Scanner cardiaque pédiatrique dans le diagnostic des cardiopathies congénitales: expérience abidjanaise / Pediatric cardiac computed tomography in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease: Abidjan experience

Objectif.Depuis 2008, la Haute Autorité Sanitaire recommande la réalisation du scanner cardiaque dans le diagnostic des cardiopathies congénitales. Celui-ci aide à confirmer et préciser les anomalies mal définies à l'échocardiographie. Dans les pays développés, le scanner cardiaque est un examende routine pour le diagnostic des cardiopathies congénitales. En Côte-d'Ivoire, sa pratique est récente.L'objectif de cette étude était de décrire les techniques et résultats des scanners cardiaques pédiatriques réalisés dans une structure privée à Abidjan.Matériels et méthodes.Il s'agissait d'une étude descriptive rétrospective sur une période de 2 mois qui a inclus tous les enfants reçus à la clinique la rosette pour la réalisation d'un scanner cardiaque indiqué pour l'évaluation d'une cardiopathie congénitale. Les examens ont été réalisés sous sédation légère pour les enfants de moins de 7 ans.Résultats.Vingt scanners cardiaques pédiatriques ont été réalisés. Les indications des scanners cardiaques pédiatriques étaient la tétralogie de Fallot (15 cas), l'atrésie pulmonaire à septum ouvert (APSO) (2 cas), la communication inter auriculaire (CIA) (1 cas), la CIA associée à une communication interventriculaire (CIV) (1 cas) et la sténose pulmonaire supra valvulaire (1 cas). Dans les cas de Tétralogie deFallot et d'APSO, les branches pulmonaires et les collatérales aorto-pulmonaires ont été visualisées et mesurées. Pour le bilan de , un retour veineux pulmonaire non visualisé à l'échocardiographie a été retrouvé au scanner cardiaque. Dans tous les cas, un bilan tomodensitométrique malformatif était réalisé : recherche d'anomalies coronaires et d'arcs aortiques.Après réalisation du scanner cardiaque, 5 enfants ont bénéficié d'une cure chirurgicale. On notait une concordance entre les diagnostics peropératoires et tomodensitométriques

Objective. Since 2008, the French National Authority for Health recommends the use of a cardiac scanner for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. It helps to confirm and clarify abnormalities that are poorly defined on echocardiography. In developed countries,cardiac CT is a routine examination for the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. In Côte d'Ivoire, its practice is recent. Materials and Methods. This was a retrospective descriptive study over a period of 2 months which included all children received at the Rosette clinic for a cardiac scan indicated for the evaluation of congenital heart disease. The examinations were performed under light sedation for children under 7 years of age. Results. Twenty paediatric cardiac scans were performed. The indications for the paediatric cardiac scans were tetralogy of Fallot (15 cases), pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect (PAVSD) (2 cases), atrial septal defect (ASD) (1 case), ASD associated with ventricular septal defect (VSD) (1 case) and supravalvular pulmonary stenosis (1 case). In cases of Tetralogy of Fallot and APSO, pulmonary arteries and aorto-pulmonary collaterals were visualised and measured. For the assessment of ASD, an anomalous pulmonary venous return not visualised on echocardiography was found on cardiac computed tomography (CT). In all cases, a malformative CT scan was performed: search for coronary, aortic arch. After the cardiac, 5 children underwent surgical treatment. There was concordance between the intraoperative and CT diagnoses. Conclusion. In our experience, cardiac CT now represents, minimally invasive, complementary diagnostic tool for the evaluation of congenital heart disease.

Arterial and Cardiac Remodeling Associated With Extra Weight Gain in an Isolated Abdominal Obesity Cohort.

Introduction: This study aims to assess the changes in cardiovascular remodeling attributable to bodyweight gain in a middle-aged abdominal obesity cohort. A remodeling worsening might explain the increase in cardiovascular risk associated with a dynamic of weight gain. Methods: Seventy-five middle-aged subjects (56 ± 5 years, 38 women) with abdominal obesity and no known cardiovascular disease underwent MRI-based examinations at baseline and at a 6.1 ± 1.2-year follow-up to monitor cardiovascular remodeling and hemodynamic variables, most notably the effective arterial elastance (Ea). Ea is a proxy of the arterial load that must be overcome during left ventricular (LV) ejection, with increased EA resulting in concentric LV remodeling. Results: Sixteen obese subjects had significant weight gain (>7%) during follow-up (WG+), whereas the 59 other individuals did not (WG-). WG+ and WG- exhibited significant differences in the baseline to follow-up evolutions of several hemodynamic parameters, notably diastolic and mean blood pressures (for mean blood pressure, WG+: +9.3 ± 10.9 mmHg vs. WG-: +1.7 ± 11.8 mmHg, p = 0.022), heart rate (WG+: +0.6 ± 9.4 min-1 vs. -8.9 ± 11.5 min-1, p = 0.003), LV concentric remodeling index (WG: +0.08 ± 0.16 g.mL-1 vs. WG-: -0.02 ± 0.13 g.mL-1, p = 0.018) and Ea (WG+: +0.20 ± 0.28 mL mmHg-1 vs. WG-: +0.01 ± 0.30 mL mmHg-1, p = 0.021). The evolution of the LV concentric remodeling index and Ea were also strongly correlated in the overall obese population (p < 0.001, R2 = 0.31). Conclusions: A weight gain dynamic is accompanied by increases in arterial load and load-related concentric LV remodeling in an isolated abdominal obesity cohort. This remodeling could have a significant impact on cardiovascular risk.

Relationship Between Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction Variation and Systemic Vascular Resistance: A Prospective Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance Study.

Introduction: This cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) study aims to determine whether changes in systemic vascular resistance (SVR), obtained from CMR flow sequences, might explain the significant long-term changes in left ventricular (LV) ejection fraction (EF) observed in subjects with no cardiac disease history. Methods: Cohort subjects without any known cardiac disease but with high rates of hypertension and obesity, underwent CMR with phase-contrast sequences both at baseline and at a median follow-up of 5.2 years. Longitudinal changes in EF were analyzed for any concomitant changes in blood pressure and vascular function, notably the indexed SVR given by the formula: mean brachial blood pressure / cardiac output x body surface area. Results: A total of 118 subjects (53 ± 12 years, 52% women) were included, 26% had hypertension, and 52% were obese. Eighteen (15%) had significant EF variations between baseline and follow-up (7 increased EF and 11 decreased EF). Longitudinal changes in EF were inversely related to concomitant changes in mean and diastolic blood pressures (p = 0.030 and p = 0.027, respectively) and much more significantly to SVR (p < 0.001). On average, these SVR changes were -8.08 ± 9.21 and +8.14 ± 8.28 mmHg.min.m2.L-1, respectively, in subjects with significant increases and decreases in EF, and 3.32 ± 7.53 mmHg.min.m2.L-1 in subjects with a stable EF (overall p < 0.001). Conclusions: Significant EF variations are not uncommon during the long-term CMR follow-up of populations with no evident health issues except for uncomplicated hypertension and obesity. However, most of these variations are linked to SVR changes and may therefore be unrelated to any intrinsic change in LV contractility. This underscores the benefits of specifically assessing LV afterload when EF is monitored in populations at risk of vascular dysfunction. Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier: NCT01716819 and NCT02430805.