Estimations of the number people with mental diseases associated with toxoplasmosis and identification of risk factors by continent.

Strong evidence exists based on metanalysis of the relationship between toxoplasmosis and many psychiatric diseases: schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and suicidal behavior. Herein, we estimate the number of cases based on the attributable fraction due to toxoplasmosis on these diseases. The population attributable fraction of mental disease associated with toxoplasmosis was 20,4% for schizophrenia; 27,3% for bipolar disorder; and 0,29% for suicidal behavior (self-harm). The lower and upper estimated number of people with mental disease associated with toxoplasmosis was 4'816.491 and 5'564.407 for schizophrenia; 6'348.946 and 7'510.118,82 for bipolar disorder; and 24.310 and 28.151 for self-harm; for a global total lower estimated number of 11'189.748 and global total upper estimated number of 13'102.678 people with mental disease associated with toxoplasmosis for the year 2019. According to the prediction through the Bayesian model of risk factors for toxoplasmosis associated with mental disease, these varied in importance geographically; thus, in Africa, the most important risk factor was water contamination and in the European region, the cooking conditions of meats. Toxoplasmosis and mental health should be a research priority given the enormous potential impact of reducing this parasite in the general population.

A Case of Angioimmunoblastic T-cell Lymphoma Hidden in Plain Sight: A Delay in Diagnosis and Management.

Angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) is an uncommon type of cluster of differentiation (CD)4 T-cell peripheral lymphoma. The varied clinical presentations of AITL present a challenge for accurate diagnosis. We present a case of a 57-year-old female with a history of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in May 2020, who presented to the hospital in the summer of 2021 with shortness of breath for 3 months. She underwent an extensive workup for lymphadenopathy while in Canada involving multiple core lymph node biopsies, which were inconclusive. Here in our institution, several tests for infectious diseases were unremarkable. Imaging tests revealed bilateral pleural effusion, lymphadenopathies, and rectal thickening. Results from rectal biopsy and excisional cervical lymph node biopsy revealed findings typical of AITL. Due to worsening hypoxia with pleural fluid accumulation, bilateral chest tubes (PleurX catheter) were placed. Steroids and chemotherapy were started. She was discharged in stable condition to follow-up care. An integrated and persistent approach comprising clinical, morphologic, excisional biopsy, immunophenotyping, and molecular tests is essential in reaching a correct diagnosis of AITL. Through our consistent effort to obtain further imaging and tissue biopsies, we came to the diagnosis which allowed her to begin appropriate life-saving treatments.

Atención psicosocial integral en enfermedad catastrófica (Atinar) / Integrative Psychosocial Care in Catastrophic Illness

La enfermedad médico-quirúrgica catastrófica (EMQ-C) se define como una enfermedad aguda o prolongada, usualmente considerada como amenazante para la vida o con el riesgo de dejar discapacidad residual importante. La EMQ-C , a menudo, conlleva trastornos psicosociales que afectan de manera importante su evolución, porque alteran el proceso de rehabilitación, los hábitos saludables y la calidad de vida y, además, limitan la adherencia al tratamiento. Por lo tanto, para ofrecer un tratamiento a la persona quien la padece, es necesario desarrollar modelos que permitan identificar y tratar integralmente todos los aspectos médicos, psicológicos y sociales. La legislación colombiana, desde la aprobación de la Ley 100 de 1993, reglamentó la atención integral de la EMQ-C. No obstante, el desarrollo de programas de atención integral que incluyan lo psicosocial ha sido lento. Se presenta un modelo teórico de atención psicosocial integral en EMQ-C, que sigue los lineamientos de la medicina biopsicosocial de Ángel, junto a un modelo denominado medicina cognitiva , desarrollado previamente por uno de los autores (HR). El modelo incluye aspectos y procedimientos necesarios para su funcionamiento ajustado a la ley colombiana.

Medical Surgical Catastrophic Illness (MSIC) is defined as an acute or chronic lifethreatening disease or with risk of important disability. MSI-C is frequently associated with Psychosocial Disorders influencing the outcome due to effects on the rehabilitation process, quality of life and compliance. The development of integrative models of care that cover medical, psychological and social aspects is necessary in order to offer treatment to the person with MSI-C. Since Law 100 of 1993 was passed, Colombia ruled an integrative model of care for catastrophic illness. Noteworthy, implementation of these programs has been slow. In this article a theoretical model of integrative psychosocial care that follows recommendations of Engel's Biopsychosocial Model and the Cognitive Medicine model developed by one of the authors (HR). The model includes necessary aspects and procedures for its implementation according to Colombian Law.