RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To define and validate metrics of embryo progression and morphology during extended embryo culture and to compare the effects of early cleavage (EC) vs. blastulation stages on clinical pregnancy. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. SETTING: University-affiliated assisted reproduction center. PATIENT(S): One thousand two hundred ninety-two intracytoplasmic sperm injection and 842 IVF blastocyst-transfer cycles. INTERVENTION(S): The embryo progression index (EPI) was calculated as the area under the curve of total cell number (TCN) over time, by using observed TCN for cleavage-stage embryos and estimated blastocyst TCN according to morphology. The EPI from days 1-3 measured early cleavage, and blastulation was assessed by EPI over extended embryo culture. Blastocyst morphology was converted into numerical blastocyst quality scores (BQSs). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to evaluate predictors for clinical pregnancy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Clinical pregnancy. RESULT(S): Per-cycle mean EPI and mean BQS for all embryos developing into blastocysts, as well as mean BQS of the transferred embryos, were significant predictors of clinical pregnancy in intracytoplasmic sperm injection and IVF cycles. Mean EPI for days 1-3 did not predict outcome. CONCLUSION(S): Early cleavage is a putative marker of embryo quality. Late-stage embryo development is more sensitive and specific in predicting clinical pregnancy than is early cleavage, supporting the use of extended embryo culture for embryo selection. The embryo progression index and BQS may also be used for this purpose.
Asunto(s)
Fase de Segmentación del Huevo/citología , Transferencia de Embrión , Desarrollo Embrionario , Índice de Embarazo , Inyecciones de Esperma Intracitoplasmáticas , Adulto , Blastocisto , Fase de Segmentación del Huevo/fisiología , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro , Humanos , Masculino , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Embarazo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
The outcome of a novel protocol utilizing precycle gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist administration and LH activity support with microdose recombinant human chorionic gonadotrophin (HCG) was compared to GnRH agonist long protocol used in patients undergoing their first ICSI (n=707) or IVF (n=571) cycles, which had resulted in one or two blastocyst transfers. In GnRH antagonist cycles, cetrorelix acetate (3 mg) was administered s.c. 4 days before FSH stimulation and a repeat dose was given when the lead follicular diameter was 13-14 mm. LH support was provided by recombinant HCG (2.5 microg). Embryo progression and blastulation were evaluated using embryo progression indices and blastocyst quality scores. The tested protocol demonstrated reduced implantation and clinical pregnancy rates as compared with GnRH agonist long protocol, although the embryo progression and blastulation parameters and blastocyst quality were comparable among the groups. Logistic regression models further supported the significant negative impact of GnRH antagonist/microdose HCG protocol on clinical pregnancy rates in both ICSI and IVF patients. Assisted reproduction cycles with fresh blastocyst transfers utilizing precycle GnRH antagonist administration and microdose HCG support resulted in lower implantation and clinical pregnancy rates as compared with GnRH agonist cycles, although the embryo progression and blastulation parameters were comparable.
Asunto(s)
Blastocisto/fisiología , Blástula/fisiología , Gonadotropina Coriónica/administración & dosificación , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Inducción de la Ovulación/métodos , Índice de Embarazo , Adulto , Blastocisto/efectos de los fármacos , Blástula/efectos de los fármacos , Transferencia de Embrión , Embrión de Mamíferos/efectos de los fármacos , Embrión de Mamíferos/fisiología , Femenino , Fertilización In Vitro/métodos , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/administración & dosificación , Hormona Liberadora de Gonadotropina/análogos & derivados , Humanos , Embarazo , Análisis de Regresión , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Parasitic infestation is an uncommon cause of chronic pelvic pain among women of reproductive age. A case of chronic right-sided pelvic pain associated with appendiceal Enterobius vermicularis infestation was managed with appendectomy and antiparasitic therapy resulting in a complete resolution of symptoms.
Asunto(s)
Apendicectomía/métodos , Apendicitis/etiología , Enterobiasis/complicaciones , Dolor Pélvico/etiología , Adulto , Antinematodos/uso terapéutico , Apendicitis/tratamiento farmacológico , Apendicitis/cirugía , Enfermedad Crónica , Enterobiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Enterobiasis/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Laparoscopía/métodos , Mebendazol/uso terapéutico , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Abdominal pregnancy is not encountered commonly, and management of the placenta is controversial. CASE: A 33-year-old woman presented with an abdominal pregnancy at 33 weeks' gestation with fetal death. The placental vasculature was embolized preoperatively. Following operative delivery. of the fetus, the placenta was left in situ in efforts to preserve fertility given its implantation on the reproductive organs. The patient suffered prolonged postoperative ileus but otherwise did well. Placental function ceased after two months. CONCLUSION: Placental vasculature embolization is a management option for a retained placenta associated with abdominal pregnancy.
Asunto(s)
Cesárea , Embolización Terapéutica/métodos , Muerte Fetal/terapia , Retención de la Placenta/terapia , Embarazo Abdominal/terapia , Cuidados Preoperatorios/métodos , Adulto , Angiografía , Pérdida de Sangre Quirúrgica , Embolización Terapéutica/efectos adversos , Femenino , Muerte Fetal/complicaciones , Muerte Fetal/diagnóstico por imagen , Esponja de Gelatina Absorbible/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Seudoobstrucción Intestinal/etiología , Retención de la Placenta/complicaciones , Retención de la Placenta/diagnóstico por imagen , Embarazo , Tercer Trimestre del Embarazo , Embarazo Abdominal/complicaciones , Embarazo Abdominal/diagnóstico por imagen , Ultrasonografía Prenatal , Útero/irrigación sanguíneaRESUMEN
The transport of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane by the steroidogenic acute regulatory (StAR) protein is a critical step in steroidogenesis. The current study was designed to examine whether the multifunctional transcription factor Yin Yang 1 (YY1) was able to repress activation of the StAR gene. YY1 bound to three putative YY1-binding sites in the rat StAR promoter. Cotransfection of the StAR promoter linked to a luciferase reporter gene and YY1 in the presence or absence of sterol regulatory element binding protein-1a (SREBP-1a) resulted in transcriptional repression. YY1 was found to colocalize in the nucleus with SREPB-1a. YY1 inhibited SREBP-1a/nuclear factor Y (NF-Y) enhancement of StAR activation and YY1 decreased SREBP-1a binding to a sterol regulatory element in the presence or absence of NF-Y. YY1 also decreased NF-Y binding to a nonconsensus NF-Y-binding motif in the StAR promoter. These studies provide novel information on the mechanisms of YY1-mediated repression of the StAR gene.