E2F family play important roles in tumorigenesis.

Tumors are serious threats to human health. The transcription factors are regarded as the potential targets for tumor treatment. As an important family of transcription factors, E2F family transcription factors (E2Fs) play vital roles in cell proliferation and regulation. However, the expression feature, gene functions, and molecular interactions of E2Fs in tumorigenesis are not clear. In this study, the transcriptome data, mutation data, and protein-protein interaction data of 10 high-incidence tumors in China from the TCGA database were integrated and analyzed to explore the expression, structure, function, mutation, and phylogenetic characteristics of E2Fs. The results showed that E2F1 and E2F7 were regularly upregulated in the tumor samples. Moreover, E2Fs participated in the regulation of the cell cycle, cell aging, and other signaling pathways. As an important regulator, E2F1 interacted with more proteins than other E2Fs. At the same time, the genetic mutation types of E2Fs varied in tumor type and patient sex, of which gene amplification accounts for the largest proportion. Phylogenetic analysis showed that E2Fs were conserved in 41 species, including fruit flies, nematodes, and humans. Meanwhile, E2Fs had a tendency for gene expansion during evolution. In conclusion, this study clarified the expression pattern, mutation characteristics, and evolutionary trend of E2Fs in high-incidence tumors in China, and suggested that E2F family transcription factors could be novel diagnostic markers for tumor diseases. Furthermore, this work can provide a theoretical basis for the development of anti-tumor-targeted drugs.

[Estimation of soil organic carbon density and storage in Zhejiang Province of East China by using 1:50000 soil database].

As an important component of the carbon pool of terrestrial ecosystem, soil carbon pool plays a key role in the studies of greenhouse effect and global change. By using a 1:50000 soil database, the organic carbon density in the 0-100 cm layer of 277 soil species in Zhejiang Province was estimated, and the soil organic carbon (SOC) density and storage in the whole Province as well as the spatial distribution of the SOC density and storage in the main soil types of the Province were analyzed. In the whole Province, the SOC density ranged from 5 kg.m-2 to 10 kg.m-2. Among the main soil types in the Province, humic mountain yellow soil had the highest SOC density (52.80 kg.m-2), whereas fluvio-sand ridge soil had the lowest one (1.82 kg.m-2). Red soil and paddy soil had the largest SOC storages, with the sum accounting for 63.8% of the total SOC storage in the Province. The total area of the soils in the Province was 100784.19 km2, the estimated SOC storage was 875. 42 x 10(6) t, and the estimated SOC density was averagely 8.69 kg.m-2. The analysis with the superposition digital elevation model showed that the SOC density presented an obvious variation trend with the changes of elevation, slope gradient, and aspect.