Can Probiotics, Particularly Limosilactobacillus fermentum UCO-979C and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus UCO-25A, Be Preventive Alternatives against SARS-CoV-2?

COVID-19, an infection produced by the SARS-CoV-2 virus in humans, has rapidly spread to become a high-mortality pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus characterized by infecting epithelial cells of the intestine and lungs, binding to the ACE2 receptor present on epithelial cells. COVID-19 treatment is based on antivirals and antibiotics against symptomatology in addition to a successful preventive strategy based on vaccination. At this point, several variants of the virus have emerged, altering the effectiveness of treatments and thereby attracting attention to several alternative therapies, including immunobiotics, to cope with the problem. This review, based on articles, patents, and an in silico analysis, aims to address our present knowledge of the COVID-19 disease, its symptomatology, and the possible beneficial effects for patients if probiotics with the characteristics of immunobiotics are used to confront this disease. Moreover, two probiotic strains, L. fermentum UCO-979C and L. rhamnosus UCO-25A, with different effects demonstrated at our laboratory, are emphasized. The point of view of this review highlights the possible benefits of probiotics, particularly those associated with immunomodulation as well as the production of secondary metabolites, and their potential targets during SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Simple mucin-type cancer associated antigens are pre-cancerous biomarkers during 1,2-dimethylhydrazine-induced rat colon carcinogenesis.

The simple mucin-type truncated O-glycans Tn (GalNAc-O-Ser/Thr) and sialyl-Tn (STn) antigens are useful diagnostic markers for human colon cancer. We herein report the characterization of 1,2-dimethylhidrazine (DMH)-induced colon cancer in rats as a new model for the study of aberrant O-glycosylation products during carcinogenesis. Evaluated by immunohistochemistry, both anti-Tn and anti-STn MAbs revealed no staining of normal colonic mucosa. On the contrary, Tn and STn were expressed by the first lesions detected following carcinogen administration (aberrant crypt foci), observing the most intense and uniform pattern in crypts with severe dysplasia. Adenocarcinomas with non-secreting components showed moderately and strong stain, but mucin-secreting carcinomas were mildly stained. The biochemical characterization of soluble Tn glycoproteins from ascitic fluids of rats with colon cancer revealed that Tn is bearing high molecular weight glycoproteins (containing sialic acid and/or GlcNAc and GalNAc), which migrated as two major components (one of approximately 220 kDa and other>500 kDa). Evaluated by CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation and perchloric acid precipitation, it was shown that Tn is carried for mucins. These results indicate that Tn and STn are pre-cancerous biomarkers in colon of rats treated with DMH. This model of rat colon cancer could be useful to study in vivo the temporal sequence of molecular events responsible for the deregulation of O-glycosylation pathways during colon carcinogenesis, and could contribute to improve the evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies based on the utilization of Tn and STn antigens.

Adenoma apendicular: hallazgo histológico / Appendicular adenoma: histological finding

Se presenta una observación de adenoma de apéndice. A propósito de la misma se analiza su baja frecuencia, forma de presentación clínica, y se hace hincapié sobre la patología colónica simultánea

Secuestración tiroidea y Hashimoto / Thyroid sequestration and Hashimoto

Se ha presentado un caso de una entidad infrecuente, como es el nódulo tiroideo secuestrado; se lo define, se hace una breve revisión bibliográfica, resaltando los aspectos diagnósticos diferenciales con otras entidades con las que se puede confundir. Concluyendo que su importancia radica en que dicha confusión, por desconocimiento, puede llevar a errores diagnósticos y terapéuticos de trascendencia

Absceso del psoas: complicación poco frecuente de la enfermedad de Crohn / Psoas abscess: infrequent complication of Crohn's disease

Se presenta un caso de absceso del psoas, complicación poco frecuente de una ileocolitis de Crohn. Se hace una breve revisión de los conceptos etiológicos, anatomopatológicos y terapéuticos de esta enfermedad, resaltando el rol de la cirugía de exéresis, frente a las complicaciones

Linfoma tipo Burkitt: a presentación digestiva multicéntrica predominante / Burkitt type lymphoma: digestive predominant multicenter presentation

Se presenta un caso de linfoma tipo Burkitt a forma predominante digestiva. Resultó excepcional por su histología y tuvo la agresividad característica de este tipo de tumor y localización