RESUMEN
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) in a parent requires diagnostic follow-up and treatment from adolescence in possible gene carriers in order to prevent cancer development. A nationwide sample (n = 22) of adolescent FAP offspring including 85% of eligible individuals aged 11-20 years and their parents were interviewed with regard to adolescent mental health, psychosocial functioning, knowledge about FAP and genetic risk, and experiences with testing and surgery. Thirty-six percent of the FAP offspring fulfilled criteria for a psychiatric diagnosis. For adolescents older than 15 years, this was increased relative to a comparison group with Hirschprung's disease and a general population sample. Neither genetic testing nor FAP diagnosis in adolescent FAP-offspring differentiated significantly between those who fulfilled the criteria and those who did not for psychiatric diagnosis, while a global score of chronic family difficulties did. This may imply that experiencing parental illness more than inheriting FAP is a perceived stressor for adolescent FAP offspring.
Asunto(s)
Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/genética , Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/psicología , Familia/psicología , Pruebas Genéticas/psicología , Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/diagnóstico , Poliposis Adenomatosa del Colon/epidemiología , Adolescente , Niño , Femenino , Genes APC , Humanos , Entrevistas como Asunto , Masculino , Salud Mental , Reproducción , Factores de Riesgo , Conducta Social , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The effects of the natural avermectin complex, aversectin C and individual avermectin B1 on the growth of ascitic and solid transplantable tumors in animals were studied. The results showed for the first time that both aversectin C and avermectin B1 possessed marked antitumor activity. In subtoxic doses aversectin C significantly inhibited the growth of P388 lymphoid leukemia and Ehrlich carcinoma, both ascitic and solid ones. In some administration regimens aversectin C inhibited the tumor growth by 70 to 80%. The highest effect of aversectin C was observed after its intraperitoneal administration. Avermectin B1 inhibited the growth of solid Ehrlich carcinoma and carcinoma 755.
Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/tratamiento farmacológico , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Ivermectina/farmacología , Leucemia P388/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Animales , Antineoplásicos/administración & dosificación , Carcinoma de Ehrlich/patología , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Inyecciones Intraperitoneales , Inyecciones Subcutáneas , Ivermectina/administración & dosificación , Leucemia P388/patología , Masculino , RatonesRESUMEN
The acute oral, cutaneous, and inhalation toxicity of aversectin C was studied on white unbred rats and mice. The compound was less toxic for rats than for mice, the LD50 for oral administration being 90 and 33 mg/kg, respectively. Aversectin C exhibited a maximum acute toxicity upon the inhalation in rats (LD50 = 40 mg/kg), while a minimum toxicity level was observed for the cutaneous application in rats (1700 mg/kg).
Asunto(s)
Antiparasitarios/toxicidad , Ivermectina/toxicidad , Plaguicidas/toxicidad , Administración por Inhalación , Administración Oral , Administración Tópica , Animales , Antiparasitarios/administración & dosificación , Formas de Dosificación , Femenino , Ivermectina/administración & dosificación , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Ratas , Pruebas de Toxicidad AgudaRESUMEN
In an epidemiological study of children aged four to 16, 1170 parents responded to the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Similar effects of age and socio-economic status (SES) on item scores as those reported in several international studies with the CBCL were found in the total sample. Contrary to the results of other studies, differences related to gender were found for only a few items. A subgroup of 41 children and 36 adolescents and their parents were interviewed with psychiatric interviews. Several CBCL problem items were good predictors of psychiatric disorder in the interviewed children and adolescents. High positive and negative predictive values were found for the items clumsy and the item unhappy, sad or depressed in this sample.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/diagnóstico , Trastornos Mentales/diagnóstico , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/estadística & datos numéricos , Adolescente , Síntomas Afectivos/diagnóstico , Síntomas Afectivos/epidemiología , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Mentales/epidemiología , Noruega/epidemiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Muestreo , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Factores SexualesRESUMEN
The construct representation of the cross-informant model of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) and the Teacher Report Form (TRF) was evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. Samples were collected in seven different countries. The results are based on 13,226 parent ratings and 8893 teacher ratings. The adequacy of fit for the cross-informant model was established on the basis of three approaches: conventional rules of fit, simulation, and comparison with other models. The results indicated that the cross-informant model fits these data poorly. These results were consistent across countries, informants, and both clinical and population samples. Since inadequate empirical support for the cross-informant syndromes and their differentiation was found, the construct validity of these syndrome dimensions is questioned.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/diagnóstico , Conducta Infantil/clasificación , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica/normas , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Lenguaje , Masculino , Modelos Psicológicos , Psicometría , Valores de Referencia , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Aversectin C was evaluated for mutagenic activity in the Ames test with Salmonella typhimurium TA 97, TA 98 and TA 100, in the dominant lethal assay on uninbred albino rats in a dose of 2.25 mg/kg body weight (1/40 of the LD50) and in the metaphase test on F1CBAxC57BI/6 mice in a dose of 8.2 mg/kg body weight (1/5 of the LD50). The agent showed no mutagenic activity in any of the tests. The anaphase test on F1CBAxC57BI/6 mice revealed no antimitotic activity of aversectin C.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/toxicidad , Ivermectina/análogos & derivados , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Anafase/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Ivermectina/toxicidad , Dosificación Letal Mediana , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Mitosis/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Ratas , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMEN
The antiechinococcal activity of albendazole resynthesized at the E. I. Martsinovskii Institute of Medical Parasitology and Tropical Medicine was studied on infection models in rats and mouse in different experimental modifications. The efficiency of the therapy was determined in relation to the dose of the drug and its routes administrations, to the single or intermittent daily dose, to the presence or absence of intervals in the treatment regimen, to dosage forms. The trials indicated that albendazole was most active against larval alveolar echinococcosis of mice or cotton rats when it was used with their feed, i.e. through the gastrointestinal tract.
Asunto(s)
Albendazol/administración & dosificación , Anticestodos/administración & dosificación , Equinococosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Administración Oral , Administración Rectal , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Portadores de Fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Equinococosis/parasitología , Equinococosis/patología , Liposomas , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Sigmodontinae , Suspensiones , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
The purpose of the study was to test the applicability of the Child Behaviour Checklist for assessing behaviour problems and competencies in Norwegian children and adolescents. Information was obtained by mailing checklists to parents of random sampled children and adolescents in a mixed rural/semirural area and the urban Oslo area. High-scoring children and random samples of normal-scoring children in two different age groups were clinically assessed in the second part of the study. The results support the predictive validity of the CBCL as judged by its ability to distinguish between children with psychiatric disorders and psychiatrically non-disordered children. Differences pertaining to sex, age, SES, and degree of urbanisation confirm findings of earlier studies across cultures.
Asunto(s)
Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Áreas de Influencia de Salud , Niño , Trastornos de la Conducta Infantil/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tamizaje Masivo , Noruega/epidemiología , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Psicometría/estadística & datos numéricos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Población Rural/estadística & datos numéricos , Población Urbana/estadística & datos numéricosRESUMEN
Congenital intestinal malformations are uncommon and may pose lasting somatic difficulties. Patients with anorectal anomalies have a high frequency of persistent faecal dysfunction and psychosocial problems. This study examined whether adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease have more psychosocial problems than their healthy peers. Nineteen adolescents (mean age 15.7 years) with Hirschsprung's disease were assessed for bowel function, anorectal physiology, mental health, and psychosocial functioning by physical examinations, semistructured interview, and standardised questionnaires. The adolescents were compared with controls. The parents of 13 adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease were interviewed and completed questionnaires. Thirty two per cent of the adolescents with Hirschsprung's disease had significant impairment of continence, but no more psychopathology (16%) nor psychosocial dysfunction as a group than their healthy peers. Faecal incontinence was associated with poorer psychosocial functioning and parental criticism. The fact that a significant number of patients with Hirschsprung's disease have incontinence into adulthood indicates the need for parental counselling, encouraging realistic expectations about continence.
Asunto(s)
Incontinencia Fecal/psicología , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/psicología , Salud Mental , Ajuste Social , Adolescente , Adulto , Salud de la Familia , Incontinencia Fecal/etiología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/complicaciones , Enfermedad de Hirschsprung/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Relaciones Padres-Hijo , Presión , Escalas de Valoración Psiquiátrica , Recto/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether children treated for familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) have greater psychosocial dysfunction compared with their peers. CHILDREN: Children were 86 boys and 66 girls 7-16 years of age attending a lipid clinic. They were screened and instructed to follow a diet low in saturated fat and cholesterol 18 months to 9 years earlier (mean, 4 years), and their mean dietary intake, estimated by a quantitative food frequency questionnaire, was within recommended limits. One-fourth had lost a parent or had a parent who had had cardiovascular disease due to FH (parental disease group). METHODS: Results of the Child Behavior Checklist, Teacher's Report Form, and Youth Self-Report were compared with a population sample. A semistructured interview, the Child Assessment Schedule, was administered to the children with FH and a well-functioning comparison group from the population (epidemiologic cohort; n = 62). RESULTS: Psychosocial scores were similar in the children with FH and the population sample. The Child Assessment Schedule showed that, compared with the epidemiologic cohort, children with FH did not have increased symptoms in any area of function, and scores for family, mood, and expression of anger were lower (less symptomatic). The prevalence of psychiatric diagnoses was 10%, which was not greater than expected. Children from the parental disease group had higher symptom scores in the areas of school and expression of anger than the rest of the children with FH. Their mean Children's Global Assessment Score (CGAS, which gives average children scores of 70-79) was slightly lower (77 vs 79). Belonging to the parental disease group predicted a lower CGAS in multivariate regression analyses, as did male sex, parental divorce, and low parental educational level. These factors explained up to 19% (95% confidence interval, 9%-31%) of the variance in CGAS. CONCLUSIONS: We found that the prevalence of psychosocial dysfunction was not greater than expected in children treated for FH. Psychosocial function within the group was associated with the usual demographic characteristics and with the loss or disease of a parent, beyond the period of bereavement or immediately after the event.
Asunto(s)
Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/psicología , Adolescente , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Conducta Infantil , Colesterol en la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Estudios de Cohortes , Dieta con Restricción de Grasas , Ingestión de Energía , Femenino , Humanos , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/dietoterapia , Hiperlipoproteinemia Tipo II/epidemiología , Entrevista Psicológica , Masculino , Prevalencia , Pruebas Psicológicas , Análisis de Regresión , Factores de Riesgo , Ajuste SocialRESUMEN
Generalization from twin studies relies on the assumption that liability to develop the disorder which is studied is influenced by similar factors in twins and singletons. The present study examines the impact of pre- and perinatal factors on parental reports of behaviour problems in 1832 twins, and compares level of attention problems, internalizing and externalizing behaviour in the twins with 723 children and adolescents from a general population sample. The modest influence of relative birth weight and birth order on level of attention problems in twins did not contribute to significant differences between twins and the general population sample. The levels of attention problems and externalizing behaviour was similar and there was a modest age dependent difference in internalizing behaviour. An increased variance was found for externalizing behaviour in twins.