A multicentric Spanish study on the characteristics and survival of gastric adenocarcinoma under the age of 60 / Estudio multicéntrico español sobre las características y la supervivencia del adenocarcinoma gástrico en pacientes menores de 60 años

Introduction: In Europe, gastric adenocarcinoma (GADC) is commonly regarded as a disease of the elderly. This study aims to assess the proportion, characteristics, and survival of patients diagnosed with GADC under the age of 60. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective, multicentric, and analytical study conducted at four tertiary Spanish hospitals. All patients diagnosed with GADC between 2008 and 2015 were included. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and survival data were retrieved. A multivariate analysis was performed to compare GADC in young (age≤60 years) and elderly patients. Results: A total of 1374 patients with GADC were included. The mean age was 74 years (SD:11.1); 62.2% were males. There were 177 patients under the age of 60 (12.9%, 95% CI: 11.2-14.8%). GADC was frequently encountered as a metastatic disease in both young and elderly patients (Stage IV: 45.7% and 41%, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, alcohol abuse, ASA functional status I-II, diffuse subtype, neoadjuvant, and palliative therapy were independently associated (P<0.05) with age ≤60 years. No differences were found in 2-year survival (GADC ≤60: 39% vs. 35%, P=0.45). Curative-intent surgery, TNM stage I-II, body mass index<30kg/m2, and better functional status at diagnosis were independent predictors of survival in GADC under the age of 60. Conclusions: One out of eight cases of GADC were diagnosed under the age of 60. Metastatic disease was frequent at diagnosis and overall survival was poor regardless of age. Factors associated with localized disease correlated with improved survival in younger patients. Our results underline the need for early diagnosis strategies in our country

Introducción: En Europa, el adenocarcinoma gástrico (ADCG) afecta principalmente a pacientes de edad avanzada. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la proporción, las características y la supervivencia de los pacientes diagnosticados de ADCG menores de 60 años. Material y métodos: Estudio retrospectivo, multicéntrico y analítico realizado en 4 hospitales terciarios españoles. Se incluyeron todos los pacientes diagnosticados con ADCG entre los años 2008-2015. Se recogieron datos demográficos, clínicos, endoscópicos, histológicos y de supervivencia. Se realizó un análisis multivariante para comparar el ADCG en pacientes jóvenes (edad≤60 años) y de edad avanzada. Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 1.374 pacientes con ADCG. La edad media fue de 74 años (DE: 11,1), el 62,2% varones. Ciento setenta y siete pacientes tenían menos de 60 años (12,9%, IC 95%: 11,2-14,8%). El ADCG se diagnosticó con frecuencia como enfermedad metastásica en pacientes jóvenes y ancianos (estadio IV: 45,7 y 41%, respectivamente). En el análisis multivariante, el abuso de alcohol, la clase funcional ASA I-II, el subtipo difuso, el tratamiento neoadyuvante y el tratamiento paliativo se asociaron de forma independiente (p<0,05) con una edad ≤60 años. No se encontraron diferencias en la supervivencia a 2 años (ADCG≤60: 39 vs. 35%; p=0,45). La cirugía con intención curativa, el estadio TNM I-II, el índice de masa corporal <30kg/m2 y un mejor estado funcional al diagnóstico fueron factores predictivos independientes de supervivencia en el subgrupo de pacientes menores de 60 años. Conclusiones: Uno de cada 8 casos de ADCG se diagnosticaron por debajo de los 60 años. Independientemente de la edad, la presencia de metástasis al diagnóstico fue frecuente y la supervivencia global baja. Los factores asociados a enfermedad localizada se correlacionaron con una mejor supervivencia en pacientes más jóvenes. Nuestros resultados apoyan la necesidad de implementar estrategias de diagnóstico temprano en nuestro país

A multicentric Spanish study on the characteristics and survival of gastric adenocarcinoma under the age of 60.

INTRODUCTION: In Europe, gastric adenocarcinoma (GADC) is commonly regarded as a disease of the elderly. This study aims to assess the proportion, characteristics, and survival of patients diagnosed with GADC under the age of 60. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective, multicentric, and analytical study conducted at four tertiary Spanish hospitals. All patients diagnosed with GADC between 2008 and 2015 were included. Demographic, clinical, endoscopic, histologic, and survival data were retrieved. A multivariate analysis was performed to compare GADC in young (age≤60 years) and elderly patients. RESULTS: A total of 1374 patients with GADC were included. The mean age was 74 years (SD:11.1); 62.2% were males. There were 177 patients under the age of 60 (12.9%, 95% CI: 11.2-14.8%). GADC was frequently encountered as a metastatic disease in both young and elderly patients (Stage IV: 45.7% and 41%, respectively). In the multivariate analysis, alcohol abuse, ASA functional status I-II, diffuse subtype, neoadjuvant, and palliative therapy were independently associated (P<0.05) with age ≤60 years. No differences were found in 2-year survival (GADC ≤60: 39% vs. 35%, P=0.45). Curative-intent surgery, TNM stage I-II, body mass index<30kg/m2, and better functional status at diagnosis were independent predictors of survival in GADC under the age of 60. CONCLUSIONS: One out of eight cases of GADC were diagnosed under the age of 60. Metastatic disease was frequent at diagnosis and overall survival was poor regardless of age. Factors associated with localized disease correlated with improved survival in younger patients. Our results underline the need for early diagnosis strategies in our country.

Rate of missed oesophageal cancer at routine endoscopy and survival outcomes: A multicentric cohort study.

Background: Missed oesophageal cancer (MEC) at upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) is poorly documented. Objective: The objectives of this study were: (1) to assess the rate, predictors and survival of MEC; (2) to compare MEC and non-MEC tumours. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study conducted at four tertiary centres. Oesophageal cancers (ECs) diagnosed between 2008 and 2015 were included. Patients with a premalignant condition (Barrett, achalasia), prior diagnosis of EC or oesophagogastric junction tumour of gastric origin were excluded. MEC was defined as EC detected within 36 months after negative UGE. Results: 123,395 UGEs were performed during the study period, with 502 ECs being diagnosed (0.4%). A total of 391 ECs were finally included. Overall MEC rate was 6.4% (95% confidence intervals (CI): 4.4-9.3%). The interval between negative and diagnostic UGE was less than 2 years in 84% of the cases. Multivariate analysis showed that a negative endoscopy was associated with proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy and less experienced endoscopists. MEC was smaller than non-MEC at diagnosis (25 versus 40 mm, p = 0.021), more often flat or depressed (p = 0.013) and less frequently diagnosed as metastatic disease (p = 0.013). Overall 2-year survival rate was similar for MEC (20%) and non-MEC (24.1%) (p = 0.95). Conclusions: MEC accounted for 6.4% of all ECs and was associated with poor survival. High-quality UGE and awareness of MEC may help to reduce its incidence.

Characteristics and consequences of missed gastric cancer: A multicentric cohort study.

BACKGROUND: Missed gastric cancer (MGC) is poorly documented in Mediterranean populations. AIMS: (1) To assess the rate, predictors and survival of MGC. (2) To compare MGC and non-MGC tumors. METHODS: This is a retrospective-cohort study conducted at four centers. MGC was defined as cancer detected within three years after negative esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Gastric adenocarcinomas diagnosed between 2008-2015 were included. Patients with no follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: During the study period 123,395 esophagogastroduodenoscopies were performed, with 1374 gastric cancers being diagnosed (1.1%). A total of 1289 gastric cancers were finally included. The overall rate of MGC was 4.7% (61/1289, 3.7-6%). A negative esophagogastroduodenoscopy in MGC patients was independently associated with PPI therapy (p < 0.001), previous Billroth II anastomosis (p = 0.002), and lack of alarm symptoms (p < 0.001). The most frequent location for MGC was the gastric body(52.4%). MGCs were smaller than non-MGCs (31 vs 41 mm, p = 0.047), more often flat or depressed (p = 0.003) and less likely to be encountered as advanced disease. Overall 2-year survival was similar between MGC (34.1%) and Non-MGC (35.3 %) (p = 0.59). CONCLUSION: MGC accounted for nearly five percent of newly-diagnosed gastric adenocarcinomas. Overall survival was poor and not different between MGC and non-MGC.

Epistaxis en el paciente cirrótico: una complicación a tener en cuenta / Epistaxis in the cirrhotic patient: A complication to be considered

Introducción: La epistaxis en los pacientes cirróticos es un hecho frecuente. No obstante, la literatura publicada hasta la fecha es muy escasa. Material y métodos: Serie de casos retrospectiva de pacientes con cirrosis que presentaron una epistaxis significativa, entre los años 2006 y 2016. Resultados: Se recogieron datos de 39 pacientes cirróticos con una edad media de 61,4 (±14) años, 75% varones. Las principales comorbilidades fueron la hipertensión arterial (33%) y la diabetes mellitus (26%). Siete (18%) pacientes tomaban antiagregantes y 3 (8%) anticoagulantes. Un tercio de los pacientes tenían antecedentes de epistaxis y 6 presentaban alguna patología ORL previa. La principal etiología de la cirrosis fue el alcohol en el 46% de los casos, siendo 15 (38%) pacientes Child A, 12 (31%) Child B y 12 (31%) Child C. La mediana de MELD al ingreso fue de 16 [12-21]. Treinta y cinco (97%) pacientes presentaban hipertensión portal. Al ingreso, la mediana de plaquetas fue de 89.000 [60.000-163.000] y la media de INR de 1,52 (±0,37). Clínicamente, en 8 (21%) pacientes la epistaxis se presentó simulando una hemorragia digestiva como hematemesis o melenas al ser la sangre deglutida. En 10 (26%) pacientes la epistaxis fue considerada como el probable desencadenante de una encefalopatía hepática. Dos pacientes requirieron ingreso en UCI por el sangrado y 8 (21%) fallecieron durante el ingreso, por causas no directamente relacionadas con la epistaxis. Conclusiones: La epistaxis es una complicación a tener en cuenta, pudiendo actuar como desencadenante de encefalopatía o simular un episodio de hemorragia digestiva

Introduction: Epistaxis in cirrhotic patients is a common issue. However, the literature published to date is very scarce. Material and methods: Retrospective case series of patients with cirrhosis who presented with a significant epistaxis, between 2006 and 2016. Results: Data were collected from 39 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 61.4 (±14) years, 75% of which were males. The main comorbidities were hypertension (33%) and diabetes mellitus (26%). Seven (18%) patients were taking antiplatelet drugs and 3 (8%) anticoagulants. One third of patients had a previous history of epistaxis and 6 had a previous ENT pathology. The main aetiological factor of cirrhosis was alcohol in 46% of cases, with 15 (38%) patients presenting with Child A, 12 (31%) Child B and 12 (31%) Child C class. The median MELD score upon admission was 16 [12-21]. Thirty-five (97%) patients had portal hypertension. At admission, the median platelet count was 89,000 [60,000-163,000] and mean INR was 1.52 (±0.37). Clinically, epistaxis presented as haematemesis or melaena in 8 (21%) patients, simulating gastrointestinal bleeding due to swallowing of blood. In 10 (26%) patients, epistaxis was considered as the probable trigger of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy. Two patients required ICU admission due to bleeding and 8 (21%) died during hospitalisation due to causes not directly related to epistaxis. Conclusions: Epistaxis is a complication to be taken into account in cirrhotic patients, as it can act as an encephalopathy trigger or simulate an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding

Trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos en enfermedad de Crohn refractaria: experiencia en nuestro centro / Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory Crohn's disease: Experience in our centre

Introducción: El trasplante autólogo de precursores hematopoyéticos (TPHA) es una modalidad de tratamiento aceptada para la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) refractaria. Material y métodos: Se recogen los pacientes con EC refractaria sometidos a TPHA en el hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal de Madrid y se describen de forma retrospectiva los resultados obtenidos. Resultados: Un total de 7 pacientes han recibido TPHA debido a EC refractaria en nuestro centro. Tres pacientes (43%) presentaron remisión clínica y endoscópica; un paciente (14%) mejoría clínica sin remisión y 3 pacientes (43%) permanecían activos con necesidad de reinicio del tratamiento en la valoración de la respuesta inicial al TPHA (a 6 meses). Los síntomas recurrieron en 5 de los 7 pacientes (71%), y todos ellos requirieron reinicio de tratamiento médico a una media de 13,8 meses (rango: 3-30 meses). Solo un paciente requirió cirugía tras el TPHA. Al final del seguimiento a una media de 48 meses (rango: 17-78 meses) 5/7 (71%) de los pacientes estaban en remisión clínica con o sin tratamiento. Conclusión: El TPHA puede ser una opción terapéutica prometedora para pacientes con EC refractaria. Su utilidad radica en que puede producir la remisión clínica sin tratamiento en algunos pacientes, pero también en que puede hacer la enfermedad tratable, consiguiendo respuesta a determinados tratamientos en pacientes que la habían perdido previamente

Introduction: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an accepted treatment in refractory Crohn's disease (CD). Material and methods: Data on patients with refractory CD subjected to AHSCT are collected at the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in Madrid and the results obtained are described retrospectively. Results: Seven patients in total have received AHSCT due to refractory CD in our centre. Three patients (43%) presented with clinical and endoscopic remission; one patient (14%) clinical improvement without remission and three patients (43%) remained active with the need to restart treatment in the assessment of the initial response to the AHSCT (after six months). Symptoms recurred in five of the seven patients (71%) and all of them had to restart medical treatment after an average of 13.8 months (range: 3-30 months). Only one patient needed surgery after the AHSCT. At the end of the follow-up, after a mean of 48 months (range: 17-78 months), 5/7 (71%) of the patients were in clinical remission with or without treatment. Conclusion: AHSCT may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with refractory CD. Its usefulness lies in the fact that it can produce clinical remission without treatment in some patients, but also that it can make the disease treatable, obtaining a response to certain treatments in patients who had previously lost it

Epistaxis in the cirrhotic patient: A complication to be considered. / Epistaxis en el paciente cirrótico: una complicación a tener en cuenta.

INTRODUCTION: Epistaxis in cirrhotic patients is a common issue. However, the literature published to date is very scarce. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of patients with cirrhosis who presented with a significant epistaxis, between 2006 and 2016. RESULTS: Data were collected from 39 cirrhotic patients with a mean age of 61.4 (±14) years, 75% of which were males. The main comorbidities were hypertension (33%) and diabetes mellitus (26%). Seven (18%) patients were taking antiplatelet drugs and 3 (8%) anticoagulants. One third of patients had a previous history of epistaxis and 6 had a previous ENT pathology. The main aetiological factor of cirrhosis was alcohol in 46% of cases, with 15 (38%) patients presenting with Child A, 12 (31%) Child B and 12 (31%) Child C class. The median MELD score upon admission was 16 [12-21]. Thirty-five (97%) patients had portal hypertension. At admission, the median platelet count was 89,000 [60,000-163,000] and mean INR was 1.52 (±0.37). Clinically, epistaxis presented as haematemesis or melaena in 8 (21%) patients, simulating gastrointestinal bleeding due to swallowing of blood. In 10 (26%) patients, epistaxis was considered as the probable trigger of an episode of hepatic encephalopathy. Two patients required ICU admission due to bleeding and 8 (21%) died during hospitalisation due to causes not directly related to epistaxis. CONCLUSIONS: Epistaxis is a complication to be taken into account in cirrhotic patients, as it can act as an encephalopathy trigger or simulate an episode of gastrointestinal bleeding.

Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation in refractory Crohn's disease: Experience in our centre. / Trasplante de precursores hematopoyéticos en enfermedad de Crohn refractaria: experiencia en nuestro centro.

INTRODUCTION: Autologous haematopoietic stem cell transplantation (AHSCT) is an accepted treatment in refractory Crohn's disease (CD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data on patients with refractory CD subjected to AHSCT are collected at the Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal in Madrid and the results obtained are described retrospectively. RESULTS: Seven patients in total have received AHSCT due to refractory CD in our centre. Three patients (43%) presented with clinical and endoscopic remission; one patient (14%) clinical improvement without remission and three patients (43%) remained active with the need to restart treatment in the assessment of the initial response to the AHSCT (after six months). Symptoms recurred in five of the seven patients (71%) and all of them had to restart medical treatment after an average of 13.8 months (range: 3-30 months). Only one patient needed surgery after the AHSCT. At the end of the follow-up, after a mean of 48 months (range: 17-78 months), 5/7 (71%) of the patients were in clinical remission with or without treatment. CONCLUSION: AHSCT may be a promising therapeutic option for patients with refractory CD. Its usefulness lies in the fact that it can produce clinical remission without treatment in some patients, but also that it can make the disease treatable, obtaining a response to certain treatments in patients who had previously lost it.

Dieulafoy esofágico: una causa infrecuente de hemorragia digestiva alta / Oesophageal Dieulafoy's lesion: An unusual cause of upper gastrointestinal bleeding

No disponible

Agentes anti-factor de necrosis tumoral en enfermedad de Crohn y colitis ulcerosa: más allá de la enfermedad luminal / Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Beyond luminal disease

Los agentes anti-factor de necrosis tumoral (anti-TNF) son fármacos de uso común en los pacientes con enfermedad inflamatoria crónica intestinal (EICI) y han demostrado ser efectivos en inducción y mantenimiento en enfermedad de Crohn y colitis ulcerosa, así como en pacientes con afectación fistulizante perianal. Sin embargo, la evidencia relativa al uso de estos fármacos en otros escenarios dentro de EICI es menos sólida. Es el caso de la enfermedad de Crohn con afectación estenosante, penetrante o perianal no fistulizante, de las manifestaciones extraintestinales de la EICI y de las complicaciones del reservorio ileoanal. El objetivo de esta revisión fue realizar un análisis de la literatura disponible y determinar el papel de los anti-TNF en la práctica clínica en pacientes afectos por estas complicaciones

Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNF) drugs are commonly used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have proven effective in both induction and maintenance therapy in luminal Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their efficacy has also been proven in fistulising perianal Crohn's disease. However, the evidence in other scenarios, such as stricturing, penetrating and non-fistulising perianal Crohn's disease, extraintestinal IBD manifestations and ileoanal reservoir complications, is not as robust. The aim of this review was to perform an analysis of the available literature and to determine the role of anti-TNF drugs in common clinical practice in patients affected by these complications

Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: Beyond luminal disease. / Agentes anti-factor de necrosis tumoral en enfermedad de Crohn y colitis ulcerosa: más allá de la enfermedad luminal.

Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents (anti-TNF) drugs are commonly used in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and have proven effective in both induction and maintenance therapy in luminal Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Their efficacy has also been proven in fistulising perianal Crohn's disease. However, the evidence in other scenarios, such as stricturing, penetrating and non-fistulising perianal Crohn's disease, extraintestinal IBD manifestations and ileoanal reservoir complications, is not as robust. The aim of this review was to perform an analysis of the available literature and to determine the role of anti-TNF drugs in common clinical practice in patients affected by these complications.

Intestinal malrotation: A rare cause of chronic recurrent abdominal pain / Malrotación intestinal: una causa infrecuente de dolor abdominal crónico recurrente

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Coledocolitiasis como causa de elevación importante del marcador tumoral CA 19-9 / Significantly elevated CA 19-9 levels in a patient with choledocholithiasis

No disponible