Leukocyte ratios in non-diabetic hypertensive Cameroonians do not predict cardiovascular risk : preliminary results of the HYRICCA project.

BACKGROUND: Full blood count is routinely performed in the evaluation of hypertensive patients. However, usefulness of leukocyte ratios in cardiovascular risk (CVR) assessment hasn't yet been proven in Cameroonians. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the contribution of leukocyte ratios in CVR assessment of non-diabetic hypertensive adults. METHODOLOGY: We carried out a cross sectional study including non-diabetic hypertensive patients followed up at the cardiology unit of the Yaoundé Central Hospital from November to June 2022. We collected relevant clinical data with a pre-established questionnaire and blood samples from each patient for different biological analyses. The spearman correlation test was used to assess on the one hand the relationship between leukocyte ratios, highly sensitive CRP and the WHO 2019 risk score as our primary end point, and on the other hand between leukocyte indices and the other risk estimators as our secondary outcome. The significant threshold level was set as 0.05. RESULTS: We included 165 participants (102 females) with a mean age of 57.6 (10.4) years. The median duration of hypertension since diagnosis was 7 years and only 27% of participants on treatment had a controlled blood pressure. There was no significant correlation between leukocyte ratios and the WHO 2019 risk score. Highly sensitive CRP and the atherogenic index of plasma were significantly correlated respectively with the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio (rho = 0.18, p = 0.03) and the eosinophil to lymphocyte ratio (rho = 0.28, p = 0.01). There exists a weak positive association between the granulocyte to lymphocyte ratio and the Reynolds risk score. CONCLUSION: Leukocyte ratios are not useful for CVR assessment in hypertensive Cameroonians with respect to the WHO 2019 risk score. Prospective studies are needed to assess their usefulness in combination with conventional risk factors to improve prediction of cardiovascular events.

Optimizing Haemophilia Care in Resource-Limited Countries: Current Challenges and Future Prospects.

About 75% of persons with hemophilia live in the developing world and do not have access to routine care due to many barriers. There are a lot of challenges associated with hemophilia care in resource-limited settings, ranging from financial to organisational and government commitments. This review discusses some of these challenges and future prospects, while highlighting the important role of the World Federation of Hemophilia in hemophilia patient care. A participative approach involving all stakeholders is key to optimizing care in resource-limited settings.

Sécurité transfusionnelle infectieuse pendant la pandémie à COVID-19: Evaluation de quelques marqueurs sérologiques au centre hospitalier et universitaire de Yaoundé, Cameroun / Infectious transfusion safety during the COVID-19 pandemic: evaluation of some serological markers at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital, Cameroon

Objectif. Mettre à jour les données sur la prévalence des infections transmissibles par transfusion en contexte de pandémie à coronavirus est très important pour la sécurité transfusionnelle dans notre milieu. Méthodes. Une étude transversale prospective a été menée du 05 avril au 02 mai 2021 au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Yaoundé. Les donneurs de sang ont été inclus consécutivement après un entretien médical et dépistés pour les infections du Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine, du virus de l'hépatite B, du virus de l'hépatite C et du Treponema pallidum. L'analyse statistique a été faite à l'aide du logiciel SPSS version 23.0 avec pour seuil de significativité p<0,05. Résultats. Au total, 32/232 donneurs (13,8 %) avaient au moins une infection transmissible par transfusion. Les prévalences étaient de 7,8 %, 5,6 %, 0,9 % et 0,9 % respectivement pour l'infection à Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine, Virus de l'hépatite B, Virus de l'hépatite C et Treponema pallidum. La régression logistique binaire concernant le Virus de l'Immunodéficience Humaine a montré que le sexe masculin et le groupe sanguin AB étaient significativement associés à cette infection. Aucune association n'a été retrouvée pour les autres infections. Conclusion. Avec le contexte difficile lié à la pandémie à coronavirus, la prévalence cumulée des infections transmissibles par transfusion est restée relativement élevée. Une bonne sélection médicale des donneurs reste la clé pour permettre la sécurité transfusionnelle.

Objective. Updating data on the prevalence of transfusion-transmissible infections in the context of the coronavirus pandemic is very important for blood safety in our environment. Method. A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from April 05 to May 02, 2021 at the Yaoundé University Teaching Hospital. Blood donors were included consecutively after a medical interview and screened for Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus and Treponema pallidum infections. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23.0 software with the significance level p<0.05. Results. In total, 32/232 donors (13.8%) had at least one transfusion-transmissible infection. The prevalences were 7.8%, 5.6%, 0.9% and 0.9% respectively for infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis B Virus, Hepatitis C Virus and Treponema pallidum. Binary logistic regression for Human Immunodeficiency Virus showed that male sex and AB blood group were significantly associated with this infection. No association was found for the other infections. Conclusion. With the difficult context linked to the coronavirus pandemic, the cumulative prevalence of infections transmissible by transfusion has remained relatively high. A good medical selection of donors remains the key to allow transfusion safety.