Comparison of the Mineral Profile of Two Types of Horse Diet, Silage and Commercial Concentrate, and Their Impacts on Hoof Tensile Strength.

The type of diet that a horse consumes is one of the most important factors determining the mineral profile and tensile strength of its hooves, so the quality and nutritional value of the supplied feed are fundamental to achieving satisfactory hoof quality. The objective of this study was to compare the differences in the mineral concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), zinc (Zn), and Iron (Fe) between two diets, namely silage and a commercial concentrate, using atomic absorption spectrometry and to determine which led to higher increases in the hoof tensile strength of horses consuming these diets. Thirty-two Spanish horses were randomly divided into two groups, where the diet of the horses in group 1 was silage oat hay, and that of the horses in group 2 was a commercial concentrate and oat hay. Both diets were provided for 12 months. The hoof tensile strength was then measured using an Instron universal testing machine. Mg and Fe levels were higher (p < 0.05) in the silage than in the commercial concentrate, and hoof Mg, Zn, K, and tensile strength were also influenced by the hormonal stage (p < 0.05). The type of diet directly affected the hoof Mg, Zn, K, Na, and tensile strength (p < 0.05), which Mg, K and Na were higher in horses fed with concentrate. It was found that for each unit of Zn (µg/g and Na (µg/g)), in the hoof, the tensile strength is affected by −0.10 N/mm2 and −0.003 N/mm2, respectively for each mineral.

Prenatal indole-3-carbinol administration activates aryl hydrocarbon receptor-responsive genes and attenuates lung injury in a bronchopulmonary dysplasia model.

Hyperoxia-hypoxia exposure is a proposed cause of alveolar developmental arrest in bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants, where mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress vulnerability are increased. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is one of the main activators of the antioxidant enzyme system that protects tissues and systems from damage. The present study aimed to determine if the activation of the AhR signaling pathway by prenatal administration of indole-3-carbinol (I3C) protects rat pups from hyperoxia-hypoxia-induced lung injury. To assess the activation of protein-encoding genes related to the AhR signaling pathway (Cyp1a1, Cyp1b1, Ugt1a6, Nqo1, and Gsta1), pup lungs were excised at 0, 24, and 72 h after birth, and mRNA expression levels were quantified by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays (RT-qPCR). An adapted Ratner's method was used in rats to evaluate radial alveolar counts (RACs) and the degree of fibrosis. The results reveal that the relative expression of AhR-related genes in rat pups of prenatally I3C-treated dams was significantly different from that of untreated dams. The RAC was significantly lower in the hyperoxia-hypoxia group (4.0 ± 1.0) than that in the unexposed control group (8.0 ± 2.0; P < 0.01). When rat pups of prenatally I3C-treated dams were exposed to hyperoxia-hypoxia, an RAC recovery was observed, and the fibrosis index was similar to that of the unexposed control group. A cytokine antibody array revealed an increase in the NF-κB signaling cascade in I3C-treated pups, suggesting that the pathway could regulate the inflammatory process under the stimulus of this compound. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that I3C prenatal treatment activates AhR-responsive genes in pup's lungs and hence attenuates lung damage caused by hyperoxia-hypoxia exposure in newborns.

[Body composition assessment before and after weight loss following a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. Are bioimpedanciometry estimations reliable?] / Evaluación de la composicion corporal antes y después de la reducción de peso con baipás gastrico en Y de Roux. ¿Son confiables las mediciones de la bioimpedanciometría?

INTRODUCTION: Introduction: in patients with severe and morbid obesity it has been observed that bioimpedance (BIA) assessment generates an underestimation of fat mass (FM) and weight loss as FM after bariatric surgery, overestimating the loss of fat-free mass (FFM) and muscle mass. Objective: to evaluate the reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate total body water (TBW), fat-free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), and its changes after 6 months of a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP), in patients with severe and morbid obesity. Methods: thirty-six patients approved for RYGBP were prospectively studied. TBW was measured by deuterium (D), and FM and FFM were calculated. A dual-frequency BIA device (5 and 200 kHz) (Bodystat Dualscan®) was used to estimate FM, FFM, TBW, extracellular water (ECW), intracellular water (ICW), and ECW/ICW ratio. Results: before RYGBP, BIA overestimated TBW by 2.6 ± 4.3 L (p = 0.002) and FFM by 3.5 ± 5.7 kg (p = 0.002), and underestimated FM% by 2.98 ± 4.7% (p = 0.002). The ECW/ICW ratio showed a significant and positive correlation with the difference BIA-D for FFM (r = 0.49; p = 0.002). After surgery, the differences between BIA and D were not significant, and the estimation error of FFM did not correlate with the ECW/ICW ratio. Conclusions: BIA generates an underestimation of FM as reported in patients with severe and morbid obesity, which is attenuated after weight reduction, underestimating weight loss as FM and overestimating FFM loss. Future research may assess whether these errors are reproduced by other BIA devices.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: en pacientes con obesidad severa y mórbida se ha observado que la evaluación por bioimpedanciometría (BIA) genera una subestimación de la masa grasa (MG) y del peso perdido como MG después de la cirugía bariátrica, sobreestimándose la pérdida de masa libre de grasa (MLG) y la masa muscular. Objetivo: evaluar la confiabilidad de la BIA para estimar el agua corporal total (ACT), la MLG, la MG y sus cambios después de 6 meses de un baipás gástrico en Y de Roux (BPGYR) en pacientes con obesidad severa y mórbida. Métodos: 36 adultos con indicación de BPGYR se estudiaron prospectivamente. Se midió el ACT por deuterio (D) y se calcularon la MLG y MG. Con BIA de doble frecuencia (5 y 200 kHz) (Bodystat Dualscan®) se estimaron la MG, la MLG, el ACT, el agua extracelular (AEC), el agua intracelular (AIC) y la relación AEC/AIC. Resultados: antes del BPGYR, la BIA sobreestimó el ACT en 2,6 ± 4,3 L (p = 0,002) y la MLG en 3,5 ± 5,7 kg (p = 0,002), y subestimó el %MG en 2,98 ± 4,7% (p = 0,002). La relación AEC/AIC mostró una correlación positiva con la sobreestimación de la MLG por BIA (r = 0,49; p = 0,002). Después de la cirugía, las diferencias entre BIA y D no fueron significativas y el error de estimación de la MLG no se correlacionó con la relación AEC/AIC. Conclusiones: la BIA genera una subestimación de la MG como la reportada, la cual se atenúa después de la reducción de peso, subestimando el peso perdido como MG y sobreestimando la pérdida de MLG. Futuras investigaciones podrán evaluar si estos errores se reproducen con otros equipos de BIA.

[Development and evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Stage to Change in the Reduction of Childhood Overweight Scale (SCROS)]. / Desarrollo y evaluación de las propiedades psicométricas de la escala Etapas de Cambio en la Reducción del Sobrepeso Infantil (ECARSI).

INTRODUCTION: Objectives: the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the psychometric properties of the "Stage of change in the reduction of childhood overweight" scale by means of an exploratory factor analysis, and its reliability. This questionnaire is a new measure to identify the stage of awareness of the problem, and the willingness to change, in parents of children with overweight and obesity, based on the transtheoretical model by Prochaska and DiClemente (1983). Method: the study involved 484 women with school-aged children, of which 65.9 % were classified with obesity, and 34.1 % with overweight. Results: the SCROS psychometric characteristics were assessed, obtaining an internal consistency of 0.789 using Cronbach's alpha with 16 elements (items). By means of the Exploratory Factor Analysis four factors were obtained with eigen values higher than one, which explained 62.89 % of the total variance. The items were grouped in the following dimensions: Preparation (4 items), Precontemplation (4 items), Contemplation (4 items), and Action (4 items). Conclusions: the SCROS is a valid and reliable questionnaire to evaluate the stage in which parents of children with overweight and obesity problems are located, which will allow us to design more suitable interventions for these children and their families.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: el sobrepeso y la obesidad infantil alrededor del mundo siguen en aumento; sin embargo, los padres de niños con sobrepeso y obesidad suelen subestimarlos, por lo cual no se preocupan por los riesgos que se asocian al sobrepeso y la obesidad, lo cual obstaculiza su tratamiento oportuno. Objetivo: el objetivo del presente trabajo fue desarrollar y evaluar las características psicométricas de la escala "Etapas de cambio para la reducción del sobrepeso Infantil" (ECARSI). Método: participaron un total de 484 mujeres con hijos en edad escolar, clasificados con sobrepeso el 34,1 % y con obesidad el 65,9 %, quienes respondieron la escala. Se realizaron análisis de discriminación de ítems y de consistencia interna por medio de la alfa de Cronbach y el análisis factorial exploratorio. Resultados: se obtuvo una consistencia interna, por medio de la alfa de Cronbach, de 0,789 con 16 elementos; el AFE arrojó 4 factores con valores propios mayores de 1, que explican el 62,89 % de la varianza total. Los ítems se agruparon en las siguientes dimensiones: Precontemplación (4 ítems), Contemplación (4 ítems), Preparación (4 ítems) y Acción (4 ítems). Conclusiones: la ECARSI cuenta con adecuados índices de confiabilidad y evidencias de validez para evaluar la etapa de disposición al cambio en que se encuentran los padres de los niños(as) con sobrepeso y obesidad, lo cual permitirá un mejor tamizaje para determinar el tipo de intervención más pertinente para cada niño(a) y su familia.

[Carbohydrate and lipid consumption before a training session changed the fat mass in health-physically active adults: a controlled and randomized clinical trial]. / El consumo de hidratos de carbono y lípidos incluidos en una matriz alimentaria previo a una sesión de entrenamiento modifica la masa grasa en adultos sanos físicamente activos: un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado.

INTRODUCTION: The effect of exercise on fat-acid oxidation depends on its intensity and duration. Pre-training ingest of carbohydrates (CH) decreases the rate of fat oxidation. In contrast, the effect of pre-consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is less known. OBJECTIVE: the aim of this study was to compare the effect of pre-consumption of two isocaloric snacks in a standardized exercise session during a period of nine weeks and to quantify their impact in the fat oxidation and decrease of fat mass in healthy and physically active adults. METHODS: randomized, placebo-control clinical trial study. A total of 19 subjects between 20 and 39 years old were randomly distributed in three groups: CH group, with snack of high content of complex CH; FAT group, with snack of high content of MUFA; and control group, with a minimum fast for three hours before the training session. The measurements were rate of fat oxidation, body composition, and endurance training with continuing and intervallic modalities. RESULTS: the control group showed a tendency to fat mass decrease at the end of the intervention. The fat oxidation of group had a higher tendency than the CH and control group, before and after the intervention. Nevertheless, statistical differences of fat oxidation were not found between the groups. CONCLUSIONS: the fat oxidation and the decrease of fat mass may not be influenced by the type of food previously consumed before exercise.

Introducción: el efecto del ejercicio sobre la oxidación de los ácidos grasos depende de la intensidad y la duración. La ingesta de hidratos de carbono (HC) previo a una rutina de entrenamiento disminuye la tasa de oxidación de los ácidos grasos (FATmax). En contraste, el efecto del consumo de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI) es poco concluyente.Objetivos: comparar el efecto de dos colaciones isocalóricas consumidas una hora antes de una sesión de ejercicio físico estandarizado durante nueve semanas sobre FATmax y la disminución de la masa grasa en adultos sanos físicamente activos.Metodología: ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado. Un total de 19 sujetos entre 20 y 39 años fueron distribuidos al azar en tres grupos: grupo HC, con una colación alta en HC complejos; grupo lípidos, con una colación alta en AGMI; y grupo control, con ayuno mínimo de tres horas previo a la sesión de ejercicio. Se realizaron mediciones de FATmax, análisis de composición corporal y entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica, con modalidades continuas e interválicas.Resultados: el grupo control mostró una tendencia a la disminución de masa grasa después de nueve semanas de entrenamiento. El FATmax fue mayor en los grupos HC y control en condiciones de pre y postintervención. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias signifi cativas para FATmax entre los grupos.Conclusiones: el FATmax y la disminución de masa grasa podrían no estar influenciados por el tipo de alimentos previamente consumidos antes del ejercicio.

El consumo de hidratos de carbono y lípidos incluidos en una matriz alimentaria previo a una sesión de entrenamiento modifica la masa grasa en adultos sanos físicamente activos: un ensayo clínico controlado y aleatorizado / Carbohydrate and lipid consumption before a training session changed the fat mass in health-physically active adults: a controlled and randomized clinical trial

Introducción: el efecto del ejercicio sobre la oxidación de los ácidos grasos depende de la intensidad y la duración. La ingesta de hidratos de carbono (HC) previo a una rutina de entrenamiento disminuye la tasa de oxidación de los ácidos grasos (FATmax). En contraste, el efecto del consumo de ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI) es poco concluyente. Objetivos: comparar el efecto de dos colaciones isocalóricas consumidas una hora antes de una sesión de ejercicio físico estandarizado durante nueve semanas sobre FATmax y la disminución de la masa grasa en adultos sanos físicamente activos. Metodología: ensayo clínico aleatorizado controlado. Un total de 19 sujetos entre 20 y 39 años fueron distribuidos al azar en tres grupos: grupo HC, con una colación alta en HC complejos; grupo lípidos, con una colación alta en AGMI; y grupo control, con ayuno mínimo de tres horas previo a la sesión de ejercicio. Se realizaron mediciones de FATmax, análisis de composición corporal y entrenamiento de resistencia aeróbica, con modalidades continuas e interválicas. Resultados: el grupo control mostró una tendencia a la disminución de masa grasa después de nueve semanas de entrenamiento. El FATmax fue mayor en los grupos HC y control en condiciones de pre y postintervención. Sin embargo, no se observaron diferencias significativas para FATmax entre los grupos. Conclusiones: el FATmax y la disminución de masa grasa podrían no estar influenciados por el tipo de alimentos previamente consumidos antes del ejercicio

Introduction: The effect of exercise on fat-acid oxidation depends on its intensity and duration. Pre-training ingest of carbohydrates (CH) decreases the rate of fat oxidation. In contrast, the effect of pre-consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) is less known. Objective: the aim of this study was to compare the effect of pre-consumption of two isocaloric snacks in a standardized exercise session during a period of nine weeks and to quantify their impact in the fat oxidation and decrease of fat mass in healthy and physically active adults. Methods: randomized, placebo-control clinical trial study. A total of 19 subjects between 20 and 39 years old were randomly distributed in three groups: CH group, with snack of high content of complex CH; FAT group, with snack of high content of MUFA; and control group, with a minimum fast for three hours before the training session. The measurements were rate of fat oxidation, body composition, and endurance training with continuing and intervallic modalities. Results: the control group showed a tendency to fat mass decrease at the end of the intervention. The fat oxidation of group had a higher tendency than the CH and control group, before and after the intervention. Nevertheless, statistical differences of fat oxidation were not found between the groups. Conclusions: the fat oxidation and the decrease of fat mass may not be influenced by the type of food previously consumed before exercise

Sinais e sintomas de disfunção temporomandibular em adolescentes e sua associação com o nível socioeconômico familiar e outras variáveis

Justificativa e Objetivos: A adolescência é caracterizada por intensas mudanças físicas, emocionais e sociais, o que pode propiciar a presença de fatores etiológicos e perpetuantes importantes da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM). Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a presença de DTM na adolescência e sua associação com aspectos socioeconômicos e outras variáveis. Métodos: Compuseram a amostra 200 adolescentes de 10 a 19 anos provenientes das clínicas do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade de Araraquara ­ UNIARA e de escolas públicas e particulares do município. O Critério de Classificação Econômica Brasil (ABEP) foi utilizado para a identificação da classe social do adolescente. Para diagnóstico da DTM e da intensidade da dor à palpação usou-se o Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD). O número de problemas psicoemocionais, as áreas de dor extrafacial e o número de hábitos parafuncionais foram verificados por um questionário estruturado de autorrelato. Resultados: Houve associação positiva entre as classes D/E e a presença de DTM dolorosa (p= 0,007, OR=24,8; 95%IC=2,28-269,79), principalmente com disfunções musculares (p=0,003, OR=32,0; 95%IC=2,83-362,01). Os fatores que se expressaram significativamente maiores na presença de DTM dolorosa foram: intensidade de dor à palpação (p=0,000), quantidade de áreas de dor extrafacial (p=0,025) e número de hábitos parafuncionais (p=0,000). A Classe D/E relatou mais áreas de dor que as demais (p=0,049). Conclusão: O nível socioeconômico se associou significativamente à presença de DTM dolorosa, especialmente de origem muscular. O único fator que se expressou significativamente maior nas classes sociais mais baixas foi o número de áreas dolorosas extrafaciais.

Parafunctional habits and its association with the level of physical activity in adolescents / Hábitos parafuncionais e sua associação com o nível de atividade física em adolescentes

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Physical activities are considered beneficial to reduce daily stress. If not eliminated, stress is able to promote large increases in muscle tension, hypertension, asthma, heart arrhythmia and the development of parafunctions. Then, the aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the presence of parafunctional habits and the practice of physical activity in adolescence. METHODS: The sample comprised of 200 adolescents, boys and girls, from 10 to 19 years old, recruited from the clinics of the Dentistry Course of the University of Araraquara or from public and private schools from the city. The presence of parafunctional oral habits, daytime teeth clenching, and sleep bruxism was obtained through a self-report questionnaire (yes/no). The individuals answered a questionnaire to identify the practice of physical activity according to the instrument adopted in the National School Health Survey (PeNSE - 2012). For the associations, subjects were divided according to the practice of physical activity into active (>300 minutes of activity in the week) or inactive (≤300 minutes of activity in the week). RESULTS: It was observed that boys practiced more physical activity and for a longer period when compared to girls. However, the practice of exercises did not present a significant association with the presence, quantity or type of the oral parafunction (p>0.05). CONCLUSION: The level of physical activity is not associated with oral parafunction nor with extrafacial pain areas.

RESUMO JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A prática de atividades físicas é considerada uma forma benéfica de redução de estresse diário. Quando não eliminado, o estresse é capaz de promover grande aumento de tensão muscular, hipertensão, asma, arritmias cardíacas e desenvolvimento de parafunções. Assim, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a associação entre a presença de hábitos parafuncionais e a prática de atividade física na adolescência. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 200 adolescentes, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 10 e 19 anos, recrutados das clínicas do Curso de Odontologia da Universidade de Araraquara ou de escolas públicas e particulares do município. A presença de hábitos parafuncionais orais, apertamento diurno e de bruxismo do sono foram rastreados por meio de um questionário de autorrelato (sim/não). Os indivíduos responderam a um questionário para a identificação da prática de atividade física de acordo com o instrumento adotado na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar (PeNSE - 2012). Para o estudo de associação, os indivíduos foram divididos em relação à prática de atividade física em ativos (>300 minutos de atividade na semana) e inativos (≤300 minutos de atividade na semana). RESULTADOS: Observou-se que os meninos praticavam mais atividade física e por mais tempo quando comparado às meninas, entretanto, a prática de exercícios não apresentou associação significativa com a presença, quantidade ou o tipo de hábito parafuncional, e nem com a presença de dor extrafacial (p>0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O nível de atividade física não se associou à parafunção oral nem com pontos de dor extrafacial.

Histological changes in the proximal suspensory ligament after neurectomy of the deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve of horses with induced proximal suspensory desmitis.

Proximal suspensory desmitis (PSD) is a common cause of lameness in the pelvic limb, but could also affect the thoracic limb of competing and non-competing horses. Most horses diagnosed with PSD in a thoracic limb respond to rest followed by controlled exercise, but in a small percentage of affected horses, lameness persists. In one study, four horses chronically lame because of PSD in a thoracic limb became sound after neurectomy of the deep branch of the lateral palmar nerve (DBLPaN), which innervates the proximal aspect of the suspensory ligament (SL; Guasco et al., 2013). Whether neurectomy of the DBLPaN results in changes in the SL that might predispose the horse to re-injury is not known. The aim of this study was to describe the findings observed during quantitative lameness evaluation, gross and histological examination of the proximal portion of the suspensory ligament (SL) of the thoracic limbs of eight horses after neurectomy of the DBLPaN performed after inducing unilateral PSD by injecting collagenase into the proximal portion of the SL. The clinical response to neurectomy was resolution of lameness in all horses. Muscle fibers of the denervated ligaments presented atrophy and were infiltrated with fat and connective tissue, thereby reducing the strength and elasticity of the ligament.

Marcado con 99m de liposomas convencionales y su evaluación biológica / 99mTc-labeling and biological evaluation of conventional liposomes

Introducción. Los liposomas son sistemas supramoleculares autoensamblables preparados ad hoc, compuestos de fosfolípidos y colesterol, diseñados para transporte de fármacos o radionucleidos. El 99mTc es el radionucleido más empleado por sus propiedades físicas apropiadas para la adquisición de imágenes y estudios en pacientes en el área de medicina nuclear (emisor gamma puro con E = 140 KeV , t1/2 = 6 horas). Objetivo. Evaluar la potencialidad de liposomas convencionales marcados con 99mTc como agente de diagnóstico de procesos tumorales. Método. La composición estudiada es: fosfatidilcolina, dioleilfosfatidiletanolamina y colesterol (1.1:0.4:1 relación molar). Se utilizó como agente reductor SnF2, en diferentes cantidades para optimizar el marcado. La pureza radioquímica y eficiencia de marcado se evaluaron con sistemas cromatográficos ITLC-SG FM NaCl 0,9 por ciento, ITLC-SG FM Piridina:ácido acético:agua (3:5:1.5 v/v). Se adquirieron imágenes a 1 h post inyección de los liposomas en ratones sanos y portadores de tumor mamario espontáneo. Resultados. El liposoma marcado mostró estabilidad durante 24 h, siendo la cantidad óptima de reductor 138 ug. La mejor captación en tumor fue a 1 h post administración del radiofármaco en los estudios centellográficos. Conclusiones. El método optimizado permite obtener liposomas marcados con 99mTc en forma sencilla, eficiente y estable. Estos radiofármacos mostraron un comportamiento fiscoquímico y biológico adecuado como agentes de diagnóstico tumoral requiriéndose estudios posteriores para su confirmación.

Background. Liposomes are self-assembled supramolecular systems, composed by phospholipids and cholesterol, designed for the transportation of drugs or radionuclides. Physical properties of 99mTc (pure gamma emitter with E = 140 KeV, t1/2= 6 hours) makes it useful for scintigraphic imaging. Purpose. The goal of this study was to evaluate 99mTc labeled conventional liposomes as potential diagnostic agents for malignant lesions. Methods. The studied liposome composition was hosphatidylcholine: dioleilphosphatidylcholine: cholesterol (1.1:0.4:1molar rate). In order to optimize the labeling, SnF2 was used as reducing agent. Radiochemical purity and labeling efficiency were evaluated using ascending thin layer chromatography. Scintigraphy images were obtained at 1 hour post-injection of labeled liposomes to healthy mice and with spontaneous breast tumors. Results. Labeled liposomes showed stability during 24 hours, being 138 ug the optimal amount of reducing agent for the technique used. Conclusions. The described method allows the production of 99mTc labeled liposomes in a simple, efficient and stable way. The radiopharmaceutical showed a physicochemical and biological behavior that allows its potential use as a tumor imaging agent, although further studies are required to confirm this issue.

Aplicación de métodos modelo-dependiente y modelo-independiente en el desarrollo de una formulación de comprimidos de Captopril / Aplication of dependent and independent models for development of Captopril tablets

El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar una formulación tecnológicamente viable de comprimidos de Captopril 25 mg cuya liberación sea comparable con la del innovador(Capoten®). Para ello se utilizaron como herramientas los perfiles de disolución in vitro. Se diseñaron dos formulaciones (f1 y f2) que contenían dicho ingrediente activo para ser procesadas por el método de compresión directa. En cada caso se evaluaron las características de las mezclas obtenidas como modo de determinar su viabilidad tecnológica, resultando f1 y f2 aptas para la compresión. Para ambas formulaciones, los parámetros fisicoquímicos de los comprimidos se encontraron dentro de especificaciones. Se compararon los perfiles de disolución de f1 y f2con los del innovador en tres medios de diferente pH, aplicando métodos modelo-dependientes e independientes. Los perfiles de disolución in vitro de f2 fueron similares a los del innovador en los medios estudiados; por tanto, f2 presentó una liberación in vitro comparable con Capoten®.

The aim of this work is the development of a technologically viable tablet formulation of Captopril 25 mg tablets with a comparable release with the original (Capoten®). The used tools were in vitro dissolution profiles. Two formulations for direct compression (f1 and f2) containing the active ingredient were designed. The characteristics for both mixtures were studied and technological viability determinated, resulting f1 and f2 suitable for compression. Both tablets formulations presented physicochemical parameters within specifications. Dissolution profiles of f1 and f2 were compared with the original’s using three different pH, model-dependent and model-independent methods were applied for that. The in vitro dissolutionprofiles of f2 were similar to those of the innovator in the studied media, therefore f2 showed a comparable in vitro release with Capoten®.

Linfoma primario de páncreas / Primary Linphoma of pancreas

Los linfomas de páncreas primarios son muy raros, reportamos un caso de un varón de 29 años tratado y diagnosticado en el Hospital Daniel A. Carrión. Presentó como sintomas iniciales ictericia marcada y dolor abdominal. Las imágenes ecográficas y tomográficas muestran masa en cabeza de páncreas por lo que se realizo procedimiento quirúrgico (duodenopancreatectomía). Macroscópicamente presentaba masa bien delimitada de 5 cm de diámetro de color blanquecino. Microscópicamente se evidenció linfocitos atípicos correspondiente a Linfoma difuso de células B grandes, CD20+, CD3-, ACE-, CD45+ sin enfermedad extrapancreática. Se presenta el caso y revisión de la literatura.

Páncreas lymphoma is very rare, we report a 29 years old man, treated at Daniel A. Carrion Hospital. He presented jaudince and abdominal pain . Ecography and tomography showed a mass in páncreas head . the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The final diagnosis was Large B cell diffuse lymphoma. CD 20 +, CD3 -, CD45 + without extrapancreatic disease, ACE -. We report the case and literature review.

[Primary lymphoma of pancreas]. / Linfoma primario de páncreas.

Pcreas lymphoma is very rare, we report a 29 years old man, treated at Daniel A. Carrion Hospital. He presented jaudince and abdominal pain . Ecography and tomography showed a mass in pcreas head . the patient underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The final diagnosis was Large B cell diffuse lymphoma. CD 20 +, CD3 -, CD45 + without extrapancreatic disease, ACE -. We report the case and literature review.