Endometrial Cancer in a Transgender Man with Prolonged Exogenous Testosterone Use.

BACKGROUND: Hormone therapy (HT) in transgender males requires monitoring. For amenorrheic transmasculine individuals on HT, episodes of abnormal vaginal bleeding should be assessed promptly. CASE: A 33-year-old transgender man on exogenous testosterone therapy for medical gender transition was found to have stage IV endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma. Surgical resection was performed for symptom control, and the patient was treated with palliative chemotherapy. The tumor was androgen receptor-negative, and, after a multidisciplinary discussion of the risks and benefits of continuing exogenous testosterone, testosterone therapy was restarted postoperatively. CONCLUSION: Long-term androgen use may have unknown implications for the development of malignancy, and treating reproductive organ cancer in transgender males may be complicated by the desire to continue androgen therapy.

Developing a hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) gynecologic oncology program: a Canadian experience.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is a treatment option for epithelial ovarian cancer following cytoreductive surgery. The intraperitoneal spread of the disease makes the peritoneal cavity an ideal target for drug delivery. HIPEC has shown promising results in improving overall survival in epithelial ovarian cancer patients when performed during interval cytoreductive surgery. Recent studies have provided level 1 evidence supporting increased overall survival in stage III ovarian cancer patients treated with HIPEC during interval cytoreduction. Meta-analyses have further confirmed the survival improvement in women receiving HIPEC. Despite its inclusion in guidelines, many centers have been hesitant to implement HIPEC programs due to perceived obstacles, such as increased morbidity, cost, and resource requirements. Studies have shown that morbidity rates are acceptable in selected patients, and the addition of HIPEC to cytoreductive surgery is cost effective. Therefore, the main barrier to implementing HIPEC programs is related to resource requirements and logistics, but with proper preparation, these challenges can be overcome. Establishing a successful HIPEC program requires institutional support, a knowledgeable and dedicated team, adequate resources and equipment, and proper training and audit. This review aims to provide evidence based information to guide the development of successful HIPEC programs, including preoperative, anesthetic, and surgical considerations. It also reviews the different equipment and protocols for the perfusion and common postoperative events.

A Constellation of Rare Gynecological Malignancies and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis Gastrointestinal Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report.

Ovarian microcystic stromal tumors (MST) are a rare subtype of sex-cord stromal tumors. We are presenting a case of a MST arising in a patient with familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) and concurrent colonic adenocarcinoma. During the patient's workup of an ampullary adenoma associated with her FAP, she was found to have an enlarged uterus with a thickened endometrium and an incidental pelvic mass on the fundus of the uterus. Subsequent imaging identified heterogenous bulky ovaries. This patient underwent surgical resection including a total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, omentectomy, bilateral pelvic sentinel lymph node biopsy during her planned total proctocolectomy and transduodenal ampullectomy. Extensive histologic and immunohistochemical investigations were completed and the final pathology report revealed a unique compilation of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics Stage II, grade 1 endometrioid endometrial adenocarcinoma, bilateral ovarian MST, a sperate pedunculated mass favoring a diagnosis of uterine tumor resembling ovarian sex cord tumor (UTROSCT), 2 distinct adenocarcinomas of the colon (T2N0 and T1N0) and a tubular adenoma of the ampulla. The pathology showed the endometroid adenocarcinoma was ß-catenin negative while the MST and UTROSCT both showed nuclear positivity with ß-catenin. To our knowledge this is the first reported case of a UTROSCT with concurrent endometrial adenocarcinoma presenting with bilateral ovarian MST's and adenomatous polyposis coli gene positive FAP colon adenocarcinoma.

Are There Differences between Women who Choose Elective Repeat Caesarean Versus Trial of Labour in St. John's, NL?

OBJECTIVES: To compare the demographic and clinical characteristics between women who chose elective repeat Caesarean section (ERCS) versus trial of labour after Caesarean section (TOLAC) in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL). METHODS: We conducted a retrospective case control study of women with live singleton gestations delivering at term in St. John's, NL between January 1, 2001 and December 31, 2014. Inclusion criteria were women who had a previous single lower segment Caesarean section (LSCS). TOLAC, successful TOLAC, and VBAC rates were calculated. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared between women who chose ERCS versus TOLAC. Univariate analyses and multiple logistic regression analyses were performed, and adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and 95% CIs were calculated. RESULTS: A total of 1579 women were included, of whom 160 (10.1%) chose TOLAC, with 107 resulting in successful VBAC (67% successful TOLAC rate). The overall VBAC rate was 6.8%. Women who chose ERCS compared with those who chose TOLAC were more likely to be obese (aOR 3.20, 95% CI 1.85-5.54, P < 0.001), less likely to have had GA at delivery greater than 40 weeks (aOR 0.13, 95% CI 0.08-0.21, P < 0.001), less likely to have had a previous vaginal delivery (aOR 0.40, 95% CI 0.20-0.80, P < 0.001), and less likely to have had the previous CS for breech presentation (aOR 0.51, 95% CI 0.33-0.80, P = 0.003). CONCLUSIONS: The overall TOLAC and VBAC rates in St. John's are low when compared with reported national rates. The successful TOLAC rate is within the expected range reported in the literature. Differences exist between women who chose ERCS compared with TOLAC.