RESUMEN
This study describes a novel series of UDP-N-acetylglucosamine acyltransferase (LpxA) inhibitors that was identified through affinity-mediated selection from a DNA-encoded compound library. The original hit was a selective inhibitor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa LpxA with no activity against Escherichia coli LpxA. The biochemical potency of the series was optimized through an X-ray crystallography-supported medicinal chemistry program, resulting in compounds with nanomolar activity against P. aeruginosa LpxA (best half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) <5 nM) and cellular activity against P. aeruginosa (best minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 µg/mL). Lack of activity against E. coli was maintained (IC50 > 20 µM and MIC > 128 µg/mL). The mode of action of analogues was confirmed through genetic analyses. As expected, compounds were active against multidrug-resistant isolates. Further optimization of pharmacokinetics is needed before efficacy studies in mouse infection models can be attempted. To our knowledge, this is the first reported LpxA inhibitor series with selective activity against P. aeruginosa.
Asunto(s)
Aciltransferasas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/farmacología , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efectos de los fármacos , Antibacterianos/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/efectos de los fármacos , Inhibidores Enzimáticos/química , Escherichia coli/enzimología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and evolution of a novel series of oxadiazole-containing 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein (FLAP) inhibitors are described. The use of structure-guided drug design techniques provided compounds that demonstrated excellent FLAP binding potency (IC50 < 10 nM) and potent inhibition of LTB4 synthesis in human whole blood (IC50 < 100 nM). Optimization of binding and functional potencies, as well as physicochemical properties resulted in the identification of compound 69 (BI 665915) that demonstrated an excellent cross-species drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics (DMPK) profile and was predicted to have low human clearance. In addition, 69 was predicted to have a low risk for potential drug-drug interactions due to its cytochrome P450 3A4 profile. In a murine ex vivo whole blood study, 69 demonstrated a linear dose-exposure relationship and a dose-dependent inhibition of LTB4 production.
Asunto(s)
Acetamidas/farmacología , Araquidonato 5-Lipooxigenasa/metabolismo , Descubrimiento de Drogas , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/farmacología , Oxadiazoles/farmacología , Acetamidas/síntesis química , Acetamidas/química , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Humanos , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/síntesis química , Inhibidores de la Lipooxigenasa/química , Modelos Moleculares , Conformación Molecular , Oxadiazoles/síntesis química , Oxadiazoles/química , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
The concomitant use of silver oxide and catalytic amount of TBAF allowed the efficient and chemoselective coupling of readily available 4-chloro- and 4-methyl-2-trimethyl-silyl-pyridines with heteroaromatic and aromatic halides. Based on control experiments, a mechanism involving the formation of a pyridylsilver intermediate and TBAF recycling is postulated.
Asunto(s)
Óxidos/química , Piridinas/química , Compuestos de Amonio Cuaternario/química , Compuestos de Plata/química , Compuestos Alílicos/química , Catálisis , Reactivos de Enlaces Cruzados/química , Estructura MolecularRESUMEN
We have been exploring the potential of 5-HT(2B) antagonists as a therapy for chronic heart failure. To assess the potential of this therapeutic approach, we sought compounds possessing the following attributes: (a) potent and selective antagonism of the 5-HT(2B) receptor, (b) low impact of serum proteins on potency, and (c) desirable pharmacokinetic properties. This Letter describes our investigation of a biphenyl benzimidazole class of compounds that resulted in 5-HT(2B) antagonists possessing the above attributes. Improving potency in a human serum albumin shift assay proved to be the most significant SAR discovery.
Asunto(s)
Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2B/metabolismo , Antagonistas del Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2 , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/química , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/farmacocinética , Animales , Sitios de Unión , Masculino , Relación Estructura-Actividad Cuantitativa , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Ratas Wistar , Receptor de Serotonina 5-HT2B/química , Antagonistas de la Serotonina/clasificaciónRESUMEN
The lymphocyte-specific kinase (Lck) is a cytoplasmic tyrosine kinase of the Src family expressed in T cells and NK cells. Genetic evidence in both mice and humans demonstrates that Lck kinase activity is critical for signaling mediated by the T cell receptor (TCR), which leads to normal T cell development and activation. A small molecule inhibitor of Lck is expected to be useful in the treatment of T cell-mediated autoimmune and inflammatory disorders and/or organ transplant rejection. In this paper, we describe the synthesis, structure-activity relationships, and pharmacological characterization of 2-aminopyrimidine carbamates, a new class of compounds with potent and selective inhibition of Lck. The most promising compound of this series, 2,6-dimethylphenyl 2-((3,5-bis(methyloxy)-4-((3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl)oxy)phenyl)amino)-4-pyrimidinyl(2,4-bis(methyloxy)phenyl)carbamate (43) exhibits good activity when evaluated in in vitro assays and in an in vivo model of T cell activation.