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Love is a phenomenon that occurs across the world and affects many aspects of human life, including the choice of, and process of bonding with, a romantic partner. Thus, developing a reliable and valid measure of love experiences is crucial. One of the most popular tools to quantify love is Sternberg's 45-item Triangular Love Scale (TLS-45), which measures three love components: intimacy, passion, and commitment. However, our literature review reveals that most studies (64%) use a broad variety of shortened versions of the TLS-45. Here, aiming to achieve scientific consensus and improve the reliability, comparability, and generalizability of results across studies, we developed a short version of the scale-the TLS-15-comprised of 15 items with 5-point, rather than 9-point, response scales. In Study 1 (N = 7,332), we re-analyzed secondary data from a large-scale multinational study that validated the original TLS-45 to establish whether the scale could be truncated. In Study 2 (N = 307), we provided evidence for the three-factor structure of the TLS-15 and its reliability. Study 3 (N = 413) confirmed convergent validity and test-retest stability of the TLS-15. Study 4 (N = 60,311) presented a large-scale validation across 37 linguistic versions of the TLS-15 on a cross-cultural sample spanning every continent of the globe. The overall results provide support for the reliability, validity, and cross-cultural invariance of the TLS-15, which can be used as a measure of love components-either separately or jointly as a three-factor measure.
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Amor , Conducta Sexual , Humanos , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Parejas Sexuales , Lenguaje , Psicometría , Encuestas y CuestionariosRESUMEN
The current study investigates attitudes toward one form of sex for resources: the so-called sugar relationships, which often involve exchanges of resources for sex and/or companionship. The present study examined associations among attitudes toward sugar relationships and relevant variables (e.g., sex, sociosexuality, gender inequality, parasitic exposure) in 69,924 participants across 87 countries. Two self-report measures of Acceptance of Sugar Relationships (ASR) developed for younger companion providers (ASR-YWMS) and older resource providers (ASR-OMWS) were translated into 37 languages. We tested cross-sex and cross-linguistic construct equivalence, cross-cultural invariance in sex differences, and the importance of the hypothetical predictors of ASR. Both measures showed adequate psychometric properties in all languages (except the Persian version of ASR-YWMS). Results partially supported our hypotheses and were consistent with previous theoretical considerations and empirical evidence on human mating. For example, at the individual level, sociosexual orientation, traditional gender roles, and pathogen prevalence were significant predictors of both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS. At the country level, gender inequality and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. However, being a woman negatively predicted the ASR-OMWS, but positively predicted the ASR-YWMS. At country-level, ingroup favoritism and parasite stress positively predicted the ASR-OMWS. Furthermore, significant cross-subregional differences were found in the openness to sugar relationships (both ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS scores) across subregions. Finally, significant differences were found between ASR-YWMS and ASR-OMWS when compared in each subregion. The ASR-YWMS was significantly higher than the ASR-OMWS in all subregions, except for Northern Africa and Western Asia.
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Conducta Sexual , Azúcares , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Relaciones Interpersonales , Caracteres Sexuales , ActitudRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of an instrument to measure the tendency to buy impulsively. A version adapted to Brazil of a Buying Impulsiveness Scale was applied to 1296 Brazilians from all states of the federation, with a mean age of 35.8 years (SD = 12.8). The results indicated a scale with one-factor structure, just like the original instrument, with an adequate index of internal consistency. Positive correlations were found between impulse buying tendency, normative social influence, and traits of impulsiveness of the consumer. The instrument was also able to differentiate people who make shopping lists from those who do not do them, and people who prefer to go shopping alone from those who prefer to buy accompanied by someone else. The evidences found in the study provide support to the use of the instrument for the Brazilian context. (AU)
O objetivo deste estudo foi buscar evidências de validade de um instrumento para aferir a tendência de comprar impulsivamente. Aplicou-se uma versão adaptada para o Brasil de uma escala de compra por impulso em 1.296 brasileiros de todos os estados da federação, média de idade de 35,8 anos (DP = 12,8). Os resultados indicaram uma escala com estrutura unifatorial, tal como o instrumento original, com adequado índice de consistência interna. Foram encontradas correlações positivas entre a tendência de comprar por impulso, a influência social normativa e traços de impulsividade do consumidor. O instrumento também foi capaz de diferenciar pessoas que fazem lista de compras das que não fazem e pessoas que preferem ir às compras sozinhas das que preferem comprar acompanhadas. As evidências encontradas suportam o uso do instrumento para o contexto brasileiro. (AU)
El objetivo de este estudio fue buscar evidencias de validez de un instrumento para medir la tendencia de comprar impulsivamente. Se aplicó una versión adaptada para Brasil de una escala de compra por impulso en 1296 brasileños de todos los estados del país, con promedio de edad de 35,8 años (DP = 12,8). Los resultados indicaron una escala con estructura unifactorial, tal como el instrumento original, con adecuado índice de consistencia interna. Se encontraron correlaciones positiva entre tendencia de comprar por impulso, influencia social normativa y rasgos de impulsividad del consumidor. El instrumento también fue capaz de diferenciar personas que hacen lista de compras de las que no hacen, y personas que prefieren ir de compras solas de las que prefieren ir acompañadas. Las evidencias encontradas apoyan el uso del instrumento en el contexto brasileño. (AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Adulto , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Conducta Compulsiva/psicología , Comportamiento del Consumidor , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Pesquisas sobre gratidão têm se mostrado cada vez mais frequentes, sobretudo, devido às suas relações com o bem-estar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi adaptar e buscar evidências de validade para o Brasil de uma medida de gratidão, o Gratitude Questionnaire. Foram realizados procedimentos controlados de tradução e aplicou-se o instrumento em 916 adultos, média de idade de 37 anos, predominantemente com ensino superior completo. Os resultados revelaram adequação dos dados à estrutura de um fator do instrumento, com adequada consistência interna e itens altamente discriminativos. As correlações entre gratidão e demais variáveis mostraram-se de acordo com o esperado teoricamente: positivas com autoestima, otimismo, satisfação de vida e afeto positivo. A gratidão ainda explicou o bem-estar subjetivo para além dos fatores de personalidade. O instrumento mostrou satisfatórias evidências de validade no contexto brasileiro, contudo, observou-se que ele carece de itens que cubram o espectro mais alto do traço latente. (AU)
Studies on gratitude are becoming increasingly frequent, mainly because of its relationship with well-being. The aim of this study was to adapt an instrument of gratitude, the Gratitude Questionnaire, and to seek evidence of its validity for Brazil. Controlled translation procedures were performed, and the instrument was applied to 916 adults, mean age 37 years, predominantly with higher education level. The results revealed adequacy of the data for a single factor structure of the instrument, with satisfactory reliability, and highly discriminative items. The correlations between gratitude and other variables were as theoretically expected: Positive with self-esteem, optimism, life satisfaction, and positive affect. Gratitude also explained subjective well-being beyond personality factors. The instrument showed satisfactory evidence of validity in the Brazilian context; however, it was observed that it lacks items that cover the higher spectrum of the latent trait. (AU)
Las investigaciones sobre la gratitud han sido cada vez más comunes, especialmente debido a sus relaciones con el bienestar. El objetivo de esta investigación fue adaptar y buscar evidencias de validez de un instrumento de gratitud, el Gratitude Questionnaire, para ser utilizado en Brasil. Se realizaron procedimientos de traducción controlados y se aplicó el instrumento a 916 adultos, con una edad media de 37 años, predominantemente con un nivel de educación superior. Los resultados revelaron la adecuación de los datos a la estructura de un factor del instrumento, con confiabilidad satisfactoria e ítems altamente discriminantes. Las correlaciones entre la gratitud y las demás variables fueron las esperadas: positivas con autoestima, optimismo, satisfacción con la vida, y afecto positivo. La gratitud también explica el bienestar subjetivo más allá de los factores de personalidad. El instrumento presentó satisfactoria evidencia de validez en el contexto brasileño; sin embargo, se observó que carece de elementos que cubran el espectro más alto del rasgo latente. (AU)
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Personalidad , Autoimagen , Bienestar Social/psicología , Reconocimiento en Psicología , Optimismo , Neuroticismo , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Análisis FactorialRESUMEN
[This corrects the article on p. 1199 in vol. 8, PMID: 28785230.].
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[This corrects the article on p. 1106 in vol. 7, PMID: 27551269.].
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OBJECTIVE: Theories about how couples help each other to cope with stress, such as the systemic transactional model of dyadic coping, suggest that the cultural context in which couples live influences how their coping behavior affects their relationship satisfaction. In contrast to the theoretical assumptions, a recent meta-analysis provides evidence that neither culture, nor gender, influences the association between dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction, at least based on their samples of couples living in North America and West Europe. Thus, it is an open questions whether the theoretical assumptions of cultural influences are false or whether cultural influences on couple behavior just occur in cultures outside of the Western world. METHOD: In order to examine the cultural influence, using a sample of married individuals (N = 7973) from 35 nations, we used multilevel modeling to test whether the positive association between dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction varies across nations and whether gender might moderate the association. RESULTS: RESULTS reveal that the association between dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction varies between nations. In addition, results show that in some nations the association is higher for men and in other nations it is higher for women. CONCLUSIONS: Cultural and gender differences across the globe influence how couples' coping behavior affects relationship outcomes. This crucial finding indicates that couple relationship education programs and interventions need to be culturally adapted, as skill trainings such as dyadic coping lead to differential effects on relationship satisfaction based on the culture in which couples live.
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O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar as atividades de pesquisa executadas por pesquisadores em psicologia organizacional e do trabalho no estado de Santa Catarina. Os aspectos considerados foram os fenômenos psicológicos investigados pelos pesquisadores, os tipos de procedimentos e instrumentos empregados com maior freqüência, os grupos estudados, a denominação dada à área pelos pesquisadores e a definição fornecida à mesma. Participaram do estudo 27 pesquisadores vinculados a 13 universidades catarinenses, seja na condição de estudante de pós-graduação ou de docente. Ainda que tenha sido verificado que existe predominância de aspectos comportamentais na psicologia organizacional e do trabalho catarinense, os resultados não deixaram transparecer uma identidade evidente da pesquisa em psicologia organizacional e do trabalho no estado de Santa Catarina. De qualquer forma, é preciso ressaltar o caráter exploratório da investigação (AU)
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Humanos , Femenino , Masculino , Adulto , Notificación de Accidentes del Trabajo , Organización y Administración , Investigadores/psicologíaRESUMEN
O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar as atividades de pesquisa executadas por pesquisadores em psicologia organizacional e do trabalho no estado de Santa Catarina. Os aspectos considerados foram os fenômenos psicológicos investigados pelos pesquisadores, os tipos de procedimentos e instrumentos empregados com maior freqüência, os grupos estudados, a denominação dada à área pelos pesquisadores e a definição fornecida à mesma. Participaram do estudo 27 pesquisadores vinculados a 13 universidades catarinenses, seja na condição de estudante de pós-graduação ou de docente. Ainda que tenha sido verificado que existe predominância de aspectos comportamentais na psicologia organizacional e do trabalho catarinense, os resultados não deixaram transparecer uma identidade evidente da pesquisa em psicologia organizacional e do trabalho no estado de Santa Catarina. De qualquer forma, é preciso ressaltar o caráter exploratório da investigação