Association of Dietary Behaviors with Poor Sleep Quality and Increased Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea in Korean Military Service Members.

Purpose: Sleep quality among military service members is important for enhancing their capabilities and preventing psychiatric problems. We aimed to explore the association of dietary behaviors with poor sleep quality and increased risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in military men on active duty. Patients and Methods: A large-scale multi-site cross-sectional survey was conducted in five units of the Republic of Korea's army. Poor sleep quality and increased risk of OSA were defined using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and Berlin Questionnaire, respectively. Information on dietary behaviors, including the frequency of skipping breakfast, eating snacks, consuming a night meal, and overeating, were collected. Results: From August 2021 to September 2021, 4389 male respondents, mean age (20.8 ± 1.3 years), completed the survey; 2579 (58.8%) were assessed as having poor sleep quality, and 614 (14.0%) increased risk of OSA. After adjusting for lifestyle and occupational covariates, skipping breakfast 1-2 times weekly was associated with an increased likelihood of experiencing poor sleep quality, compared with not skipping breakfast (odds ratio: 1.23 [95% CI 1.02-1.47]). Eating night meals 5-6 times weekly was also associated with poor sleep quality (odds ratio: 5.54 [95% CI 2.49-14.18]). In addition, skipping breakfast daily (odds ratio: 2.28 [95% CI 1.27-4.03]) and eating night meals daily (odds ratio: 2.30 [95% CI 1.21-4.22]) were related to an increased risk of OSA. Conclusion: Dietary behaviors appear to be related to poor sleep quality and a high risk of OSA. To improve sleep quality, dietary factors could be considered when promoting health programs for military personnel in further research.

Herbal medicine Yukgunja-tang for functional dyspepsia protocol for a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent dyspeptic symptoms. Yukgunja-tang (YGT) is a traditional herbal formula that has been used for treating FD. This systematic review protocol aims to provide a guideline for investigating the efficacy and safety of YGT in the treatment of FD. METHODS: The following databases will be searched from their inception until July 2018: Medline (via PubMed), EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Allied and Complementary Medicine Database (AMED), KoreaMed, National Digital Science Library (NDSL), Korean Medical Database (KMbase), Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System (OASIS), Korean Studies information Service System (KISS), China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), and Citation Information by Nii (CiNii). Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that used YGT or modified YGT for treating FD will be included. The control groups in these RCTs will include placebo, no-treatment waiting, and conventional western medicine groups. Trials testing YGT as an adjunct to western medicine for synergistic effect will also be included. The main outcome will be the total clinical efficacy rate. Data extraction and risk of bias assessment will be performed by two independent assessors. RevMan V.5.3 will be used for data analysis. RESULTS: This study will provide a high-quality synthesis of current evidence of YGT for FD from several aspects including dyspepsia-related symptoms, quality of life and adverse events. CONCLUSION: The conclusion of our systematic review will provide evidence to judge whether YGT is an effective intervention for patient with FD. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The protocol does not need ethics approval because identifying information of the participants will not be revealed. The systematic review will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and disseminated electronically and in print. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: PROSPERO CRD42018090139.

An Herbal Medicine, Yukgunja-Tang is more Effective in a Type of Functional Dyspepsia Categorized by Facial Shape Diagnosis: A Placebo-Controlled, Double-Blind, Randomized Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by persistent upper dyspeptic symptoms without organic lesions. There is no standard therapy for FD. Yukgunja-tang (YGJT) is an herbal medicine used for treating upper gastrointestinal symptoms in Asia. Studies on the effect of YGJT on FD have been conducted. However, the results were inconsistent. In Hyungsang medicine, traditional Korean medicine, FD patients are classified into bladder body (BB) or gallbladder body (GB) subtypes by the shape and angle of their faces. Each subtype may have different characteristics, physiology, and pathology of the same disease. YGJT is more effective for patients with BB subtype. The three-dimensional facial shape diagnostic system (3-FSDS) was shown to be effective in diagnosing BB or GB subtypes. This study aimed to investigate the effect of YGJT on FD patients classified using the 3-FSDS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The current study was a placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized, two-center trial. Eligible patients were diagnosed with either BB or GB FD subtype using the 3-FSDS. Ninety-six participants (48 BB and 48 GB subtypes) were randomly allocated to treatment or control groups in a 2:1 ratio. YGJT or placebo was administered for eight weeks. The primary outcome was assessed using the total dyspepsia symptom scale (TDS), while the secondary outcomes were assessed using the single dyspepsia symptom scale (SDS), proportion of responders, visual analog scale, Nepean dyspepsia index, functional dyspepsia-related quality of life, and spleen qi deficiency questionnaire. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: The result of TDS showed the superior effect of YGJT on BB over GB subtype. The subgroup analysis of TDS and SDS scores showed the superior effect of YGJT over placebo. Other outcome variables did not show any significant differences between groups. CONCLUSION: YGJT may be considered for FD patients diagnosed with BB subtype using 3-FSDS.