RESUMEN
Anti-Kv1.4 antibody is often detected in thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody. Herein, we describe 2 patients with concurrent myocarditis and myositis. In both cases, anti-Kv1.4 antibody was positive despite the absence of thymoma and anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody, and immunosuppressants eventually resolved their symptoms and cardiac function. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Inhalation of aerosolized Legionella pneumophila, a Gram-negative bacterium, can cause severe pneumonia. During infection, L. pneumophila replicates intracellularly in macrophages. The involvement of host microRNAs (miRNAs) in L. pneumophila infection is not fully understood. METHODS: The human macrophage-like cell line U937 was infected with L. pneumophila. The levels of miRNA and messenger RNA (mRNA) were measured using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Release of lactate dehydrogenase was used to evaluate cytotoxicity. The expression of RICTOR and related proteins was examined by western blotting of cell lysates. RESULTS: L. pneumophila infection upregulated the expression of miR-218 and the host genes SLIT2 and SLIT3 in U937â¯cells. The expression of RICTOR, a component of the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 2 (mTORC2), decreased during L. pneumophila infection. RICTOR protein expression was inhibited by the overexpression of miR-218, whereas knockdown of miR-218 restored the downregulation of RICTOR by L. pneumophila. L. pneumophila infection induced the expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-alpha, which was modulated by knockdown of miR-218 or RICTOR. CONCLUSIONS: Our study revealed the involvement of miR-218 in regulating the inflammatory response of macrophages against L. pneumophila infection. These findings suggest potential novel roles for miR-218 and RICTOR as therapeutic targets of L. pneumophila infection.
