Correlation of Antibodies to Neurotransmitters in the Sera of Women with Alcohol Dependence and Depressive Disorders.

Comparative analysis of blood sera from women with alcohol dependence and depressive disorders or from conditionally healthy women revealed reduced level of antibodies to dopamine, norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, and GABA in blood serum in women with dysthymic disorder and a depressive episode and their increased content in women with alcohol dependence in combination with depressive disorders.

[OLFACTORY EEG PATTERNS OF MENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL DISORDERS DUE TO PSYCHOACTIVE SUBSTANCE USE].

The 74 persons, including the 39 persons with mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance use (PAS) and the 35 persons with subclinical forms of substance use, are examined. The olfactory EEG patterns, differing in narcological patients depending on the range of PAS used, are revealed. EEG markers of olfactory response to isopropanol, thymol and androstenone in combination with emotional evaluation, having hemispheric features, can be diagnostic and differential predictive factors for assessment of predisposition to mental and behavioral disorders due to PAS use.

Cytokine mediated changes of pain sensitivity in predisposition to substance dependence.

The purpose of study was evaluation of extra and intracellular cytokine production in blood cultures and cytokine-pain relationship at different stages od addiction. Methods: Classic and multiplex enzyme immunoassay, flow, cytometry, algometry, visual analogue scale were used in 34 abusers, 12 users and 20 control subjects. Results: Cytokine profile correlated with clinical parameters and pain sensitivity in abusers (mostly IL-6 and IL-1ß). IL-10 production is increased in episodic and systematic users. Activation of intracellular IL-6 synthesis was found in users. Both parameters are expected to affect the emotional evaluation of pain. Conclusion: To assess the predisposition to substance dependence most informative are balance of extra and intracellular production of IL-6 and IL-10 and algometry.

Association of Cytokine Production with Hormone Level and Sensory Responses during the Formation of Psychoactive Drug Addiction in Men.

We performed immunophysiological examination of 144 men aged 17-25 years, patients with psychoactive substance dependence, episodic psychoactive drug users, and conditionally healthy individuals. Associations of proinflammatory cytokine production with age, sex, hormone levels, and olfactory and nociceptive indices were revealed in cases of psychoactive drug use and formation of addiction. Predictive models based on the use of androstenone aversion, pressure algometry testing, and immunological parameters were proposed.

[Association between pathological olfaction, immunological abnormalities and predisposition to substance use].

OBJECTIVE: To reveal olfactory parameters of substance addiction formation through evaluation of predictive capability of olfactometry combined with laboratory-immunological methods. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Authors examined 156 people of both sexes aged 18-25 years. Three comparison groups with different attitudes towards psychoactive substances were formed as follows: people who do not use psychoactive substances (controls), episodic consumers (group at risk) and people with dependence syndrome. RESULTS: The occurrence of olfactory abnormalities in the anamnesis has immunological, psychological and behavioral correlates and is associated with earlier age of onset of substance consumption. The severity of aversive reactions to the test odorant is reduced already in the stage of episodic substance use and is associated with clinical signs of immune deficiency, suppression of cellular immunity and an increase in blood cortisol levels in substance abusers. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic and predictive modeling in the field of biological and clinical science of drug addiction is possible based on immunological and olfactory parameters.

[Relationship between sex hormones, pheromones, interleukine production and risk of drug dependence].

Serum steroid hormones and production of proinflammatory cytokines in 109 individuals with substance dependence, 34 occasional users and 78 control subjects were examined. Immaturity of gender as a risk factor for the formation of drug dependence associated with infectious and inflammatory processes was estimated by olfactory pheromone tests.

[Autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA in opiate addiction].

Blood serum from 129 patients with opium addiction at different stages of the disease and 63 donors (control group) was examined for the presence of autoantibodies to the exciting and inhibitory amino acids glutamate and GABA. It was shown enhanced production of autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA. Dependence of the level and frequency of detec- tion of autoantibodies to glutamate and GABA on the stage of the disease was revealed.

Ratio of antibodies to neurotransmitters in the serum of students, occasional drug users.

The survey included volunteer students of secondary and higher educational institutions. Two groups have been formed based on the results of clinical and laboratory studies. Group 1 comprised students occasionally using cannabinoids and amphetamines (risk group for psychoactive substances addiction) and group 2 included students who do not use drugs. The serum level of autoantibodies to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin was reduced in the risk group.

Neurophysiological patterns of search and creative behavior in patients with psychoactive substance-induced disorders.

The correlation between search and creative behavior with parameters of bioelectric brain activity was observed in patients with addictive disorders. The prevalence of α- and θ-activities in the parietal-temporal-occipital areas of the cortex and increased θ-activity in the right hemisphere in addiction patients with high search and creative activities were associated with enhanced high-frequency activity in these brain areas. These changes can reflect the formation of a focus of pathologically increased excitation related to the pathogenic mechanisms of addictive disorders.

[Antibodies to neurotransmitters as possible neuroimmune risk markers of formation dependence to psychoactive substances].

In the sera of patients with opioid addiction has been found elevated levels of autoantibodies to the neurotransmitters dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin in comparison with a control group of healthy people of the same age. In the group of patients with acute withdrawal was showed a reduction of antibody to dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin in the blood serum when compared with patients in the period of postabstinent disorders. In the group of patients with risk for the formation of substance dependence in serum was observed decrease in autoantibodies to dopamine and norepinephrine compared with the control group.

[EEG features during olfactory stimulation in drug dependence persons].

Power spectra analysis EEG was used for baseline interval and during olfactory stimulation in drug dependence and healthy persons. Intergroup differences of EEG spectra were related with enhancement of cortex biopotential power in narcological patients at parietal and temporal sites. Interhemispheres features of frequency bands contribution in EEG spectra were identified. Increased biopotential power in drug dependence persons was observed at left temporal hemisphere in high-frequency bands in baseline interval and during olfactory stimulation. Increased power of alpha activity was typical for right temporal hemisphere in narcological patients as compare to healthy persons. Detected neurophysiological patterns may be related with psychological and behavioral features of addictive disorders.

Effect of carnosine on immunocompetent cells from alcoholic patients.

We studied the effect of natural dipeptide carnosine on phagocytosis, respiratory burst in neutrophils, and subpopulation composition of lymphocytes from healthy donors and alcoholic patients. Carnosine in vitro produced different effects on immunocompetent cells from healthy donors and patients with alcoholism. In patients with alcoholism phagocytic activity of leukocytes and generation of reaction oxygen species increased under the influence of carnosine in a concentration of 0.01 mM, but decreased after treatment with this compound in a concentration of 1 mM. Carnosine in both concentrations stimulated the respiratory burst, but had no effect on the count of phagocytic cells in healthy donors. Carnosine in a concentration of 0.01 mM increased the number of lymphocytes carrying apoptosis markers (CD95+) in patients with alcoholism not receiving therapy. Our results indicate that carnosine holds much promise for the therapy of alcoholism.

[Relation between the psychoemotional state and the heart rate regulation and immune status in human]. / Sviaz' psikhoemotsional'nogo sostoianiia s reguliatsiei ritma serdtsa i immunnym statusom cheloveka.

Change of heart rate variability in orthostatic test and immunologic parameters in healthy persons depend from their anxiety. Anxious persons were characterized by increase of sympathetic nervous activity at baseline and in orthostatic test, stimulation of immunologic parameters. In persons with high trait anxiety and not high state anxiety immunosuppression and failing of sympathetic nervous activity were found. In unanxious persons prevalence of parasympathetic nervous activity in heart rate regulation and intermediate immunologic parameters were revealed.

[Dynamic immunologic reactivity of schizophrenics during psychopharmacotherapy as exemplified by virus-induced reactions of the blood lymphocytes]. / Dinamika immunologicheskoi reaktivnosti bol'nykh shizofreniei v protsesse psikhofarmakoterapii na primere virusindutsirovannykh reaktsii limfotsitov krovi.

Clinical immunological investigation of 149 schizophrenic patients, 89 healthy donors and 38 infected patients revealed the fact of high lymphocyte reactivity in schizophrenic patients inhabitants of the city of Tomsk and Tomsk Province to the viral antigens of herpes simplex and Far-Eastern encephalitis. The course of herpes-induced immune responses was largely associated with the course of psychopathological signs. The role of immunomodulating and desensitizing effects of psychotropic therapy is discussed.