Dysmetabolism of Peripheral Blood Monocytes in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

The level of ROS (fluorescent probe 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) and lipid content (fluorescent lipophilic dye Nile Red) in the peripheral blood monocyte fraction from patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and healthy volunteers were assessed by flow cytofluorimetry. The number of CD36+ monocytes was assessed using specific antibodies. In patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, the levels of ROS and intracellular lipids in monocytes and the number of cells expressing CD36 fatty acid translocase were elevated. These results indicate metabolic changes in the peripheral blood cells of patients with carbohydrate metabolism disorders and can be considered as possible prognostic markers for the development of type 1 diabetes mellitus complications.

The Level of Anti-Polyethylene Glycol (PEG) Immunoglobulin G Antibodies in Human Serum Does Not Correlate with Efficiency of PEGylated Nanoparticle Uptake by Monocytes.

The presence of anti-polyethylene glycol (PEG) antibodies can limit the clinical efficacy of PEGylated drugs and cause anaphylactic reactions in patients. Monocytes/macrophages are effector cells involved in IgG-mediated passive systemic anaphylaxis. We studied the influence of human blood serum on the efficiency of uptake of PEGylated nanoparticles by human blood monocytes. It has been shown that magnetic nanoparticles modified with PEG-3000 and solid lipid nanoparticles containing PEG-2000 are avidly internalized by human blood monocytes in vitro, the uptake efficiency depends on the features (composition) of donor blood serum, but does not correlate with the level of the IgG antibody against PEG.

Intracellular Lipid Levels and Oxidative Stress in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Experimental Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus was modeled in Wistar rats by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (25 mg/kg for 5 days), which led to the appearance of the main symptoms of insulin-dependent diabetes. In peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated by centrifugation on a Ficoll density gradient, the production of ROS and the level of intracellular lipids were evaluated by flow cytofluorimetry. In rats with type 1 diabetes mellitus, an increase in ROS levels in isolated peripheral blood monocytes, but not in the lymphocytic fraction was revealed. Incubation of isolated monocytes in a medium containing 1 mM oleic acid led to a 1.5-fold increase of intracellular lipid levels. After incubation of the lymphocyte fraction in this medium, no differences from the control were revealed. Disorders of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type 1 diabetes mellitus leading to an increase of free fatty acids and ROS levels can be detected ex vivo in isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells.

Evaluation of Regenerative Potential of Cryopreserved Adenosine-Modified Monocytes on the Model of Burn Wounds.

We studied viability of adenosine-modified monocytes after cryopreservation and their regenerative potential. The optimal method of cell cryopreservation was the use of serum-free medium followed by storage in liquid nitrogen. Injections of adenosine-modified monocytes after 12-week cryopreservation around grade IIIB burn wound accelerated healing of the skin defect and significantly improved the histological pattern of the damage area at delayed terms.

Effect of Acorus calamus L. Polysaccharide on CD274 and CD326 Expression by Lewis Lung Carcinoma Cells in Mice.

Tumor cells can maintain their growth via immunosuppression and escape from host antitumor immunity by controlling the PD-1/PD-L1 system. Expression of PD-L1 (CD274) is an inhibitory signal for T cells, while the increase in CD326 expression in the tumor tissue correlates with metastasis development. The experimental preparation on the basis of α(1,2)-L-rhamno-α(1,4)-D-galactopyranosyluronan from Acorus calamus L. produces an antitumor effect: it reduces tumor node size and the number and area of metastases after transplantation of Lewis lung carcinoma. Using flow cytometry, we demonstrated a decrease in the population of tumor cells expressing surface CD274 (PD-L1) and CD326 antigens after 20-day course of α(1,2)-L-rhamno-α(1,4)-D-galactopyranosyluronan.