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1.
PLoS Negl Trop Dis ; 18(1): e0011369, 2024 Jan.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38166129

RESUMEN

Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti has become widespread after almost two decades of frequent applications to reduce the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. Because few insecticide classes are available for public health use, insecticide resistance management (IRM) is proposed as a strategy to retain their use. A key hypothesis of IRM assumes that negative fitness is associated with resistance, and when insecticides are removed from use, susceptibility is restored. In Tapachula, Mexico, pyrethroids (PYRs) were used exclusively by dengue control programs for 15 years, thereby contributing to selection for high PYR resistance in mosquitoes and failure in dengue control. In 2013, PYRs were replaced by organophosphates-insecticides from a class with a different mode of action. To test the hypothesis that PYR resistance is reversed in the absence of PYRs, we monitored Ae. aegypti's PYR resistance from 2016 to 2021 in Tapachula. We observed significant declining rates in the lethal concentration 50 (LC50), for permethrin and deltamethrin. For each month following the discontinuation of PYR use by vector control programs, we observed increases in the odds of mosquitoes dying by 1.5% and 8.4% for permethrin and deltamethrin, respectively. Also, knockdown-resistance mutations (kdr) in the voltage-gated sodium channel explained the variation in the permethrin LC50s, whereas variation in the deltamethrin LC50s was only explained by time. This trend was rapidly offset by application of a mixture of neonicotinoid and PYRs by vector control programs. Our results suggest that IRM strategies can be used to reverse PYR resistance in Ae. aegypti; however, long-term commitment by operational and community programs will be required for success.


Asunto(s)
Aedes , Dengue , Insecticidas , Nitrilos , Piretrinas , Animales , Humanos , Insecticidas/farmacología , Permetrina , Aedes/genética , México , Estudios Longitudinales , Mosquitos Vectores/genética , Mutación , Piretrinas/farmacología , Resistencia a los Insecticidas/genética , Dengue/prevención & control
2.
Int J Mol Sci ; 24(13)2023 Jun 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37445712

RESUMEN

The foraging behavior of the infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) relies on host-derived compounds, but in a tri-trophic context, herbivore-induced root volatiles act as signals enhancing the biological control of insect pests by recruiting EPNs. In southern Chile, the EPN Steinernema australe exhibits the potential to control the raspberry weevil, Aegorhinus superciliosus, a key pest of blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum. However, there is no information on the quality of the blueberry root volatile plume or the S. australe response to these chemicals as putative attractants. Here, we describe the root volatile profile of blueberries and the chemotaxis behavior of S. australe towards the volatiles identified from Vaccinium corymbosum roots, infested or uninfested with A. superciliosus larvae. Among others, we found linalool, α-terpineol, limonene, eucalyptol, 2-carene, 1-nonine, 10-undecyn-1-ol, and methyl salicylate in root volatiles and, depending on the level of the emissions, they were selected for bioassays. In the dose-response tests, S. australe was attracted to all five tested concentrations of methyl salicylate, 1-nonine, α-terpineol, and 2-carene, as well as to 100 µg mL-1 of 10-undecyn-1-ol, 0.1 and 100 µg mL-1 of linalool, and 100 µg mL-1 of limonene, whereas eucalyptol elicited no attraction or repellency. These results suggest that some volatiles released from damaged roots attract S. australe and may have implications for the biocontrol of subterranean pests.


Asunto(s)
Arándanos Azules (Planta) , Rabdítidos , Gorgojos , Animales , Limoneno , Quimiotaxis , Eucaliptol , Larva/fisiología , Gorgojos/fisiología , Control Biológico de Vectores/métodos
3.
Insects ; 14(6)2023 Jun 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37367381

RESUMEN

Tapachula, Mexico, a tropical city, is an endemic area for dengue, in addition to several outbreaks in the last decade with chikungunya and zika. As part of the migratory corridor from Central to North America and the risks of scattered infectious diseases that this implies, the identification and distribution of potential disease vectors in and around residential areas are essential in terms of entomological surveillance for the prevention of disease outbreaks. The identification of mosquito species of medical importance coexisting in houses and cemeteries in Tapachula and two semiurban sites in southern Chiapas was investigated. Adult mosquitoes were collected from May to December 2018, resting inside and outside houses and in the tombstones and fallen tree leaves in cemeteries. A total of 10,883 mosquitoes belonging to three vector species were collected across 20 sites; 6738 were from neighborhood houses, of which 55.4% were Culex quinquefasciatus, 41.6% Aedes aegypti, and 2.9% Ae. albopictus. Aedes aegypti was the most common mosquito resting inside houses (56.7%), while Ae. albopictus and Cx. quinquefasciatus were mostly found resting outside houses (75.7%). In the cemeteries, Cx. quinquefasciatus (60.8%) and Ae. albopictus (37.3%) were the most abundant, while Ae. aegypti (1.9%) was the least abundant. This is the first report to identify adults of three major disease vector species coexisting in the domestic environment of urban and semiurban sites and Ae. albopictus adult resting inside of urban houses in Mexico. It would be opportune to consider comprehensive strategies that can be applied in this region to control the three species at the same time and avoid outbreaks of the diseases they transmit.

6.
J Med Entomol ; 58(2): 739-748, 2021 03 12.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33034352

RESUMEN

There are major public health concerns regarding the spread of mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue, Zika, and chikungunya, which are mainly controlled by using insecticides against the vectors, Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse). Pyrethroids are the primary class of insecticides used for vector control, due to their rapid knockdown effect and low toxicity to vertebrates. Unfortunately, continued use of pyrethroids has led to widespread insecticide resistance in Ae. aegypti; however, we lack information for Ae. albopictus-a sympatric species in Chiapas since 2002. In this study, we evaluated the permethrin resistance status of Ae. albopictus collected from Mexico and Texas. We also selected for permethrin resistance in the laboratory and investigated the potential mechanisms conferring resistance in this species. Knockdown resistance mutations, specifically F1534C, in the voltage-gated sodium channel gene, and increased activity of detoxifying enzymes were evaluated. Low levels of permethrin resistance (<2.4-fold) were observed in our field populations of Ae. albopictus and the F1534C mutation was not detected in any of the sites. Low levels of resistance were also observed in the artificially selected strain. There was significantly higher cytochrome P450 activity in our permethrin-selected and nonselected strains from Mexico compared to the control strain. Our results suggest the Ae. albopictus sampled from 2016 are mostly susceptible to pyrethroids. These results contrast with the high levels of permethrin resistance (>58-fold) found in Ae. aegypti from the same sites in Mexico. This research indicates the importance of continued monitoring of Ae. albopictus populations to prevent resistance from developing in the future.


Asunto(s)
Aedes , Resistencia a los Insecticidas/genética , Permetrina/farmacología , Aedes/efectos de los fármacos , Aedes/genética , Animales , Genes de Insecto , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Insecticidas/farmacología , México , Control de Mosquitos , Mosquitos Vectores/efectos de los fármacos , Mosquitos Vectores/genética , Mutación , Piretrinas/farmacología , Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores/prevención & control , Enfermedades Transmitidas por Vectores/transmisión , Canales de Sodio Activados por Voltaje/genética
7.
Heliyon ; 6(8): e04671, 2020 Aug.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32923710

RESUMEN

Cissus incisa is used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat certain ailments, infectious or cancerous diseases. Excepting for our previous research, this species had no scientific reports validating its traditional use. In this study, we evaluated the antibacterial and cytotoxic properties of the sphingolipids and others phytocompounds isolated from C. incisa leaves to increase the scientific knowledge of the Mexican flora. The antibacterial activity was evaluated against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria by the Microdilution method. Meanwhile, the cytotoxic potential was determined on six human cancer cells: PC3, Hep3B, HepG2, MCF7, A549, and HeLa; using an aqueous solution cell proliferation assay kit. A cell line of immortalized human hepatocytes (IHH) was included as a control of non-cancerous cells. Selectivity index (SI) was determined only against the hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. The phytochemical investigation of C. incisa leaves resulted in the isolation and characterization of five compounds: 2-(2'-hydroxydecanoyl amino)-1,3,4-hexadecanotriol-8-ene (1), 2,3-dihydroxypropyl tetracosanoate (2), ß-sitosterol-D-glucopyranoside (3), α-amyrin-3-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (4), and a mixture of cerebrosides (5). Until now, this is the first report of the sphingolipids (1), (5-IV) and (5-V). Only the compound (4) and cerebrosides (5) exhibited antibacterial activity reaching a MIC value of 100 µg/mL against Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to carbapenems. While, the acetylated derivate of (3), compound (3Ac) showed the best cytotoxic result against PC3 (IC50 = 43 ± 4 µg/mL) and Hep3B (IC50 = 49.0 ± 4 µg/mL) cancer cell lines. Likewise, (3Ac) achieved better SI values on HepG2 and Hep3B cell lines. This research reveals the importance of study medicinal plants, to identify bioactive molecules as sources of potential drugs. The presence of these compounds allows us to justify the use of this plant in traditional Mexican medicine.

8.
Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica ; 37(1): 74-80, 2020.
Artículo en Español, Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32520197

RESUMEN

To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarc tion, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angio plasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to perfor ming reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.


Con el objetivo de determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con infarto de miocardio agudo (IMA), se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 175 pacientes de un hospital peruano de referencia. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 68,7 años y el 74,8% fueron de sexo masculino. La principal estrategia de reperfusión utilizada fue la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea + stent, aunque su uso primario resultó ser bajo; además, el porcentaje de revascularización quirúrgica fue alto. Casi el 60% de los pacientes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria mayor a siete días. La mortalidad intra hospitalaria fue de 3,4%, siendo el shock cardiogénico la causa más frecuente de muerte. Se concluye que el IMA afecta principalmente a varones mayores de 60 años y que la principal estrategia de reperfusión es la angioplastia, además, los tiempos para la realización de la reperfusión son mayores a lo recomendado con porcentajes altos de revascularización quirúrgica.


Asunto(s)
Infarto del Miocardio , Anciano , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Femenino , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Perú/epidemiología , Derivación y Consulta
9.
Rev. peru. med. exp. salud publica ; 37(1): 74-80, ene.-mar. 2020. tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-1101796

RESUMEN

RESUMEN Con el objetivo de determinar las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con infarto de miocardio agudo (IMA), se realizó un estudio descriptivo en 175 pacientes de un hospital peruano de referencia. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue de 68,7 años y el 74,8% fueron de sexo masculino. La principal estrategia de reperfusión utilizada fue la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea + stent, aunque su uso primario resultó ser bajo; además, el porcentaje de revascularización quirúrgica fue alto. Casi el 60% de los pacientes tuvo una estancia hospitalaria mayor a siete días. La mortalidad intra hospitalaria fue de 3,4%, siendo el shock cardiogénico la causa más frecuente de muerte. Se concluye que el IMA afecta principalmente a varones mayores de 60 años y que la principal estrategia de reperfusión es la angioplastia, además, los tiempos para la realización de la reperfusión son mayores a lo recomendado con porcentajes altos de revascularización quirúrgica.


ABSTRACT To determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with acute myocardial infarc tion, a descriptive study was conducted in 175 patients in a referral hospital in Lima. The average age of the patients was 68.7 ± 10.8 years and 74.8% were male. The main reperfusion strategy used was percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty + stent, however, the use of primary angioplasty was low (19.5% of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction). Time to reperfusion therapies (angio plasty or fibrinolysis) were longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization was high. Almost 60% of the patients had a length of stay longer than seven days. In-hospital mortality was 3.4%, with cardiogenic shock being the most frequent cause of death. Myocardial infarction mainly affects men over 60 years, the clinical and epidemiological variables are like other regional reports. The main reperfusion strategy is angioplasty, although the use of primary angioplasty is low. Time to perfor ming reperfusion is longer than recommended and the percentage of surgical revascularization is high.


Asunto(s)
Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Infarto del Miocardio , Perú/epidemiología , Derivación y Consulta , Angioplastia Coronaria con Balón , Mortalidad Hospitalaria , Infarto del Miocardio/terapia , Infarto del Miocardio/epidemiología
10.
J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater ; 108(6): 2396-2406, 2020 08.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32017405

RESUMEN

Luminescent lanthanide downconversion nanoparticles (DCNPs) provide a combination of high luminescence intensity, sharp emission peaks with narrow bandwidth and a large Stokes' shift, leading to high-performance biomedical applications mainly for imaging. The purpose of this study is to present a nanotoxicological study of DCNPs Y2 O3 codoped with Eu3+ and functionalized with folic acid (FA). These assessments include cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, hemocompatibility, and in vitro inflammatory studies. We demonstrated by flow cytometry and confocal microscope the internalization of FA-DCNPs in breast cancer and melanoma cells. They were synthesized by sol-gel method and coated with a thin silica shell to make them biocompatible; also they were functionalized with amino groups and FA ligands that bind to the folate receptors (FR) located on the surface of the cancer cells studied. This functionalization enables the DCNPs to be internalized into the cancer cells via endocytosis by the conjugation FA-FR. The DCNPs were characterized with transmission electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and photoluminescence. The nanotoxicological assessments demonstrated that both nanoparticles (bare and functionalized) are no cytotoxic and no genotoxic at the tested concentrations (0.01-20 µg/mL) in three cell lines (breast, skin cancer, and osteoblasts). Also they are hemocompatible and do not exert nitric oxide production in vitro by macrophages. The FA-DCNPs were clearly localized into the cell cytoplasm with bright red luminescence. Thus, herein we present a complete nanotoxicological study of FA-DCNPs Y2 O3 codoped with Eu3+ and we conclude that these nanoparticles are biocompatible and can be further used for cancer cells bioimaging.


Asunto(s)
Óxido de Aluminio/toxicidad , Diagnóstico por Imagen/métodos , Europio/química , Ácido Fólico/química , Sustancias Luminiscentes/química , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Nanoestructuras/toxicidad , Neoplasias/patología , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles , Pruebas de Carcinogenicidad , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular , Receptor 1 de Folato/metabolismo , Humanos , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Óxido Nítrico/metabolismo , Células RAW 264.7 , Dióxido de Silicio/toxicidad , Radioisótopos de Itrio/toxicidad
11.
Horiz. méd. (Impresa) ; 17(2): 43-47, abr.-jun. 2017. ilus, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: biblio-989908

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Evaluar la factibilidad de realizar una estratificación hemodinámica en pacientes con infarto agudo de miocardio con segmento ST elevado, mediante el uso de ecocardiografía transtorácica. Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, prospectivo y transversal que incorporó a 30 pacientes en ritmo sinusal con diagnóstico de infarto agudo de miocardio con ST elevado, ingresados a la unidad coronaria del Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Se estimó: gasto cardíaco, presión de llenado de ventrículo izquierdo, resistencia vascular sistémica y resistencia vascular pulmonar. Resultados: La edad promedio fue 67 ± 10.6 años, predominio masculino (86.7%). La estimación del gasto cardiaco y la presión de llenado del ventrículo izquierdo fue posible en el 100% de los individuos. La resistencia vascular sistémica y resistencia vascular pulmonar pudieron ser estimadas en 29 (96.6%) y 28 (93.3%) pacientes, respectivamente. La estratificación hemodinámica fue: estadio I (normal): 18 pacientes (60%), estadio II (congestivo): 6 pacientes (20%), estadio III (hipovolemia, compromiso de VD): 5 pacientes (16.7%) y estadio IV (Choque): 1 paciente (3.3%). Conclusiones: Se concluye que es factible realizar la estratificación hemodinámica ecocardiográfica transtorácica en la población estudiada


Objective: To evaluate the feasibility of performing a hemodynamic stratification in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction using transthoracic echocardiography. Materials and methods: A descriptive, prospective and cross-sectional study that included 30 patients in sinus rhythm with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction, admitted to the coronary care unit of Hospital Edgardo Rebagliati Martins. Cardiac output, left ventricle filling pressure, systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance were estimated. Results: The mean age was 67 ± 10.6 years old, with male predominance (86.7%). The estimation of cardiac output and left ventricle filling pressure was possible in 100% of the individuals. The systemic vascular resistance and pulmonary vascular resistance could be estimated in 29 (96.6%) and 28 (93.3%) patients, respectively. The hemodynamic stratification was as follows: stage I (normal): 18 patients (60%), stage II (congestive): 6 patients (20%), stage III (hypovolemia, RV infarction): 5 patients (16.7%) and stage IV (shock): 1 patient (3.3%). Conclusions: It is concluded that a transthoracic echocardiographic hemodynamic stratification may be performed in the studied population

12.
J Water Health ; 12(4): 692-701, 2014 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25473978

RESUMEN

We describe a simple and standardised screening system (AREB) for surveillance of antibiotic resistant bacteria in the environment. The system consists of 96 well microplates containing eight sets of breakpoint amounts of 10 different antibiotics. The incubated microplates are read by a desktop scanner and the plate images are analysed by special software that automatically presents the resistance data. The AREB method is combined with a rapid typing method, the PhenePlate system, which yields information on the diversity of the bacteria in the studied samples, and on the possible prevalence of resistant clones. In order to demonstrate the usage of AREB, a comparative study on the resistance situation among 970 Escherichia coli isolates from sewage and recipient water in Sweden, Norway and Chile, was performed. Resistance rates to all antibiotics were markedly higher in hospital sewage than in other samples. Our data indicate that the AREB system is useful for comparing resistance rates among E. coli and other environmental indicator bacteria in different countries/regions. Simple handling and automatic data evaluation, combined with low cost, facilitate large studies involving several thousands of isolates.


Asunto(s)
Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Técnicas de Tipificación Bacteriana/métodos , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Chile , Agua Potable/microbiología , Escherichia coli/química , Escherichia coli/genética , Hospitales , Noruega , Aguas del Alcantarillado/microbiología , Suecia
13.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 70(1): 43-47, ene.-feb. 2013. ilus
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-701221

RESUMEN

Introducción. Las atrofias musculares espinales de la infancia son enfermedades neuromusculares hereditarias, autosómicas, recesivas, caracterizadas por la degeneración de las neuronas motoras del asta anterior de la médula espinal. La atrofia muscular espinal tipo I (enfermedad de Werdnig-Hoffmann) es la forma más severa. Se inicia in útero o durante los primeros meses de vida. La muerte suele ocurrir antes de los dos años de edad. Caso clínico. Lactante de 6 meses de edad que ingresa al Servicio de Urgencias por dificultad respiratoria severa. Presenta marcada hipotonía muscular, debilidad de musculatura intercostal y fasciculaciones de la lengua. La electromiografía es compatible con polineuropatía motora con daño mielínico y axonal. El análisis molecular reportó un estado homocigoto para la deleción de los exones 7 y 8 del gen SMN-1 . Con estos dos estudios se integra el diagnóstico de atrofia muscular espinal tipo 1 (enfermedad de Werdnig-Hoffmann). Conclusiones. Es importante conocer y diagnosticar esta entidad para brindar consejo genético a la familia, así como asesoramiento y apoyo en el manejo del paciente.


Background. Childhood spinal muscular atrophy is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. SMA type I, the most severe form (Werdnig-Hoffmann disease) can be detected in utero or during the first months of life. Death typically occurs within the first 2 years of life. Case report. A 6-month-old female was admitted to the emergency room for severe respiratory distress. She had muscular hypotonia, intercostal muscle weakness and tongue fasciculations. Electromyography was compatible with motor polyneuropathy with axonal and myelin damage. Molecular analysis of SMN-1 gene reported homozygous for deletion of exons 7 and 8 of SMN-1 gene. Conclusions. It is imperative to recognize and diagnose this entity in order to provide genetic counseling to the family as well as to offer support and advice in the care of the patient.

14.
Iran J Pediatr ; 22(3): 369-74, 2012 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23400307

RESUMEN

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship of neurotoxic inorganic elements in the hair of patients with the diagnosis of Neural Tube Defects. Our initial hypothesis was that neurotoxic inorganic elements were associated with Neural Tube Defects. METHODS: Twenty-three samples of hair from newborns were obtained from the General Hospital, "Aurelio Valdivieso" in the city of Oaxaca, Mexico. The study group included 8 newborn infants with neural tube pathology. The control group was composed of 15 newborns without this pathology. The presence of inorganic elements in the hair samples was determined by inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy (spectroscopic emission of the plasma). FINDINGS: THE POPULATION OF NEWBORNS WITH NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS SHOWED SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER VALUES OF THE FOLLOWING ELEMENTS THAN THE CONTROL GROUP: Aluminium, Neural Tube Defects 152.77±51.06 µg/g, control group 76.24±27.89 µg/g; Silver, Neural Tube Defects 1.45±0.76, control group 0.25±0.53 µg/g; Potassium, Neural Tube Defects 553.87±77.91 µg/g, control group 341.13±205.90 µg/g. Association was found at 75 percentile between aluminium plus silver, aluminium plus potassium, silver plus potassium, and potassium plus sodium. CONCLUSION: IN THE HAIR OF NEWBORNS WITH NEURAL TUBE DEFECTS, THE FOLLOWING METALS WERE INCREASED: aluminium, silver. Given the neurotoxicity of the same, and association of Neural Tube Defects with aluminum and silver, one may infer that they may be participating as factors in the development of Neural Tube Defects.

15.
Braz J Otorhinolaryngol ; 76(4): 522-6, 2010.
Artículo en Inglés, Portugués | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20835541

RESUMEN

UNLABELLED: One of the most criticized points in tinnitus clinical studies arise from the lack of consensus about measurement methods. AIM: To evaluate the correlation between audiometric thresholds, pitch matching (PM), minimum masking level (MML), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in tinnitus patients. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were submitted to tonal audiometry, PM and MML for tinnitus. They also filled out the THI and BDI. Data was statistically compared for correlation purposes between audiometric thresholds, psycho-acoustic measures and questionnaires. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between THI and MML, both in patients with BDI scores under and over 14 points. There was no statistically significant correlation between the worst hearing frequency and PM, as well as between the cut-off frequency and the PM in patients with descending hearing curves in their audiograms. CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant correlation between psycho-acoustic measures (PM and MML), audiometric thresholds, THI and BDI. Tinnitus is a very complex symptom and isolated measures by psycho-acoustic methods; tinnitus and depression questionnaires are not satisfactory.


Asunto(s)
Umbral Auditivo , Psicoacústica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Acúfeno/diagnóstico , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Acúfeno/psicología
16.
Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.) ; Braz. j. otorhinolaryngol. (Impr.);76(4): 522-526, jul.-ago. 2010. tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS | ID: lil-556885

RESUMEN

Uma das principais dificuldades nos estudos clínicos sobre zumbido reside na falta de consenso sobre os métodos de mensuração. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a correlação entre os limiares audiométricos, pitch matching (PM), minimum masking level (MML), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI) em pacientes com zumbido. MODELO DE ESTUDO: Prospectivo, coorte transversal. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 48 pacientes com zumbido como queixa principal foram submetidos aos testes audiométricos e questionários acima descritos. Os dados foram comparados estatisticamente para as correlações entre os métodos. RESULTADOS: Não houve correlação estatisticamente significativa entre o THI e MML, tanto em pacientes com BDI acima e abaixo de 14 pontos, bem como entre a frequência de pior limiar auditivo e o Pitch matching e entre a frequência de "cut-off" e o PM nos pacientes com curvas descendentes em rampa. CONCLUSÕES: Não existe correlação estatisticamente significativa entre as medidas psicoacústicas do zumbido, os limiares audiométricos e os questionários de avaliação. O zumbido é um sintoma muito complexo e avaliações isoladas pelos métodos acima não são satisfatórias.


One of the most criticized points in tinnitus clinical studies arise from the lack of consensus about measurement methods. AIM: To evaluate the correlation between audiometric thresholds, pitch matching (PM), minimum masking level (MML), Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) in tinnitus patients. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective, cross-sectional. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were submitted to tonal audiometry, PM and MML for tinnitus. They also filled out the THI and BDI. Data was statistically compared for correlation purposes between audiometric thresholds, psycho-acoustic measures and questionnaires. RESULTS: There was no statistically significant correlation between THI and MML, both in patients with BDI scores under and over 14 points. There was no statistically significant correlation between the worst hearing frequency and PM, as well as between the cut-off frequency and the PM in patients with descending hearing curves in their audiograms. CONCLUSIONS: There is no statistically significant correlation between psycho-acoustic measures (PM and MML), audiometric thresholds, THI and BDI. Tinnitus is a very complex symptom and isolated measures by psycho-acoustic methods; tinnitus and depression questionnaires are not satisfactory.


Asunto(s)
Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Umbral Auditivo , Psicoacústica , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Acúfeno/diagnóstico , Audiometría de Tonos Puros , Estudios Transversales , Estudios Prospectivos , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Acúfeno/psicología
17.
J Clin Microbiol ; 48(9): 3395-6, 2010 Sep.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20631111

RESUMEN

We analyzed the prevalence of diarrheagenic Escherichia coli (DEC) markers and common phenotypes in 2,164 E. coli isolates from 282 DEC-positive samples. Enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC) and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC) were very diverse and were not correlated with diarrhea. Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) estA and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC) belonged to a few phenotypes and were significantly correlated with diarrhea.


Asunto(s)
Diarrea/microbiología , Infecciones por Escherichia coli/microbiología , Escherichia coli/clasificación , Escherichia coli/patogenicidad , Heces/microbiología , Escherichia coli/genética , Escherichia coli/metabolismo , Genotipo , Humanos , Lactante , Nicaragua , Fenotipo , Polimorfismo Genético
18.
Rev. cienc. salud ; 13(1): 7-15, dic. 2009. graf, tab
Artículo en Español | LILACS | ID: lil-567073

RESUMEN

Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin (SARM) has been associated with nosocomial infections due to its capacity to develop resistance to multiple antibiotics. There is little information about the SARM which are found in the hospital services of Antofagasta. We studied the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of methicillin resistance in 38 strains of S. aureus isolated in Antofagasta, identified by coagulase and API Staph tests and by a biochemical test (Ph-system). The susceptibility to antibiotics was studied using the agar dilution technique, identifying SARM strains with discs of oxacillin. Beta-lactamase with nitrocephine, and the gene mecA by means of PCR. Eighty nine percent (34 strains) were SARM with a high resistance to ampicillin, penicillin, erythromycin, claritromycin. gentiamycin, amikacine and ciprofloxacine. All isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and rifampicin. Beta-lactamase was demonstrated in 79% of the SARM strains. Strain typing and resistance patterns revealed a great diversity of PhP-types and antibiotypes in the isolates. Ninety seven percent of the SARM strains had the gene mecA. One PhP-type (C6) was dominant (5 SARM strains) all had the mecA gene, produced beta lactamase and had the same pattern of antibiotic resistance. We conclude that the dominant phenotypes of SARM strains which have the mecA gene and multiple resistance to antibiotics are present in the hospitals of Antofagasta, and sound the alert on the risk of nosocomial transmission of epidemic clones of SARM.


Staphylococcus aureus resistentes a meticilina (SARM) han sido asociados con infecciones nosocomiales por su capacidad para desarrollar resistencia a múltiple antibióticos, existiendo escasa información acerca de SARM que están circulando en los servicios hospitalarios de Antofagasta. Se estudió características fenotIpicas y genotípicas de la resistencia a meticilina en 38 cepas de S. aureus aisladas en Antofagasta, identificadas por tests de coagulasa y API Staph y por tipificación bioquímica (Ph-Sistem). La susceptibilidad a antibióticos se realizo por técnica de dilución en agar, las cepas SARM fueron identificadas con discos de oxacilina, beta-lactamasa por nitrocefina y gen mecA fue detectado pot PCR. El 89% (34 cepas), fueron SARM con una alta resistencia a ampicilina, penicilina, eritromicina, gentamicina, amikacina y ciprofloxacino. Todos los aislados fueron susceptibles a vancomocina y rifampicina. Beta lactamasa fue demostrada en 79% de las cepas SARM. La tipificación y los patrones de resistencia revelaron una alta diversidad de PhP tipos y antibioticos en los aislamientos. El 97% de las cepas SARM albergaban el gen mecA. Un PhP tipo (C6) fue dominante. (5 cepas SARM), todos presentando el gen mecA, produciendo beta lactamasa y mostrando el mismo patrón de resistencia antibiótica. Se concluye que los fenotipos dominantes de cepas SARM que albergan el gen mecA y resistencia múltiples alos antibióticos están circulando en los hospitales de Antofagasta, alertando sobre el riesgo de transmisión intranosocomial de clones epidémicos de SARM.


Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana/genética , Resistencia a la Meticilina/genética , Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus aureus/genética , Genotipo , Infección Hospitalaria/transmisión , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/genética , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/transmisión , Fenotipo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana/métodos , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación
19.
J Appl Oral Sci ; 16(3): 194-200, 2008.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19089217

RESUMEN

The purpose of this study was to assess the current knowledge and recommendations of obstetricians and dentists as to the dental care to pregnant patients in the cities of Londrina/PR and Bauru/SP, Brazil. Questionnaires were distributed to professionals of both cities, arguing on the following issues: oral health during pregnancy; contact between prenatal care and dental care providers; prenatal fluoride supplementation; selection of therapeutic agents for local anesthesia, pain control and treatment of infection; and dental procedures that can be performed during each trimester. Data were analyzed by frequency of responses and statistical analyses were carried out using X(2) (type of workplace/service) and t test (time since graduation), significant if p<0.05. Seventy-nine obstetricians and 37 dentists responded the questionnaires. Most physicians referred the patient to dental care only when a source of dental problem was mentioned, limiting the adoption of a preventive approach. Forty-three percent of dentists and 34% of obstetricians did not know the potential contribution of periodontal infection as a risk factor for preterm low birth-weight babies. There was divergence from scientific literature as to the recommendation of local anesthetics (dentists and obstetricians), prenatal fluoride supplementation (obstetricians) and dental radiographs (dentists). The findings of this survey with dentists and obstetricians showed that dental management during pregnancy still presents some deviations from scientific literature recommendations, indicating the need to update these health care professionals in order to establish guidelines for prenatal dental care.


Asunto(s)
Atención Odontológica , Odontólogos/psicología , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Obstetricia , Atención Prenatal , Analgésicos/administración & dosificación , Anestésicos Locales/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Antiinflamatorios/administración & dosificación , Brasil , Cariostáticos/administración & dosificación , Femenino , Fluoruros/administración & dosificación , Adhesión a Directriz , Humanos , Periodontitis/complicaciones , Embarazo , Nacimiento Prematuro/etiología , Radiografía Dental/estadística & datos numéricos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios
20.
RGO (Porto Alegre) ; 56(4): 375-380, out.-dez. 2008. graf, tab
Artículo en Portugués | LILACS, BBO - Odontología | ID: lil-502107

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Investigar a concentração salivar de flúor em pré-escolares após a escovação dentária com dentifrício de concentração padrão (1100ppmF/NaF) e baixa (500ppmF/NaF) de flúor, empregando a técnica transversal de colocação do produto na escova. Métodos: Participaram do estudo oito crianças, de ambos os sexos, com idade variando entre 4 anos e 9 meses e 5 anos e 6 meses. O experimento foi dividido em duas fases com intervalo semanal. Na primeira a criança utilizou, por uma semana, o dentifrício de concentração padrão, e na segunda, o de baixa concentração. As amostras foram coletadas ao final de cada fase experimental nos seguintes tempos: antes da escovação, imediatamente após e depois de 15, 30 e 45 minutos. Os teores de flúor foram analisados por meio da técnica de microdifusão. A análise estatística foi feita pela análise de variância ANOVA e pelo teste t de Student (p<0,05).Resultados: A concentração salivar de flúor foi significativamente maior, em todos os tempos, quando se utilizou o produto de concentração padrão. A comparação entre a concentração do halogênio encontrada antes da escovação e imediatamente depois mostra que no dentifrício padrão houve um aumento de 6,8 vezes (0,19 x 1,29μgF/ml) e, no de baixa concentração, 20,5 (0,02 x 0,41μgF/ml). Conclusão: A escovação dentária com ambos os produtos promove aumentos relevantes na concentração salivar de flúor, porém estudos longitudinais são necessários para verificar o resultado clínico desta medida.


Objective: To investigate the salivary fluoride concentration in pre-school children after toothbrushing with dentifrice containing standard (1100ppmF/NaF) and low (500ppmF/NaF) fluoride concentration, using the transversal technique of placing the product on the toothbrush. Methods: Eight children of both sexes, ranging from 4 to 9 years, and 5 years and 6 months of age, participated in the study. The experiment was divided into two phases with a weekly interval. In the first stage, the children used the standard concentration dentifrice for one week, and in the second, the low concentration product. Samples were collected at the end of each experimental stage, at the following times: Before brushing, immediately afterwards, and after 15, 30 and 45 minutes. The fluoride contents were analyzed by the microdiffusion technique. Statistical analysis was done by the analysis of variance ANOVA and Student's-t test (p<0.05). Results: The salivary fluoride concentration was significantly higher at all times, when the standard concentration product was used. The comparison between the Halogen concentration found before bushing and immediately afterwards, showed that there was a 6.8 times increase in the standard dentifrice (0.19 x 1.29μgF/ml) and in the low concentration product, an increase of 20.5 times (0.02 x 0.41μgF/ml). Conclusion: Toothbrushing with both products promoted relevant increases in the salivary fluoride concentration; however, longitudinal studies are necessary to verify the clinical result of this measurement.


Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Dentífricos/efectos adversos , Flúor , Saliva
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