[The activity of redox-regulatory systems in the primary and recurrence tumors in vulvar cancer]. / Aktivnost' redoks-reguliruiushchikh sistem v pervichnykh i retsidivnykh opukholiakh vul'vy.

The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione transferase (GST), the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were investigated in the samples of the tumor, peritumoral zone and healthy tissue, taken at the line of resection, were obtained from 14 patients with primary squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva, and 13 patients with local recurrence appeared in the period from 3 months to 7 years. by conventional spectrophotometric methods. The content of GSH and the activity of SOD, GPx, GR, GST were significantly increased, while MDA was decreased in the tissue of the primary carcinoma of the vulva in compared with the healthy tissue. Differences in the functioning of the investigated system of enzymes in the peritumoral zone were also revealed in the primary and recurrent tumoral process. Similar but much less pronounced changes were also observed in the recurrent tumor. It is suggested that such dynamics of activity of the studied system with the progression of cancer process can be the result of adaptation to changes in the local biochemical status of healthy (nonmalignant) tissue of the organ carrying the tumor and reflect the metabolic features of the recurrent tumor.

[The evaluation of endogenous intoxication and level of proteins of acute phase in onco-urological patients depending on course of disease.]

The purpose of the study is to carry out a comparative analysis of endogenous intoxication and content of proteins of cute phase in patients with urinary bladder cancer with successful treatment and complicated course of disease. To evaluate level of endogenous intoxication in patients the analysis was applied concerning content of molecules of average mass and functional characteristics of albumin assessed by ratio of efficient and total concentration of albumin. The coefficient of intoxication was calculated reflecting balance between cumulation of toxic ligands in blood plasma and their binding. The analysis was implemented concerning indices of endogenous intoxication in patients with urinary bladder cancer prior to treatment, after complex treatment and in patients with main disease complicated by renal insufficiency and in patients with onco-urology of both localizations when post-operational period was complicated by development of gram-negative sepsis. The results of study of endotoxicosis in case of onco-urological pathology were compared against the level of acute-phase proteins: C-reactive protein and haptoglobin. In case of patients with muscular non-invasive urinary bladder cancer and patients with kidney cancer typically occurred decreasing of efficient concentration of albumin and its binding capacity against the background of increased level of endotoxins. In patients with urinary bladder cancer with chronic renal insufficiency alterations of all indices were expressed in a higher degree. The maximal derangement of capacity of albumin to bind products of endotoxicosis, increasing of level of molecules of average mass and multiple increasing of C-reactive protein were specific in patients with developed sepsis. The obtained data testifies the informativeness of analyzed indices for evaluation of condition of oncourological patients.

[Effect of iron nanoparticles on free radical oxidation process in blood of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma]. / Vliianie nanochastits zheleza na pokazateli svobodnoradikal'nogo okisleniia v krovi krys s limfosarkomoi Plissa.

The use of metal nanoparticles (NPs) for cancer treatment requires careful examination of their biological effects. The aim of this study was to determine parameters of oxidative processes in the blood of tumor-bearing animals treated with metallic iron NPs only. The markers of antioxidant status and accumulation of lipid peroxidation products were measured in erythrocytes and blood plasma of rats with Pliss lymphosarcoma (PLS) and intact rats. PLS animals were treated eight times with iron NPs (at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg bw (main group), rats of the control group received saline (0.3 ml). In control animals, an increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) was observed in red blood cells (RBC) by 45%; this was accompanied by compensatory increase in reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase by 24% and 14.3%, respectively (p<0.05). In plasma an increase in MDA by 167.4% (p<0.01) and a decrease in oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin (CP) by 36.8% (p<0.001) were found. In the main group there was a decrease of accumulation of lipid peroxidation products in the blood. Intensity of detected changes depended on the antitumor effect: rats with growing LSP showed a tendency to the decrease in the RBC MDA level and normalization of plasma MDA; in animals with LSP regression this marker did not differ from normal values. In all animals of the main group the CP content was basically the same as in intact rats while GSH increased in the group without therapeutic effect (by 218.6%) and in the group with the effect by 69% (versus normal values; p<0.01). SOD activity in the rats with LSP growth significantly increased (by 42%), in the rats with regression decreased (by 30%) with subsequent normalization. Thus, administration of iron NPs caused activation of the antioxidant system in blood and a significant decrease in the manifestations of oxidative stress associated with tumor growth.

[The activity of redox-regulatory systems in the tumor and its surrounding tissues in various histological types of tumor].

According to modern concepts cancer is a complex dynamic system having multiple relationships with both the immediate environment and with remote nonmalignant tissues and organs. Changes in the redox balance in them can result in disruption of the normal tissue control. Understanding of the biology of redox processes in a particular tumor and its surroundings, and of their functioning mechanisms is necessary for the development of new anti-cancer strategies based on the effects on the redox state of the tumor and surrounding tissue. Thus the aim of this work was to investigate activity of enzymatic systems influencing the redox state in the tumor tissue, peritumoral area and nonmalignant tissue (taken along the line of resection) for different histological types of tumors. The data obtained showed a similar level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in tumor tissues of gastric adenocarcinoma and vulvar squamous cell carcinoma, but its dynamics in the tissues surrounding the tumor was different. In contrast to the gastric adenocarcinoma the carcinoma of the vulva had a significant level of GSH and higher activity of glutathione dependent enzymes in the tumor tissue and its peritumoral area compared with the surrounding nonmalignant tissue. The results indicate that there are differences in the functioning of the redox regulatory systems in the tumor tissue and its surrounding tissues of various histological origin and localization, possibly due to different mechanisms involved in maintenance of the redox balance in the originally nonmalignant tissue.

THE CONTENT OF TRANSFERRIN AND FERRITIN IN BLOOD OF PATIENTS WITH RECTAL CANCER IN THE FIRST WEEK AFTER SURGERY.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Examine the dynamics of the content of ferritin and other indicators of iron metabolism in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer before surgery and in the postoperative period to 7 days, and compare it with other known non-specific criteria of the acute phase of inflammation. Respond to the question whether changes in iron metabolism parameters in patients with colorectal cancer after surgery are specific. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The content of ferritin, transferrin, iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity (TIBE) in the blood serurii of patients with coidrecral cancer before surgery and in the postoperative period of 1, 3 and 7 days was determined at the biochemical analyzer Cobas Integra 400. The values of parameters in the group of individuals without cancer pathology (control group) were used for comparison. RESULTS: Before surgery, patients studied parameters were within normal limits. In the postoperative period (7 days) ferritin level was significantly increased by 88%, and transferrin level was reduced by 73% in relation to that of the control group (p <0.05; U-Mann-Whitney). Total iron binding capacity was significantly reduced by 250%. CONCLUSIONS: Opposite changes of ferritin and transferrin, known as the acute-phase proteins, show predominance in the first week after surgery nonspecific reaction of patients to surgical stress. These metalioproteins are considered as one of the markers of the stress. We compared revealed changes in the studied parameters of iron system with the experimental data on the changes in the membrane potential of red blood cells and lymphocytes, and came to the conclusion that the identified synchronicity indicates their potential conditionality.

[The level of endogenous intoxication iт oncologic gynecologic patients.]

The leading role of syndrome of endogenous intoxication in structure of clinical manifestations of tumor disease conditions actuality of studying components determining its development, in dynamics of malignant process and under anti-tumor therapy. Among all studied groups of oncogynecological patients, the most expressed decreasing of functional activity of albumin binding toxic compounds is observed under ascitic form of ovary cancer. In the group of patients with ovary cancer of stage I-II and also in condition of remission of process in patients with ovary cancer of stage III, the values of total and effective concentration of albumin and its binding capacity, on the contrary, are approaching to donor values. Under cervical carcinoma and vulva cancer the statistically significant decreasing of effective concentration of albumin and its binding capacity was established. However, thisdecreasing is manifested in minor degree than in patients with ascitic form of ovary cancer.

[Blood iron metabolism in patients with stomach cancer].

AIM: To investigate the changes of iron metabolism values in patients with stomach cancer degree II and III within 7 days after surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Levels of ferritin, transferrin, serum iron and unsaturated iron binding capacity were defined in 24 patients with stomach cancer preoperatively and in 1, 3 and 7 days after surgery using biochemical analyzer Cobas Integra 400. Comparison group included donors without cancer. RESULTS: Studied parameters were normal before surgery excluding serum iron and hemoglobin. Level of ferritin significantly increased by 160% and transferrin decreased by 78% in comparison with those in donors in 7 days postoperatively (p<0.05; Mann-Whitney criterion). Total iron binding capacity considerably reduced by 300%. There are significant changes of serum iron values from the 1st to the 7th days postoperatively. It is suggested the supposition about detoxication role of increased level of ferritin as one of the mechanisms explaining efficiency of intraoperative autoplasmachemotherapy.

[A comparative study of free radical-assisted processes and antioxidant protection of certain areas of liver involvement].

Light sum of chemiluminescence, concentrations of malonic dialdehyde, superoxidismutase and catalase were studied in intact liver tissue. The rate of free radical processes and super-oxidismutase level in liver metastases were lower than in intact tissue. Free radical concentration in the perifocal zone of liver metastases was lower too, which might have stimulated proliferation in metastatic foci.

[The effect of pyrazidole on monoamine level in hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na soderzhanie monoaminov pri gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

Increase of serotonin content and decrease in 5-hydroxyindolyl acetic acid (5-HIAA) were observed under hypoxic conditions (9,000 m, 3 hrs) which correlated with inhibition of monoamine oxidase A. Administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pyrazidole caused the more pronounced increase of serotonin levels and decrease of 5-HIAA in control animals as well as in hypoxic animals. The catecholamines increased in hypoxia, pretreatment with pyrazidole prevented this increase. Preliminary administration of pyrazidole also increased the content of blood catecholamines, which reduced in hypoxia. Pyrazidole exhibited the antistress effect as the drug inhibited a decrease in adrenal ascorbic acid levels in hypoxic conditions.

[The effect of pyrazidol on animal status and on the monoamine level in periodic hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na sostoianie zhivotnykh i soderzhanie monoaminov pri periodicheskoi gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

The effects of 3 and 10-day intermittent hypoxia corresponding to the altitude 5000 m, during 4 hrs a day, were studied. Daily administration of pyrazidol exerted a normalising effect on the plasma total peroxidase activity, extra erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration and adrenal ascorbic acid content. Unprotected rats developed a 2-fold reduction of the body mass under the 10-day hypoxia. Administration of pyrazidol normalises catecholamines content in the hypothalamus and brain cortex in the 3-day hypoxia, prevents a monoamine content decrease in the hypothalamus and adrenals in the 10-day hypoxia, promotes a serotonin increase in the brain areas. Adrenal norepinephrine content was twice as large in the protected animals than in unprotected those. An adaptogenic role of pyrazidol under conditions of an intermittent hypoxia is discussed.

[Status of cell membrane enzymes in hypoxia and the protective effect of pyrazidole]. / Sostoianie membrannykh fermentov kletki pri gipoksii i zashchitnyi éffekt pirazidola.

The influence of hypobaric hypoxia simulating the altitude of 9000 m above the sea level during 3 hours on the stability of erythrocyte, lysosomal, and mitochondrial membranes, has been studied. The increase in extra erythrocyte hemoglobin and free iron concentrations and the total peroxidase activity in blood plasma testify to increased permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. An increase in the free activity of acid peptide hydrolases in the soluble fraction and their activity decrease in the lysosomal membrane. The mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity in the soluble fraction of the brain is suggestive of structural damages to the mitochondrial membrane. Preliminary administration of pyrasidol prior to hypoxia has a stabilizing effect on all types of membrane structures.

[Effects of pyrazidol on resistance of animals to hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na ustoichivost' zhivotnykh k gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

The influence of monoamine oxidase type A inhibitor pyrazidol on rats sensitivity to hypobaric hypoxia was investigated. Preliminary pyrazidol administration shows evident protective effect under hypoxia. It increases animals survival at the altitude of 12,000 m above the sea level, prevents lungs affection and erythrocyte membrane destabilization at the altitude of 9,000 m during 3 hours. Plasma total peroxidase activity, extraerythrocyte hemoglobin concentration and free iron content were used as the indexes of erythrocyte membrane stability reflecting the organism state under stress effects.

[Monoamine oxidase and diamine oxidase activity of the tissues of rats in the convulsive phase of oxygen poisoning]. / Aktivnost' monoaminoksidazy i diaminoksidazy v tkaniakh krys v sudorozhnuiu fazu kislorodnoi intoksikatsii.

Monoamine oxidase type A activity with substrate serotonine and type B with substrate p-nitrophenylethylamine decreases is rats' brain, liver, heart and blood during oxygen convulsions. Substrate specificity of the enzyme type A alters in all tissues studied. Diamine oxidase activity decreases in brain, lungs and liver approximately in 2 times and increases in blood at 48%. Histamine content increases in all tissues in 3-4 times, in blood--in 12 times. The role of observed changes in the mechanism of oxygen intoxication is discussed.