The effect of a cricket fielding session on glenohumeral range of motion and active joint position sense.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of a cricket fielding session, at an identified throwing injury risk workload, on shoulder joint position sense (JPS) and active range of motion (AROM) in cricketers. DESIGN: Repeated measures observational study. SETTING: Indoor cricket centre. PARTICIPANTS: Nineteen, asymptomatic University cricketers. MAIN OUTCOME: AROM was assessed supine at 90° abduction and from this 10% off end range IR and ER was used as the position matching angle to assess JPS. JPS error scores as well as AROM were assessed pre and post a cricket fielding session consisting of 40 throws. RESULTS: Following the cricket fielding session, no alteration in JPS in ER (p = 0.91) or IR (p = 0.27) was observed. There was however a significant decrease in IR (-3.9°) following the fielding drill (p = 0.007) while no significant change was observed in ER or total motion. CONCLUSION: Active IR ROM is significantly decreased immediately following a cricket fielding drill, while no alterations in JPS were observed. High levels of eccentric stress have been reported in the external rotators after throwing which may contribute to the acute musculotendinous adaptations observed. Changes in IR may be a contributing factor to workload-acquired shoulder throwing injuries.

A form of relapse prevention for men in a high security hospital.

BACKGROUND: Marlatt and Gordon's relapse prevention model has evolved, and been applied to many repetitive problem behaviours, including drug use, gambling and sexual offending. High security hospital patients often present with a number of such behaviours. AIM: To evaluate a relapse prevention group in one high security hospital. METHOD: Nine patients were selected on clinical need for the group. In a naturalistic study design, each completed several self-report questionnaires pre- and post-group. RESULTS: Analysis of group results demonstrated a significant increase in guilt and acceptance of responsibility for offences (GBAI ratings), and reduced endorsement of pro-offending thinking styles (PICTS). Movement towards increased empathy, and decreased impulsivity and venturesomeness, did not reach significance. All participants showed some changes in desired directions but effects were small. CONCLUSIONS: Both relapse prevention and its evaluation are limited in high security hospitals by the restricted opportunities for testing out new skills. The feasibility of delivering an RP programme and evaluating it in high security has nevertheless been established. The small effects found may be promising, and suggest both justification and need for a randomized controlled trial of this approach in that setting.