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OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristic imaging features that can be used to differentiate ameloblastomas from keratocystic odontogenic tumours and to examine the significant imaging features contributing to a correct diagnosis. METHODS: 60 observers (39 specialists in oral and maxillofacial radiology and 21 non-specialists) examined CT and/or panoramic images of 10 ameloblastomas and 10 keratocystic odontogenic tumours shown on a webpage and made diagnoses. Their correct answer ratios were then calculated. The imaging features of the tumours were evaluated and expressed as binary numbers or quantitative values. The imaging features that contributed to a correct diagnosis were elucidated using logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: The mean correct answer ratio was 61.3% ± 17.2% for the diagnosis of ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumours. CT images produced higher correct answer ratios for diagnosis of keratocystic odontogenic tumours by specialists. The significantly different imaging features between ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumours were the degree of bone expansion and the presence of high-density areas. The significant imaging features contributing to a correct imaging diagnosis were the number of locules, the presence of high-density areas and the inclusion of impacted teeth. CONCLUSION: The presence of high-density areas is the most useful feature in the differential diagnosis of ameloblastomas and keratocystic odontogenic tumours based on comparison of the imaging features of both tumours and examination of the diagnostic contributions of these features.
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Ameloblastoma/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Tumores Odontogénicos/diagnóstico por imagen , Adolescente , Adulto , Ameloblastoma/patología , Niño , Densitometría , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Humanos , Internet , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Neoplasias Mandibulares/patología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Tumores Odontogénicos/patología , Reconocimiento de Normas Patrones Automatizadas , Radiografía Panorámica , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: The aim was to investigate the effect of changes in horizontal X-ray beam angulation in intraoral radiography on the detection accuracy of furcation defects in the mandibular first molar, and to examine the anatomical relationship between the roots and furcation area as a possible cause of changes in detectability. METHODS: Simulated furcation defects with various depths were created in five mandibular first molars. Intraoral radiographs were taken at various horizontal angulations of the projection beams. The diagnostic accuracies were determined based on receiver operating characteristic analysis. The geometric relationship that might influence the accuracy was investigated through use of a compact cone beam CT in 59 first molar areas. RESULTS: Although the horizontal angulations showing the highest accuracies were shifted mesially, no differences were found between the angles of -10 degrees and 20 degrees . The relationship between the roots and the furcation area was relevant to the range of angulations showing high detectabilities. CONCLUSIONS: The angulations traditionally used for detecting proximal caries are also suitable for detecting furcation defects.
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Tomografía Computarizada de Haz Cónico , Defectos de Furcación/diagnóstico por imagen , Diente Molar/diagnóstico por imagen , Radiografía Dental/métodos , Adulto , Cadáver , Humanos , Mandíbula , Curva ROCRESUMEN
Based on ab initio total energy calculation, we show that a dynamic ad-dimer twisting assisted (DATA) process plays a crucial role in facilitating a novel structural reconstruction involving surface and subsurface atoms on Si(001). It leads to self-assembly of long nanowires of group-V elements (Bi, Sb) in the trenches of surface dimer vacancy lines (DVLs) with a characteristic double-dimer configuration. The key to this is the lowering of the kinetic barrier by the DATA process in conjunction with a favorable interaction between ad-dimers and step edges in DVLs. The present results provide an excellent account for experimental observations and reveal the atomistic origin and the dynamic transformation path for nanowire self-assembly on Si(001).
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Acute parotitis occasionally spreads rapidly down the neck with severe symptoms of swelling and pain. However, the inflammatory course of parotitis with extraglandular spread has seldom been described. On CT images, we have noticed a unique area just below the parotid gland that is surrounded by the platysma muscle and the superficial layer of the deep cervical fascia (DCF). In this case report, we describe the CT imaging features of acute parotitis, focusing on this area.
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Músculos del Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Parotiditis/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto , Femenino , Humanos , RadiografíaRESUMEN
The aims of this study were to determine the pathways of odontogenic infection spread into the submandibular space and their relationship to the clinical symptoms. Computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images of 33 patients with submandibular involvement were analyzed. The spread of infection was evaluated by lateral asymmetry of the shape and density of the fascial spaces and tissues, and by obliteration of the interfascial fat spaces. Imaging findings were classified into three types: in 19 patients (57.6%), infection spread through the mylohyoid muscle or sublingual space (type I). In five patients (15.2%), infection spread through the bony structures of the mandible with periosteal reaction or perforation of the cortical plate (type II) and was associated with relatively mild symptoms. In four patients (12.1%), infection spread from the masticatory space (type III). Seven of 11 patients with dysphagia or fever showed submandibular involvement spreading into the parapharyngeal space. CT and MR imaging clearly demonstrated different pathways of the spread of odontogenic infection into the submandibular space, which influenced the manifestation of clinical symptoms.
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Infección Focal Dental/clasificación , Infección Focal Dental/patología , Enfermedades Mandibulares/patología , Músculos del Cuello/patología , Cuello/patología , Tejido Adiposo/diagnóstico por imagen , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Trastornos de Deglución/etiología , Fascia/diagnóstico por imagen , Fascia/patología , Femenino , Infección Focal Dental/complicaciones , Infección Focal Dental/diagnóstico por imagen , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Enfermedades Mandibulares/complicaciones , Enfermedades Mandibulares/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Masetero/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculo Masetero/patología , Suelo de la Boca/diagnóstico por imagen , Suelo de la Boca/patología , Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Músculos del Cuello/diagnóstico por imagen , Periostitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Periostitis/patología , Faringe/diagnóstico por imagen , Faringe/patología , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Trismo/etiologíaAsunto(s)
Malformaciones Arteriovenosas/complicaciones , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/etiología , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/etiología , Páncreas/irrigación sanguínea , Várices Esofágicas y Gástricas/terapia , Hemorragia Gastrointestinal/terapia , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , EscleroterapiaRESUMEN
A 67-year-old male diagnosed as having inoperable advanced hepatocellular carcinoma with portal invasion was able to undergo resection after continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and cisplatin (CDDP). These were continuously administered for 24 hours at doses of 5-FU of 250 mg and CDDP of 5 mg/day, from day 1 to day 5 in a week, repeated 6 times. In additions to the reductions of the levels of AFP and PIVKA-II from 212.6 ng/ml and 16,100 mAU/ml to 11.8 ng/ml and 12 mAU/ml, respectively, the volume of the tumor and the portal invasion were diminished remarkably. As a result, a left extended hepatectomy could be performed. No sign of recurrence was seen during 16 months of follow-up after the operation. Given the above results, continuous intra-arterial chemotherapy with 5-FU and CDDP therapy may be effective for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/terapia , Cisplatino/administración & dosificación , Fluorouracilo/administración & dosificación , Neoplasias Hepáticas/terapia , Anciano , Terapia Combinada , Hepatitis C Crónica/complicaciones , Humanos , Infusiones Intraarteriales , Masculino , Invasividad Neoplásica , Células Neoplásicas Circulantes/patología , Sistema Porta/patologíaRESUMEN
Keloid is a dermal fibrotic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of mainly type I collagen in extracellular matrix of the dermis. We have studied the expression levels of collagen types I and III, and its molecular chaperone HSP47 in keloid lesions and surrounding unaffected skin using Northern and Western blotting and immunohistochemical analyses. Collagen types I and III mRNA levels were found to be upregulated 20-fold in keloid tissues, contradicting previous reports of nearly normal type III collagen levels in this disease. HSP47 expression in keloid lesions was also highly upregulated; eightfold at mRNA level and more than 16-fold at the protein level. Strong upregulation of these three proteins in keloid was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining. These results suggest that accumulation of both type I and type III collagen is important for the development of keloid lesions, and that HSP47 plays a role in the rapid and extensive synthesis of collagen in keloid tissues.
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Colágeno/genética , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/genética , Queloide/genética , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Colágeno/análisis , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Proteínas del Choque Térmico HSP47 , Proteínas de Choque Térmico/análisis , Humanos , Inmunohistoquímica , Queloide/metabolismo , Queloide/patología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Regulación hacia ArribaRESUMEN
The precise role of vasopressin in the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease is controversial, but this peptide hormone is important for several reasons. Firstly, circulating concentrations of vasopressin are elevated in heart failure and some forms of hypertension. Secondly, there is evidence that vasopressin is synthesized not only in the hypophysial-pituitary axis but also in peripheral tissues including the heart where it acts as a paracrine hormone. Thirdly, vasopressin has vasoconstrictor, mitogenic, hyperplastic and renal fluid retaining properties which, by analogy with angiotensin II, may have deleterious effects when present in chronic excess. Finally, the availability of orally active non-peptide vasopressin receptor antagonists allows vasopressin receptor antagonism to be considered as a therapeutic option in cardiovascular disease.
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Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas , Benzazepinas/uso terapéutico , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Receptores de Vasopresinas/fisiología , Insuficiencia Cardíaca/fisiopatología , Humanos , Hipertensión/fisiopatología , Morfolinas/uso terapéutico , Compuestos de Espiro/uso terapéutico , TolvaptánRESUMEN
Gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in patients with acute head injury was conducted to study if contrast extravasation was associated with development of hemorrhagic lesions. A series of 60 head-injured patients were admitted to our emergency unit. Computerized tomography (CT) scans and skull x-ray films were taken as rapidly as possible after hospitalization. Injury severity on admission was evaluated using the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, motor score, and pupillary examination, while overall outcome was assessed with the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) 3 months after injury. Of all patients admitted, MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement was performed in 18 patients who were at high risk of developing hemorrhagic lesion within 6 h after injury. In these patients we investigated whether contrast extravasation was associated with development of hemorrhagic lesions. All 18 patients presented abnormal findings on their admission CT scans. Admission GCS score in those patients who underwent MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement was 13 or more in 12 patients, 9-12 in four patients, and 8 or less in two patients. Fourteen of 18 patients showed contrast extravasation, corresponding with an evolution of lesion size. Nine of 14 patients who demonstrated extravasation of the contrast medium required surgical treatment. The results of the current study suggest that extravasation of contrast medium indicates a continuance of posttraumatic bleeding. Thus, MR imaging with gadolinium enhancement in acutely head-injured patients may constitute a reasonable strategy for predicting the development of hemorrhagic lesions.
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Encéfalo/patología , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/diagnóstico , Extravasación de Materiales Terapéuticos y Diagnósticos , Gadolinio DTPA , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Hemorragia Cerebral/diagnóstico , Hemorragia Cerebral/epidemiología , Hemorragia Cerebral/etiología , Medios de Contraste , Traumatismos Craneocerebrales/diagnóstico por imagen , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Escala de Coma de Glasgow , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Factores de Riesgo , Factores de Tiempo , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
We report the case of an elderly male with asymptomatic primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) who developed a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The 89-year-old man, who was otherwise healthy, was admitted for investigation of mild hepatic dysfunction, which had been detected during a routine physical check-up. Serum chemistry, positive anti-mitochondrial antibody (M2) and liver biopsy results led to a diagnosis of PBC. Three years later, at age 92, computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound scans of his abdomen revealed a large hepatic tumour, which was confirmed on liver biopsy to be HCC. The tumour ruptured 3 months after diagnosis and the patient was successfully stabilized by coil embolization of his right hepatic artery. We believe that, to date, this is the oldest reported patient to have had interventional radiology for the management of HCC.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular/diagnóstico , Cirrosis Hepática Biliar/complicaciones , Neoplasias Hepáticas/diagnóstico , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Resultado Fatal , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos XRESUMEN
A 71-year-old woman, who had undergone laparoscopic cholecystectomy 1 year previously at our hospital, presented with abdominal pain, high fever, and jaundice. She was diagnosed with choledochal stenosis caused by migration of the clips that were used at the previous operation. At reoperation, the common bile duct was successfully dissected, including the stenotic site, where a metal clip was found to be penetrating the duct wall. The stenotic site was sufficiently resected, when a black-brown gallstone was found proximally to the stenosis. Interestingly, the stone was found to contain two metal clips, which were considered to have migrated into the bile duct and to have acted as a nidus for stone formation. The common bile duct was reconstructed by direct end-to-end anastomosis. Surgeons must exercise caution in the use of metal clips, keeping in mind the potential risk of clip migration.
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Conducto Colédoco/patología , Migración de Cuerpo Extraño/complicaciones , Cálculos Biliares/etiología , Instrumentos Quirúrgicos , Anciano , Colecistectomía Laparoscópica/instrumentación , Constricción Patológica , Femenino , HumanosRESUMEN
When placing osseointegrated dental implants, the site, angulation and depth of implants can be designed using a computed tomography (CT) or conventional X-ray tomography. To correctly identify placement pre-surgically, various kinds of surgical templates have been proposed. Although it is thought to be important to use templates, no material has been published on their accuracy. The purpose of this study was to propose a method for evaluating the placement accuracy using a specific surgical template. Twenty-one implants were evaluated in 6 patients with mean age of 50.7 years. All implants were implanted by two step surgery in the posterior mandible. A surgical template based on the CT images and the abutment replica on the working models were used for the evaluation of the accuracy of implant placement. The difference between the proposed and actual directions was measured by a milling machine. The difference in the angles between the proposed direction and actual direction were from 0.5 degrees to 14.5 degrees. The average was 5.0 degrees, and there were 12 implants (57%) within 5.0 degrees. This study demonstrated the accuracy of the template described in this article.
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Implantación Dental Endoósea/métodos , Modelos Anatómicos , Implantación Dental Endoósea/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Arcada Edéntula/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Mandíbula/diagnóstico por imagen , Mandíbula/cirugía , Persona de Mediana Edad , Planificación de Atención al Paciente , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Stents , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
The present study examined the role of intrarenal bradykinin in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI)-induced dilation of renal afferent (AFF) and efferent arterioles (EFF) in vivo, and further evaluated whether ACEI-stimulated bradykinin activity differed in superficial (SP) and juxtamedullary nephrons (JM). Arterioles of canine kidneys were visualized with an intravital charge-coupled device camera microscope. E4177 (an angiotensin receptor antagonist, 30 microg/kg) dilated AFF and EFF in SP (15 +/- 3% and 19 +/- 5%) and JM (15 +/- 3% and 18 +/- 4%). Subsequently, cilazaprilat (30 microg/kg) caused further dilation of both AFF (29 +/- 4%) and EFF (36 +/- 4%) in JM, whereas in SP it dilated only EFF (29 +/-3%). Similarly, in the presence of E4177, cilazaprilat caused further increases in sodium excretion. This cilazaprilat-induced vasodilation and natriuresis was abolished by a bradykinin antagonist (N(alpha)-adamantaneacetyl-D-Arg-[Hyp3,Thi5,8,D-Phe7]b radykinin). In parallel with these results, cilazaprilat increased renal bradykinin content, more greatly in the medulla than in the cortex (5.7 +/- 0.4 versus 4.6 +/- 0.1 ng/g). Similarly, cilazaprilat elicited greater bradykinin-dependent increases of nitrite/nitrate in the medulla. In conclusion, zonal heterogeneity in renal bradykinin/nitric oxide levels and segmental differences in reactivity to bradykinin contribute to the diverse responsiveness of renal AFF and EFF to ACEI. ACEI-enhanced kinin action would participate in the amelioration of glomerular hemodynamics and renal sodium excretion by ACEI.
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Inhibidores de la Enzima Convertidora de Angiotensina/farmacología , Bradiquinina/fisiología , Circulación Renal/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Cilazapril/análogos & derivados , Cilazapril/farmacología , Perros , Imidazoles/farmacología , Masculino , Microcirculación/efectos de los fármacos , Óxido Nítrico/fisiología , Piridinas/farmacología , Receptores de Angiotensina/fisiología , Vasodilatación/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
This paper reports the in vitro and in vivo characterisation of a nonpeptide, orally active, vasopressin V(1A) and V(2) receptor antagonist, YM087 (methyl-1,4,5,6-tetrahydroimidazo[4, 5-d][1]benzoazepine-6-carbonyl)-2-phenylbenzanilide monohydrochloride) in the rat. YM087 dose dependently displaced the vasopressin V(1A) receptor antagonist radioligand, 125I-labelled [d(CH(2))(5),sarcosine(7)]vasopressin at vasopressin V(1A) receptors in liver and kidney medulla membranes and caused a concentration dependent displacement of the vasopressin V(2) receptor antagonist radioligand [3H]desGly-NH(2)(9)[d(CH(2))(5), D-Ile(2), Ile(4)]vasopressin at vasopressin V(2) receptors in kidney medulla membranes. In vitro binding kinetic studies showed YM087 acted as a competitive antagonist at liver V(1A) and kidney V(1A) and V(2) vasopressin receptors. Oral administration of YM087 (0.1-3 mg/kg) dose dependently inhibited vasopressin binding to liver V(1A) and kidney V(1A) and V(2) vasopressin receptors over 24 h. Oral YM087 (1-3 mg/kg/day) for 7 days in normotensive rats caused a dose dependent aquaresis with no effect on systolic blood pressure. These results show that YM087 is an orally effective vasopressin V(1A) and V(2) receptor antagonist that may be useful in the treatment of conditions characterised by vasoconstriction and fluid retention such as congestive heart failure.
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Antagonistas de los Receptores de Hormonas Antidiuréticas , Benzazepinas/farmacología , Administración Oral , Animales , Benzazepinas/metabolismo , Unión Competitiva/efectos de los fármacos , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Radioisótopos de Yodo , Riñón/efectos de los fármacos , Riñón/metabolismo , Cinética , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Membranas/efectos de los fármacos , Membranas/metabolismo , Ensayo de Unión Radioligante , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Sodio/sangre , Sodio/orina , Sístole , Micción/efectos de los fármacos , Vasopresinas/metabolismoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the subjective quality of Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) compressed images of intraoral radiographs with file sizes of 30 kilobytes or less, which can be transmitted quickly on the World Wide Web. STUDY DESIGN: Conventional intraoral radiographs were digitized at sampling rates of 100, 200, 300, 400, and 600 dots per inch through use of a flatbed scanner and saved in JPEG format in 11 compression degrees. Fifty-five combinations of sampling rate and compression degree were evaluated by means of a visual analog scale. Sampling rate and compression degree combinations whose quality was inferior to that of an average image were excluded. The quality of the remaining combinations was subsequently evaluated through assessment of 8 anatomical features in each image. RESULTS: Forty of the 55 combinations provided a file size less than 30 kilobytes. Thirty combinations obtained VAS scores of 0 or higher on the standardized VAS. As a result, 16 combinations of sampling and compression conditions were selected for the second part of the study. Only one combination of sampling rate and compression degree was found to provide sufficient image quality for all 8 anatomical features. CONCLUSIONS: Under the file size limit of the study design, the full-sized compressed image of an intraoral radiograph did not always provide sufficient quality. This problem will be reduced by improvements in telecommunications infrastructure, which will permit faster transfer of files of larger size.
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Procesamiento de Imagen Asistido por Computador/normas , Internet , Radiografía Dental , Sistemas de Información Radiológica/normas , Algoritmos , Registros Odontológicos , Humanos , Control de Calidad , Intensificación de Imagen Radiográfica/normas , Estándares de Referencia , Validación de Programas de ComputaciónRESUMEN
A series of 19 cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma (SCT) with follow-up of 5 to 25 years is presented. Twelve patients were neonates, age 0 to 26 days (5 immature teratomas and 7 mature teratomas, representing 3, 6, 2, and 1 Altman's type I, II, III, and IV tumors, respectively), four were infants, age 1 to 6 months (all mature teratomas, representing 1, 1, and 2 Altman's type I, II, and IV tumors), and 3 were children, age 1 to 4 years (all malignant teratomas, all Altman's IV tumors). Eight babies were delivered by elective caesarean section (CS). Though the mean gestational age at CS was 34.3 weeks in our series, we now believe that CS often must be performed earlier, depending on a tumor size or fetal condition. Eleven neonates and 4 infants were operated upon using a sacral approach in 10 and an abdominosacral approach in 5, and all survived. However, 4 patients had neurogenic bladder and were treated by urinary catheterization or vesicostomy for 2 to 5 years after surgery. Postoperative urogenital sequelae are seen in patients with a large tumor, urethral compression, urinary retention, or edema of the lower body. Malignant tumors usually had metastasized by the time of diagnosis, but the prognosis for outcome has been improved following surgery and combination chemotherapy.
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Cóccix/cirugía , Sacro/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/cirugía , Teratoma/cirugía , Adolescente , Adulto , Cesárea , Quimioterapia Adyuvante , Niño , Preescolar , Terapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/etiología , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Columna Vertebral/patología , Teratoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Teratoma/patología , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
Pressure control of renin secretion involves a complex integration of shear stress, stretch, and transmural pressure (TP). This study was designed to delineate TP control of renin secretion with minimal influence of shear stress or stretch and to determine its mechanism. Rat juxtaglomerular (JG) cells were applied to a TP-loading apparatus for 12 h. In cells conditioned with atmospheric pressure or atmospheric pressure + 40 mmHg, renin secretion rate (RSR) averaged 29.6 +/- 3.7 and 14.5 +/- 3.3% (P < 0.05, n = 8 cultures), respectively, and active renin content (ARC) averaged 47.3 +/- 4.6 and 38.4 +/- 3.4 ng of ANG I. h(-1). million cells(-1) (P < 0.05, n = 10 cultures), respectively. Total renin content and renin mRNA levels were unaffected by TP. The TP-induced decrease in RSR was prevented by Ca(2+)-free medium and the Ca(2+) channel blocker verapamil and was attenuated by thapsigargin and caffeine, which deplete intracellular Ca(2+) stores. Thapsigargin and caffeine, but not Ca(2+)-free medium or verapamil, prevented TP-induced decreases in ARC. The adenylate cyclase activator forskolin did not modulate TP-induced decreases in RSR or ARC. These findings suggest that TP not only stimulates Ca(2+) influx but also inhibits prorenin processing through an intracellular Ca(2+) store-dependent mechanism and thus inhibits active renin secretion by JG cells.
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Precursores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Aparato Yuxtaglomerular/citología , Aparato Yuxtaglomerular/metabolismo , Renina/metabolismo , Animales , Cafeína/farmacología , Bloqueadores de los Canales de Calcio/farmacología , Células Cultivadas , Colforsina/farmacología , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Masculino , Presión , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Tapsigargina/farmacología , Verapamilo/farmacologíaRESUMEN
After allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (allo-BMT), recipient alveolar macrophages (AM) are gradually replaced by AM of the donor origin. An influx of mononuclear phagocytes of donor origin to the lung is responsible for the repopulation, but the detailed kinetics remain unclear. We therefore studied 24 BMT recipients who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from 24 to 83 days after BMT. AM cell number, size, morphology, proliferating ability, and genotype of AM were measured. Before day 50, the number and size of AM in BAL fluid were similar to those of normal nonsmokers. However, after day 50, the mean number of AM increased threefold and the mean cell size decreased due to the increase of small AM. These small cells are presumably of donor origin based on DNA fingerprinting analysis and based on fluorescence in situ hybridization for the Y chromosome in a sex-mismatched case. Immunohistochemistry and cell cycle analysis demonstrated that the increase in AM number coincided with a remarkable increase of AM expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen, suggesting that small AM are proliferating. This is the first report representing that augmented proliferation of donor AM in situ may contribute to the reconstitution of AM population after BMT.