RESUMEN
The rapidly changing field of maxillofacial diagnostic imaging provides the clinician with tools for superior diagnostic capabilities and improved treatment planning improving and thus patient's outcome. There are currently growing number of imaging modalities available in the maxillofacial region, of which a choice must be made according to the least invasive and the most diagnostic option. The introduction of Cone-Beam-Computerized Tomography (CBCT) allows for 3-dimensional imaging volume with improved spatial resolution, along with increased responsibilities of the referring clinician. As various papers showed numerous incidental findings which may be encountered in the imaging data, international organizations advocated the need of both precise, justified and restricted referrals for advanced imaging as well as a need for a radiologic report based on a thorough examination of the entire volume. This paper aims to demonstrate some of the current themes in maxillofacial imaging. it describes the CBCT modality in the maxillofacial region, its application and the various output options. In addition, it introduces the possibility of an imaging consult service. This can be done by either referral of the patient for radiology consult pertaining to findings detected within the region of interest (ROI )or outside the ROI that were not the reason for referral (incidental findings) or by requesting for a written report for an imaging scan.
Asunto(s)
Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico/métodos , Cara/diagnóstico por imagen , Maxilar/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagenología Tridimensional/métodos , Hallazgos Incidentales , Radiografía Dental/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of a single 5-mg dose of pilocarpine hydrochloride on the salivary flow rate in three groups of xerostomic patients. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients were divided into three groups according to the etiology of their xerostomia: (i) radiotherapy; (ii) Sjögren's syndrome; and (iii) sialosis and xerogenic medications. Following the oral administration of a 5-mg pilocarpine hydrochloride tablet blood pressure, heart rate, body temperature and saliva secretion rates were monitored hourly for 3 h and adverse events were reported. RESULTS: The most significant and persistent elevation of salivary flow rate was observed in the sialosis/drug-induced group followed by the Sjögren's syndrome group. The radiotherapy group presented a significant elevation of salivary secretion rate after 1 and 2 h, but returned to baseline at 3 h. No significant changes in vital signs were reported, except for low diastolic pressure measured at 1 h in the radiotherapy group. Several adverse events were recorded throughout the trial; however, only one patient withdrew from the study. CONCLUSION: Treatment with pilocarpine hydrochloride tablets may improve saliva secretion in patients taking xerogenic medications and/or suffering from metabolic sialosis expanding the beneficial potential of this sialogogue.
Asunto(s)
Agonistas Muscarínicos/uso terapéutico , Pilocarpina/uso terapéutico , Xerostomía/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Temperatura Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Estudios de Cohortes , Mareo/inducido químicamente , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Frecuencia Cardíaca/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Agonistas Muscarínicos/administración & dosificación , Agonistas Muscarínicos/efectos adversos , Pilocarpina/administración & dosificación , Pilocarpina/efectos adversos , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Saliva/efectos de los fármacos , Saliva/metabolismo , Tasa de Secreción/efectos de los fármacos , Sialadenitis/complicaciones , Síndrome de Sjögren/complicaciones , Sudoración/efectos de los fármacos , Micción/efectos de los fármacos , Xerostomía/etiologíaRESUMEN
Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus (TMEV) infection is maintained in mouse colonies by fecal-oral spread (with no apparent role for persistent central nervous system infection) from an acutely infected animal to another. Therefore, serological methods offer the principal way to assess infection in mice and related rodent populations. Infection of mouse colonies with TMEV appears to be worldwide, yet no systematic serologic studies have been reported. In this study, enzyme-linked immunoassay and neutralization analysis of sera from feral Mus musculus obtained from four locations in the United States and one in Russia revealed antibodies to purified TMEV and two linear viral peptide epitopes in more than 50% of the sera derived from the five different locations. A similar analysis of sera from 26 species of related rodents trapped at multiple locations in North America and Europe indicated the presence of anti-TMEV antibodies only in a small proportion of water and bank voles that belong to a different subfamily. These results indicate that Mus musculus is the natural host of TMEV.
Asunto(s)
Ratones/inmunología , Ratones/virología , Theilovirus/inmunología , Theilovirus/aislamiento & purificación , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Animales Salvajes/inmunología , Animales Salvajes/virología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/análisis , Anticuerpos Antivirales/inmunología , Arvicolinae/inmunología , Arvicolinae/virología , Infecciones por Cardiovirus/inmunología , Infecciones por Cardiovirus/veterinaria , Infecciones por Cardiovirus/virología , Línea Celular , Cricetinae , Reacciones Cruzadas , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Epítopos/química , Epítopos/inmunología , Europa (Continente) , Pruebas de Neutralización , América del Norte , Federación de Rusia , Serología , Ensayo de Placa ViralRESUMEN
The hemoglobin of the ground squirrel Spermophilus townsendii consists of two components which are present in a ratio of ca. 2:1. The two hemoglobins have identical alpha-chains, but differ in their beta-chains. We present the primary structures of the alpha- and the two beta-globin chains. Following chain separation by chromatography on carboxymethyl-cellulose CM-52, the amino-acid sequences were established by automatic Edman degradation of the globin chains and the tryptic peptides, as well as of a peptide obtained by acid hydrolysis of the Asp-Pro bond of the beta-chains. The two beta-chains differ by only one amino-acid residue, Ala being present in the main and Asp in the minor component in position 58 (E2). The comparison with human hemoglobin showed only 14 exchanges in the alpha-chains but 33 in the beta-chains. Whereas no contact positions are affected in the alpha-chains, we found four such substitutions in the beta-chains, including one heme contact, two alpha 1/beta 1-contacts, and one alpha 1/beta 2-contact. It seems however, that the substitution found in the beta-chains has no effect on the oxygen affinity.
Asunto(s)
Hemoglobinas/análisis , Sciuridae/sangre , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Aminoácidos/análisis , Animales , Globinas/análisis , Concentración de Iones de Hidrógeno , Péptidos/análisis , TripsinaAsunto(s)
Insuficiencia Cardíaca/complicaciones , Hipertensión Renal/complicaciones , Neoplasias Renales/complicaciones , Angiografía , Presión Sanguínea , Colecistectomía , Femenino , Humanos , Hipertensión Renal/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/diagnóstico por imagen , Riñón/patología , Riñón/cirugía , Neoplasias Renales/patología , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Ultrasonografía , UrografíaRESUMEN
G-band patterns of the bharal (Pseudois nayaur), 2n = 54, were compared with those of wild sheep (Ovis dalli stonei), 2n = 54, and the Persian wild goat (Capra hircus), 2n = 60. Patterns of the longer segments of the biarmed chromosomes of Pseudois were similar to those of the longer biarmed segments of Ovis, whereas the shorter segments differed. Biarmed chromosomal segments had G-band homologies with specific acrocentric autosomes of Capra and were ranked as follows in descending order of relative lengths: Pseudois 1:4/13; 2:1/27 and 3:3/29; and for Ovis 1:1/5; 2:3/10 and 3:4.9. Arm ratios and relative lengths of the biarmed chromosomes were compared. The Y chromosome of Pseudois is a small biarmed chromosome that resembles those of Capra and Ovis. Hemoglobin B was observed in the bharal and was indistinguishable from Hb B of Ovis using starch-gel electrophoresis. The transferrin "zone pair" of Pseudois migrated more slowly in starch-gel electrophoresis than do any of the known transferrin types in sheep and goats. We refer to this transferrin as Pseudois Tf A. The biarmed formations of Pseudois and Ovis are discussed in relation to karyotype evolution and possible speciation.
Asunto(s)
Evolución Biológica , Cromosomas , Cabras/genética , Hemoglobinas/metabolismo , Ovinos/genética , Transferrina/metabolismo , Animales , Bandeo Cromosómico , MasculinoAsunto(s)
Arvicolinae/genética , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/genética , Hemoglobinas/genética , Leucil Aminopeptidasa/genética , Transferrina/genética , Animales , Frecuencia de los Genes , Genotipo , Glucosafosfato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Leucil Aminopeptidasa/sangre , Especificidad de la Especie , Transferrina/sangreRESUMEN
G-band patterns of the Siberian snow sheep, Ovis nivicola alleni, 2n=52, were compared with the patterns reported in 2n=54 wild Asiatic mouflon and 2n=54 North American sheep and those in domestic sheep with 2n=54, 53, and 52. The three largest pairs of biarmed autosomes displayed indistinguishable, presumably homologous, G-banding patterns in all types of sheep. The banding and morphology of the fourth pair of biarmed autosomes in O.nivicola differed from those of the three translocation variants described in domestic sheep. Wild sheep with 2n=54 may have evolved monophyletically from an ancestral 2n=58-56-54 population or polyphyletically by a series of independent, nonrandom fusions. In contrast, the fouth pair of biarmed autosomes in O.nivicola and in 2n=52 domestic sheep variants may have resulted from random fusions of different chromosomes.