Integrating data types to estimate spatial patterns of avian migration across the Western Hemisphere.

For many avian species, spatial migration patterns remain largely undescribed, especially across hemispheric extents. Recent advancements in tracking technologies and high-resolution species distribution models (i.e., eBird Status and Trends products) provide new insights into migratory bird movements and offer a promising opportunity for integrating independent data sources to describe avian migration. Here, we present a three-stage modeling framework for estimating spatial patterns of avian migration. First, we integrate tracking and band re-encounter data to quantify migratory connectivity, defined as the relative proportions of individuals migrating between breeding and nonbreeding regions. Next, we use estimated connectivity proportions along with eBird occurrence probabilities to produce probabilistic least-cost path (LCP) indices. In a final step, we use generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) both to evaluate the ability of LCP indices to accurately predict (i.e., as a covariate) observed locations derived from tracking and band re-encounter data sets versus pseudo-absence locations during migratory periods and to create a fully integrated (i.e., eBird occurrence, LCP, and tracking/band re-encounter data) spatial prediction index for mapping species-specific seasonal migrations. To illustrate this approach, we apply this framework to describe seasonal migrations of 12 bird species across the Western Hemisphere during pre- and postbreeding migratory periods (i.e., spring and fall, respectively). We found that including LCP indices with eBird occurrence in GAMMs generally improved the ability to accurately predict observed migratory locations compared to models with eBird occurrence alone. Using three performance metrics, the eBird + LCP model demonstrated equivalent or superior fit relative to the eBird-only model for 22 of 24 species-season GAMMs. In particular, the integrated index filled in spatial gaps for species with over-water movements and those that migrated over land where there were few eBird sightings and, thus, low predictive ability of eBird occurrence probabilities (e.g., Amazonian rainforest in South America). This methodology of combining individual-based seasonal movement data with temporally dynamic species distribution models provides a comprehensive approach to integrating multiple data types to describe broad-scale spatial patterns of animal movement. Further development and customization of this approach will continue to advance knowledge about the full annual cycle and conservation of migratory birds.

Isolation, Culture, and Characterization of Primary Bovine Endometrial, Epithelial, and Stromal Cells for 3D In Vitro Tissue Models.

Efficient isolation, characterization, and culture of endometrial epithelial cells and stromal fibroblasts from calf uteri collected at the slaughterhouse is key to develop useful 3D culture tissue models to investigate uterine physiology and pathology without the need of performing invasive procedures to recover tissue samples.Here we provide a detail methodology that gives consistently pure and viable populations of distinct primary bovine endometrial cells.

Estimating apparent survival of songbirds crossing the Gulf of Mexico during autumn migration.

Many migratory bird species are declining, and the migratory period may limit populations because of the risk in traversing large geographical features during passage. Using automated radio-telemetry, we tracked 139 Swainson's thrushes (Catharus ustulatus) departing coastal Alabama, USA and crossing the Gulf of Mexico to arrive in the Yucatan Peninsula, Mexico during autumn. We estimated apparent survival and examined how extrinsic (weather variables and day of year) and intrinsic (fat load, sex and age) factors influenced survival using a mark-recapture approach. We also examined how favourability of winds for crossing the Gulf varied over the past 25 years. Fat load, day of year and wind profit were important factors in predicting which individuals survived crossing the Gulf. Survival estimates varied with wind profit and fat, but generally, fat birds departing on days with favourable wind profits had an apparent survival probability of greater than 0.90, while lean individuals with no or negative wind profits had less than 0.33. The proportion of favourable nights varied within and among years, but has increased over the last 25 years. While conservation strategies cannot improve extrinsic factors, they can provide opportunities for birds to refuel before crossing large geographical features through protecting and creating high-quality stopover sites.

Fat, weather, and date affect migratory songbirds' departure decisions, routes, and time it takes to cross the Gulf of Mexico.

Approximately two thirds of migratory songbirds in eastern North America negotiate the Gulf of Mexico (GOM), where inclement weather coupled with no refueling or resting opportunities can be lethal. However, decisions made when navigating such features and their consequences remain largely unknown due to technological limitations of tracking small animals over large areas. We used automated radio telemetry to track three songbird species (Red-eyed Vireo, Swainson's Thrush, Wood Thrush) from coastal Alabama to the northern Yucatan Peninsula (YP) during fall migration. Detecting songbirds after crossing ∼1,000 km of open water allowed us to examine intrinsic (age, wing length, fat) and extrinsic (weather, date) variables shaping departure decisions, arrival at the YP, and crossing times. Large fat reserves and low humidity, indicative of beneficial synoptic weather patterns, favored southward departure across the Gulf. Individuals detected in the YP departed with large fat reserves and later in the fall with profitable winds, and flight durations (mean = 22.4 h) were positively related to wind profit. Age was not related to departure behavior, arrival, or travel time. However, vireos negotiated the GOM differently than thrushes, including different departure decisions, lower probability of detection in the YP, and longer crossing times. Defense of winter territories by thrushes but not vireos and species-specific foraging habits may explain the divergent migratory behaviors. Fat reserves appear extremely important to departure decisions and arrival in the YP. As habitat along the GOM is degraded, birds may be limited in their ability to acquire fat to cross the Gulf.

Hystopathological study of the intestinal epithelium submitted to different times of programmed ischemia and twenty four hours reperfusion.

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in the intestinal epithelium of rats, when submitted to the ischemia of varied time and scheduled reperfusion. METHODS: For this purpose, the following groups were established six groups: control, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion time (24 hours). Their intestines being resected for histopathological analysis: the length and width of the villus, and mitotic index. The nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons test were applied. RESULTS: The qualitatively the intestinal epithelium is regenerated when submitted to different ischemia, and 24 hours reperfusion time. It was observed that morphometry analyzing taking villus length and width and mitotic index as parameter, meaningful alterations were detected. CONCLUSION: The epithelium is regenerated, when subjected to different time planned of ischemia and reperfusion. It was observed: decrease the length and increase the width of the villi, when compared Group VI with I and II, and Group VI with I; increased mitotic index when compared Groups III with I. Every analysis was statistically significant.

Hystopathological study of the intestinal epithelium submitted to different times of programmed ischemia and twenty four hours reperfusion

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in the intestinal epithelium of rats, when submitted to the ischemia of varied time and scheduled reperfusion. METHODS: For this purpose, the following groups were established six groups: control, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion time (24 hours). Their intestines being resected for histopathological analysis: the length and width of the villus, and mitotic index. The nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons test were applied. RESULTS: The qualitatively the intestinal epithelium is regenerated when submitted to different ischemia, and 24 hours reperfusion time. It was observed that morphometry analyzing taking villus length and width and mitotic index as parameter, meaningful alterations were detected. CONCLUSION: The epithelium is regenerated, when subjected to different time planned of ischemia and reperfusion. It was observed: decrease the length and increase the width of the villi, when compared Group VI with I and II, and Group VI with I; increased mitotic index when compared Groups III with I. Every analysis was statistically significant.

Hystopathological study of the intestinal epithelium submitted to different times of programmed ischemia and twenty four hours reperfusion

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes in the intestinal epithelium of rats, when submitted to the ischemia of varied time and scheduled reperfusion. METHODS: For this purpose, the following groups were established six groups: control, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60 minutes of ischemia and reperfusion time (24 hours). Their intestines being resected for histopathological analysis: the length and width of the villus, and mitotic index. The nonparametric test Kruskal-Wallis and multiple comparisons test were applied. RESULTS: The qualitatively the intestinal epithelium is regenerated when submitted to different ischemia, and 24 hours reperfusion time. It was observed that morphometry analyzing taking villus length and width and mitotic index as parameter, meaningful alterations were detected. CONCLUSION: The epithelium is regenerated, when subjected to different time planned of ischemia and reperfusion. It was observed: decrease the length and increase the width of the villi, when compared Group VI with I and II, and Group VI with I; increased mitotic index when compared Groups III with I. Every analysis was statistically significant.(AU)

Guía de prácticas de oftalmología / Practice guide of ophthalmology

En esta guía, se encontrarán todas las actividades que el médico general necesita para su práctica profesional, basado en la atención primaria de salud. Encontrará como tratar una gran mayoría de las enfermedades oculares más frecuentes, su referencia y contrarreferencia de acuerdo a su capacidad de tratamiento y a la complejidad de cada caso.

Cirurgia de varizes em "mutirão" - avaliação da população e dos custos / Traduzir

As varizes dos membros inferiores acometem inúmeros pacientes na fase produtiva da vida. Os sintomas mais comuns são queimação, a sensação de dor em peso e o edema.Com o objetivo de abordar uma população alvo em fase produtiva da vida com varizes primárias e sintomáticas em membros inferiores, foi realizado em nossa Instituição o tratamento cirúrgico dos pacientes em esquema de"mutirão".O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar as características da população submetida a cirurgia de varizes "sob esquema de mutirão", o tipo de cirurgia realizada,o período de intemação e custos do tratamento em nossa Instituição.Foram avaliados 50 pacientes, sendo que os sintomas dor em peso,queimação e edema estiveram presentes em 90 por cento, 86 por cento e 94 por cento dos casos respectivamente.Encontramos 29 veias safenas magnas dilatadas e insuficientes em 16 pacientes.Em nossos resultados encontramos a safenectomia em 16 pacientes e a fleboextração bilateral em 34. A média de intemação foi de 1,38 dias e o custo médio cirurgia foi de 113,28 reais, sendo que o repasse do Ministério da Saúde para a Instituição foi de 135,00 reais por cirurgia.Concluimos que o objetivo foi alcançado, beneficiando a população sintomática em fase produtiva da vida, e os custos repassados para Instituição foram suficientes para cobrir os gastos com a internação hospitalar...

Lesão da artéria subclávia no trauma fechado / Subclavian vascular injury in blunt trauma

Os traumatismos vasculares que acometem a artéria subclávia são pouco comuns no que se refere ao trauma fechado. Geralmente vem associados a lesões de múltiplos órgãos. Apresenta-se, a seguir, um caso de paciente jovem, masculino, vítima de acidente motociclístico. Chegou com sinais de hipovolemia na Unidade de Emergência devido a hemorragia intra abdominal e hematoma expansivo da região subclávia-axilar esquerda, necessitou de tratamento cirúrgico imediato. No relato do caso observa-se dar ênfase ao atendimento inicial realizado dentro dos princípios do ATLS (Advanced Trauma Life Support), tratamento definitivo, com laparotomia exploradora e exploração arterial subclávia esquerda, com enfoque às dificuldades e possibilidades de acesso cirúrgico

Trauma vascular iatrogênico / Iatrogenic vascular injuries

Objetivo: As lesões vasculares iatrogênicas são eventos cada vez mais frequentes na prática hospitalar diária tendo em vista o número crescente de procedimentos endo-vasculares diagnósticos e terapêuticos. Este trabalho teve por objetivo analisar as lesões vasculares iatrogênicas ocorridas no Hospital a Beneficência Portuguesa, sua morbidade e as opções terapêuticas. Casuística: Num período de seis meses houve um total de 95 complicações arteriais decorrentes de 8257 procedimentos endo-vasculares diagnósticos e terapêuticos, o que representa 1,1 por cento. As artérias dos membros superiores foram acometidas em 83 casos e as dos membros inferiores em 12 casos. Resultados: Houve necessidade de correção cirúrgica em 16 casos. Os demais foram submetidos a tratamento conservador. As complicações que exigiram cirurgia restauradora foram obstrução da artéria braquial em 12 casos, laceração em 3 casos e pseudo-aneurisma em 1 caso. Quanto aos membros inferiores, as 12 complicações tinham indicação de correção cirúrgica em função da gravidade da lesão. Somente em 8 casos a cirurgia foi factível tendo em vista a precária situação clínica dos outros quatro. Estes acabaram evoluindo para o óbito. As lesões vasculares dos membros inferiores consistiram em obstrução da artéria femoral em 9 casos, laceração em 2 casos e ruptura por cateter em l caso. Conclusões: Apesar de a iatrogenia ser muito mais frequente nos membros superiores, a morbidade das lesões arteriais dos membros inferiores foi muito mais importante já que suportam menos bem a isquemia decorrente da trombose. A correção cirúrgica deve levar em conta a situação clínica do paciente e o grau de isquemia provocado pela lesão ou seu potencial de provocar quadro hemorrágico irreversível

Uso de agentes fibrinolíticos em tromboses venosa e arterial / Fibrinolytic agents in venous and arterial thrombosis

Os fármacos fibrinolíticos representam um importante coadjuvante terapêutico para o cirurgiäo vascular em casos de trombose venosa e arterial. Há contudo muitos aspectos contraditórios. Seu uso em trombose venosa profunda näo tem aceitaçäo plena, apesar de alguns relatos de bons resultados. Quanto às patologias arteriais, sendo a correçäo cirúrgica difícil e limitada para as artérias de pequeno calibre, a fibrinólise pode representar uma alternativa ou um coadjuvante terapêutico. Deve ser lembrado que os efeitos colaterais induzidos pelos fármacos fibrinolíticos podem ser graves e limitar seu uso, havendo também suas contra-indicaçöes. Além disso, esta terapia exige uma adequada estrutura de UTI e laboratório para sua aplicaçäo

Estudio clínico y epidemiológico de la meningitis viral en el HEODRA 1986 / Study clinico and epidemiologic of the viral meningitis in the HEODRA 1986- 1989

Se realizó un estudio de tipo descriptivo, en el Hospital "Oscar Danilo Rosales Argüello, durante el período de junio a septiembre de 1986, a 80 expedientes de pacientes con diagnóstico de egreso de Meningitis Viral del Servicio de Infectología. En el estudio se pudo determinar que la mayoría de los casos se presentaron en la segunda semana del mes de julio de 1986, la mayoría de los pacientes fueron niños entróficos, el antecedente de infección de vías respiratorias fue predominante, la fiebre, cefálea y vómitos fue el hallazgo clínico más frecuente