Organizational design for strengthening community-based tourism: Empowering stakeholders for self-organization and networking.

The San Pablo community in El Triunfo, Ecuador, is emerging as a promising community-based tourism destination. Despite its potential, the lack of knowledge about self-organization and its implementation has hindered effective tourism management. To address this challenge, a participatory approach was employed, involving the community and key stakeholders, such as the local government of El Triunfo. Through the utilization of Design Thinking and both online and in-person interviews, it was identified that an organizational structure based on networks and a culture of self-organization can drive local tourism. These aspects were incorporated into a Design Thinking-guided process, contributing to the understanding of how to forge an appropriate organizational framework for the community. Furthermore, this study aims for broader impact. The goal is not only to strengthen tourism in San Pablo, but also to inform the management of strategies and policies in other entities. The findings offer valuable insights to similar communities in Ecuador and the region. Collectively, this research enhances the comprehension of community-based tourism and proposes practical solutions for optimizing its management in emerging contexts.

Infectious and non-infectious diseases burden among Haitian immigrants in Chile: a cross-sectional study.

Chile has become a popular destination for migrants from South America and the Caribbean (low- and middle-income countries migration). Close to 200.000 Haitian migrants have arrived in Chile. Infectious and non-infectious disease burden among the Haitian adult population living in Chile is unknown. This study aimed to acquire the basic health information (selected transmissible and non-transmissible conditions) of the Haitian adult population living in Chile. A cross-sectional survey was performed, inviting Haitian-born residents in Chile older than 18 years old. Common conditions and risk factors for disease were assessed, as well as selected transmissible conditions (HIV, HBV, and HCV). 498 participants (60.4% female) from 10 communities in two regions of Chile were surveyed. Most subjects had never smoked (91.5%), and 80% drank less than one alcohol unit per month. The mean BMI was 25.6, with 45% of participants having a normal BMI (20-25). Hypertension was present in 31.5% (33% in the 25-44 age group). Prevalence of HIV was 2.4% (95 CI 1.3-4.2%), hepatitis B (HBsAg positive) was 3.4% (95 CI 2.1-5.5%), and hepatitis C was 0% (95 CI 0.0-0.9%). Quality of life showed a significant prevalence of depression and anxiety markers, particularly in those arriving in Chile less than 1 year ago. Low prevalence of obesity, diabetes, smoking, and drinking and estimated cardiovascular risk were found. Nonetheless, hypertension at a younger age, disproportionately higher prevalence of HIV and HBV infection and frequent markers of anxiety and depression were also found. Public policies for detecting and treating hypertension, HIV, and HBV screening, offering HBV vaccination, and organizing mental health programs for Haitian immigrants, are urgently needed.

Hepatitis A outbreak since November 2016 affecting men who have sex with men (MSM) in Chile connected to the current outbreak in MSM in Europe, situation up to October 2017.

A hepatitis A outbreak has occurred in Chile since November 2016. Men are predominantly affected, with a large proportion of men who have sex with men (MSM). We describe 12 consecutive unrelated confirmed cases who presented at our healthcare institution in Santiago Metropolitan Area. Nine were men, all reporting having had sex with men. Ten viral sequences, genotyped as IA, clustered with the V16-25801 strain causing outbreaks mostly in MSM in Europe since mid-2016.