3-[3-(2-Fluoro-benzo-yl)thio-ureido]propionic acid.

In the title compound, C10H11FN3O3S, the 2-fluoro-benzoyl and proponic acid groups maintain a trans-cis conformation with respect to the thiono C=S bond across their C-N bonds. The propionic acid group adopts an anti conformation about the C-C bond, with an N-C-C-C torsion angle of 173.8 (2)°. The amino groups are involved in the formation of intra-molecular N-H⋯O and N-H⋯F hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, pairs of O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds link mol-ecules into inversion dimers.

Isolation of a Pigment-producing Strain of Staphylococcus kloosii from the Respiratory Tree of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota () from Malaysian Waters.

Staphylococcus kloosii, an orange pigment-producing bacterium, was isolated from the respiratory tree of Holothuria (Mertensiothuria) leucospilota (Brandt 1835) from Teluk Nipah, Pangkor Island, Perak, Malaysia. This report is the first documentation of this Gram-positive strain, referred to as Strain 68 in Malaysia. A partial 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence of the mesophilic strain has been registered with GenBank (National Center for Biotechnology Information, US National Library of Medicine) with accession number JX102547. Phylogenetic analysis using the neighbour-joining method further supported the identification of Strain 68 as S. kloosii. The circular strain produced orange pigments on tryptone glucose yeast extract agar (TGYEA) and in nutrient broth (NB) at approximately pH 7. The visible spectra of ethanolic and methanolic pigment extracts of the bacterial strain were considered identical with λmax at 426, 447 and 475 nm and λmax at 426, 445 and 473 nm, respectively. Both visible spectra resemble the visible spectra of lutein, which is a commercial carotenoid; however, further analyses are required to confirm the identity of this pigment. The methanolic extracts of the intracellular pigments comprised at least three pigment compounds: an orange pigment compound (major compound), a yellow pigment compound (the least polar) and a pink pigment compound (the most polar). These findings are the first documentation of the pigment composition of S. kloosii as no such record could be found to date.

Galactagogue effects of Musa x paradisiaca flower extract on lactating rats.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the potential of Musa x paradisiaca (M. x paradisiaca) flower extracts in promoting milk production of lactating rats and its effects on growth of the suckling pups. METHODS: Galactagogue activity was evaluated in terms of quantity of milk produced from the rats treated with petroleum ether, ethanol or water extracts of the flower. Lactating rats (n = 5) of Spraque Dawley with six pups each were administered with the extracts in the amount of 500 mg/kg body weight, while the control rats were given an equivalent amount of distilled water. The rats were daily administered via oral feeding starting from Day 5 until Day 14 and the performance of milk production was measured along the experimental period by weight-suckle-weight method. Results were statistically analyzed using SPSS by means of ANOVA at 0.05 and was expressed as their mean?standard deviation. The rates of pups' growth were measured as the weight gain along the experimental period. RESULTS: The rats treated with aqueous extract produced higher milk than control and ethanol groups. Aqueous extract was identified to increase milk production by 25%, while petroleum ether extract by 18%. The mean of yields produced by the rats during suckling period for aqueous, petroleum ether, ethanol and control were 4.62±2.45, 4.37±1.93, 3.65±1.89 and 3.69±1.79, respectively. Growth rates of pups for the rats treated with control, aqueous, ethanol extract and petroleum ether were (1.85±0.49), (1.78±0.56), (1.65±0.46) and (1.56±0.42) g/pup, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The present study reveals the potential of M. x paradisiaca flower to enhance milk production of nursing mothers which could be exploited for commercialization of the isolated extract.

2-sec-Butyl-1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylic acid.

In the title compound, C(14)H(18)N(2)O(3), the carb-oxy-lic group is tilted by 12.00 (4)° with respect to the mean plane throught the benzimidazole ring system. The alcohol and carboxyl hydroxy groups are involved in intermolecular O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a two-dimensional network extending parallel the ab plane. The network is further stabilized by weak C-H⋯O inter-actions. The sec-butyl group is disordered over two sets of sites with refined occupancies of 0.484 (4) and 0.516 (4).

1-(4-Chloro-butano-yl)-3-(2-nitro-phen-yl)thio-urea.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(11)H(12)ClN(3)O(3)S, contains two independent mol-ecules with different conformations in which the benzene ring and the thio-urea fragment form dihedral angles of 87.28 (12) and 66.44 (10)°. The O atom of the thio-amide group is involved in bifurcated N-H⋯O intra- and inter-molecular hydrogen bonding; the latter inter-action links the independent mol-ecules into a dimer. In the crystal, N-H⋯S inter-actions link the mol-ecules into chains propagating along the c axis.

1-(Biphenyl-4-ylcarbon-yl)-3-(2-chloro-4-nitro-phen-yl)thio-urea.

The benzene rings of the biphenyl group in the title compound, C(20)H(14)ClN(3)O(3)S, are nearly coplanar [maximum deviation = 0.20 (3) Å]. The mean plane of the biphenyl group forms a dihedral angle of 5.24 (7)° with the aromatic ring of the nitro-chloro-benzene group. Intra-molecular N-H⋯Cl, N-H⋯O and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds stabilize the cis-trans conformation of the mol-ecule. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by C-H⋯O and C-H⋯S hydrogen bonds into mutually inter-woven corrugated layers parallel to (10-2).

1-(4-Chloro-butano-yl)-3-(2-chloro-phen-yl)thio-urea.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C(11)H(12)Cl(2)N(2)OS, contains two crystallographically independent mol-ecules with different conformations: the benzene ring and the thio-urea fragment form dihedral angles of 74.32 (11) and 89.39 (11)°. One amino group in each mol-ecule is involved in intra-molecular N-H⋯O and inter-molecular N-H⋯O hydrogen bonding: the latter links pairs of independent mol-ecules into dimers. In the crystal, weak N-H⋯S inter-actions link these dimers into chains propagating along the c axis.

Ethyl 1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-(4-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxyl-ate monohydrate.

In the title mol-ecule, C(19)H(20)N(2)O(4)·H(2)O, the benzimidazole ring system is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.013 (11) Å] and is inclined to the 4-meth-oxy-phenyl ring by 30.98 (5)°. In the crystal, O-H⋯O and O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the water mol-ecule link neighbouring mol-ecules, forming a two-dimensional network lying parallel to the bc plane. There are also C-H⋯π and π-π inter-actions present. The latter involve inversion-related benzimidazole rings with centroid-centroid distances of 3.5552 (8) and 3.7466 (8) Å.

Ethyl 1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-[2-(methyl-sulfan-yl)eth-yl]-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C(15)H(20)N(2)O(3)S, the hy-droxy group is involved in the formation of O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, which link two mol-ecules into a centrosymmetric dimer. Weak C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds further link these dimers into chains propagating along the a axis. The crystal packing exhibits π-π inter-actions between the five- and six-membered rings of neighbouring mol-ecules [centroid-centroid distance = 3.819 (2) Å] and short inter-molecular S⋯S contacts of 3.495 (1) Å.

2-Bromo-4-(3,4-dimethyl-5-phenyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-yl)-6-meth-oxy-phenol.

In the title compound, C(18)H(20)BrNO(3), the oxazolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the N atom at the flap position. The mean plane of oxazolidine ring makes dihedral angles of 82.96 (13) and 70.97 (12)°, respectively, with the phenyl and benzene rings. In the crystal, adjacent mol-ecules are connected via O-H⋯O and C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and C-H⋯π inter-actions into a zigzag chain along the b axis.

Ethyl 1-(butan-2-yl)-2-(2-meth-oxy-phen-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(21)H(24)N(2)O(3), the mean planes of the benzene ring and the benzimidazole ring system form a dihedral angle of 69.94 (7)°. The ethyl group atoms of the ethano-ate fragment are disordered over two sets of sites, with refined occupancies of 0.742 (6) and 0.258 (6). In the crystal, there are weak C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds which connect mol-ecules into chains along the b axis. A weak inter-molecular C-H⋯π inter-action is also observed.

Ethyl 2-(4-bromo-phen-yl)-1-sec-butyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(20)H(21)BrN(2)O(2), the bromo-phenyl ring is twisted by 40.13 (8)° from the benzimidazole mean plane and the Br atom deviates by 0.753 (1) Šfrom that plane. The sec-butyl group is disordered over two conformations in a 0.898 (5):0.102 (5) ratio. In the crystal, mol-ecules related by translation along [[Formula: see text]10] are linked into chains via weak C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds.

Ethyl 1-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)-2-propyl-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(15)H(20)N(2)O(3), the benzimidazole ring is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation from the mean plane of 0.012 (1) Å. The crystal structure is stabilized by inter-molecular O-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming centrosymmetric dimers, which are connected in the [100] direction through weak C-H⋯O contacts.

Ethyl 1-sec-butyl-2-(4-fluoro-phen-yl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxyl-ate.

In the title compound, C(20)H(21)FN(2)O(2), the benzene ring and the benzimidazole ring system are inclined at a dihedral angle of 44.40 (9)°. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by inter-molecular C-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag chain along the b-axis direction. An intra-molecular C-H⋯π inter-action is also observed.