RESUMEN
Radiation for pelvic cancers can result in severe bladder damage and radiation cystitis (RC), which is characterized by chronic inflammation, fibrosis, and vascular damage. RC development is poorly understood because bladder biopsies are difficult to obtain. The goal of this study is to gain understanding of molecular changes that drive radiation-induced cystitis in cancer survivors using urine samples from prostate cancer survivors with history of radiation therapy. 94 urine samples were collected from prostate cancer survivors with (n = 85) and without (n = 9) history of radiation therapy. 15 patients with radiation history were officially diagnosed with radiation cystitis. Levels of 47 different proteins were measured using Multiplex Luminex. Comparisons were made between non-irradiated and irradiated samples, and within irradiated samples based on radiation cystitis diagnosis, symptom scores or hematuria. Statistical analysis was performed using Welch's t-test. In prostate cancer survivors with history of radiation therapy, elevated levels of PAI 1, TIMP1, TIMP2, HGF and VEGF-A were detected in patients that received a radiation cystitis diagnosis. These proteins were also increased in patients suffering from hematuria or high symptom scores. No inflammatory proteins were detected in the urine, except in patients with gross hematuria and end stage radiation cystitis. Active fibrosis and vascular distress is detectable in the urine through elevated levels of associated proteins. Inflammation is only detected in urine of patients with end-stage radiation cystitis disease. These results suggest that fibrosis and vascular damage drive the development of radiation cystitis and could lead to the development of more targeted treatments.
Asunto(s)
Vasos Sanguíneos/efectos de la radiación , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Cistitis/orina , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapia , Proteinuria/complicaciones , Traumatismos por Radiación/orina , Cistitis/complicaciones , Cistitis/etiología , Cistitis/patología , Fibrosis , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Traumatismos por Radiación/complicaciones , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/patologíaRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Given that more cancers are being diagnosed earlier and that treatment of cancer is improving, health issues of cancer survivors are becoming more common and apparent. Pelvic radiation therapy for the treatment of gynecological cancers can lead to long-term collateral damage to the bladder, a condition termed radiation cystitis (RC). Late sequelae may take many years to develop and include incontinence and pain as well as hematuria. RC is a rare but potentially life-threatening condition for which there are few management and treatment options. METHODS: There are limited data in the literature regarding the effects of radiation on the bladder after gynecological cancer therapy and we hereby review the literature on cancer survivorship issues of pelvic radiation for gynecology literature. RESULTS: Treatment options are available for patients with radiation-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. However, most treatments are risky or only effective for a short timeframe and no therapy is currently available to reverse the disease progress. Furthermore, no standardized guidelines exist describing preferred management options. Common therapies include hyperbaric oxygen therapy, clot evacuation, fulguration, intravesical instillation of astringent agents, and surgery. Novel developing strategies include Botulinum Toxin injections and liposomal-tacrolimus instillations. These treatments and strategies are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: In this review, we will present current and advanced therapeutic strategies for RC to help cancer survivors deal with long-term bladder health issues.
Asunto(s)
Cistitis/terapia , Neoplasias de los Genitales Femeninos/radioterapia , Hematuria/terapia , Traumatismos por Radiación/terapia , Administración Intravesical , Astringentes/uso terapéutico , Toxinas Botulínicas/uso terapéutico , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Cistitis/etiología , Cistitis/cirugía , Femenino , Hematuria/etiología , Hematuria/cirugía , Humanos , Oxigenoterapia Hiperbárica , Inmunosupresores/uso terapéutico , Traumatismos por Radiación/etiología , Traumatismos por Radiación/cirugía , Supervivencia , Tacrolimus/uso terapéutico , Vejiga Urinaria/efectos de la radiaciónRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine if the vascular damage in bladders of prostate cancer (PCa) survivors with radiation cystitis can be detected through altered angiogenic growth factors in urine. METHODS: Urine samples from PCa survivors with a history of external beam radiation therapy were tested for a panel of angiogenic growth factors by Luminex assay. Urine creatinine levels were measured through high performance liquid chromatography. Through a patient survey, data on patient demographics, radiation history, and urinary symptoms were collected. RESULTS: Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), placental growth factor (PlGF), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were altered in urine of PCa survivors with a history of radiation therapy. HGF and PlGF were elevated in response to irradiation, while VEGF had a decreasing trend. Within the irradiated population, HGF was also increased in patients diagnosed with radiation cystitis and patients with hematuria. PlGF and VEGF were only increased in the first year postirradiation, and VEGF was elevated in patients with hematuria. Finally, creatinine levels were increased in PCa survivors with a history of radiation therapy. CONCLUSION: Radiation cystitis is a debilitating bladder condition that cancer survivors are at risk of developing after pelvic radiation. In this study, we identified 3 pro-angiogenic factors that may be urine biomarkers and, if validated in future studies, could indicate new strategy approaches to treat radiation cystitis.
Asunto(s)
Cistitis/etiología , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/orina , Factor de Crecimiento Placentario/orina , Radioterapia/efectos adversos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/orina , Anciano , Biomarcadores/orina , Supervivientes de Cáncer , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Creatinina/orina , Cistitis/orina , Hematuria/etiología , Humanos , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/radioterapiaRESUMEN
As diagnosis and treatment of cancer is improving, medical and social issues related to cancer survivorship are becoming more prevalent. Hemorrhagic cystitis (HC), a rare but serious disease that may affect patients after pelvic radiation or systemic chemotherapy, has significant unmet medical needs. Although no definitive treatment is currently available, various interventions are employed for HC. Effects of nonsurgical treatments for HC are of modest success and studies aiming to control radiation-induced bladder symptoms are lacking. In this review, we present current and advanced therapeutic strategies for HC to help cancer survivors deal with long-term urologic health issues.
RESUMEN
Actualmente la necesidad de incorporar el tacto rectal en protocolos de tamizaje ha sido tema de debate. Existe una gran proporción de cáncer de próstata (CaP) que son diagnosticados solo con tacto rectal (TR) sospechoso, aportando además importante información pronostica. En nuestro trabajo, evaluaremos la utilidad que tiene el tacto rectal sospechoso en aquellos pacientes con cáncer de próstata y APE < 4 ng/ml. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se realiza un estudio transversal y se registran pacientes de un hospital público que fueron controlados entre los años 2010 y 2012 con sospecha de CaP. Resultados: De un total de 268 pacientes que fueron sometidos a biopsia prostática por sospecha de CaP se obtuvo lo siguiente: 8 pacientes con APE < 2.5 ng/ml. cuya media de edad fue 70 años (61-82;7.4), destacó que el 87.5 por ciento tenía TR alterado y un 25 por ciento se confirmó cáncer, otorgando al TR una sensibilidad de 100 por ciento y valor predictivo positivo (VPP) 28.5 por ciento. 17 pacientes con APE 2.5-4.0 ng/ml. cuya media de edad fue 64.7 años (55-74;6.9), en donde un 29.4 por ciento tenía TR alterado y en un 35.3por ciento se confirmó cáncer, la sensibilidad del TR resultó 33por ciento y el VPP de 40 por ciento. 243 pacientes con APE 4.1-10 ng/ml. cuya media de edad fue 66.7 años (44-84;7.1), tenían TR alterado en 17.3porciento y confirmación de cáncer en un 27.3 por ciento, la sensibilidad del TR fue un 28.3 por ciento y el VPP 38 por ciento. CONCLUSIONES: La probabilidad de tener cáncer prostático con tacto rectal alterado es mayor a medida que aumenta el APE, destacando un VPP de 28.5 por ciento y VPN de un 100 por ciento en pacientes con APE < 2.5por ciento. En los pacientes con APE de 2.5-4.0 ng/ ml., el tacto rectal obtiene un VPP 40 por ciento y VPN 66.6 por ciento. Estos valores sugieren que aún es importante realizar el TR de manera rutinaria, ya que aproximadamente un tercio tendrá o desarrollara un cáncer de próstata.
Currently the need to include a rectal examination in screening protocols has been the subject of debate. There is a large proportion of prostate cancer (CaP) who are diagnosed only with suspicious digital rectal examination (DRE), also providing important prognostic information. In our work, we will evaluate the usefulness suspicious digital rectal examination in patients with prostate cancer and PSA <4 ng / ml. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted and a public hospital patients who were followed between 2010 and 2012 with suspected PCa are recorded. RESULTS: From the 268 patients who underwent prostate biopsy for suspected CaP the following was obtained: From 8 patients with PSA <2.5 ng / ml. whose average age was 70 years (61-82; 7.4), it was noted that 87.5 percent had altered DRE and in 25 percent cancer is confirmed, giving DRE a 100 percent sensitivity and a positive predictive value of (PPV) 28.5 percent. 17 patients with APE 2.5-4.0 ng / ml. whose mean age was 64.7 years (55-74; 6.9), where 29.4 percent had altered DRE and in 35.3 percent cancer is confirmed, the sensitivity of DRE was 33 percent and a PPV of 40 percent. 243 patients with APE 4.1-10 ng/ml. whose mean age was 66.7 years (44-84; 7.1) DRE was altered in 17.3 percent and confirmation of cancer was 27.3 percent, sensitivity was 28.3 percent and PPV 38 percent. CONCLUSIONS: The chance of having prostate cancer with altered DRE is greater with increasing PSA, highlighting a PPV of 28.5 percent and NPV of 100 percent in patients with PSA <2.5 percent. In patients with PSA of 2.5-4.0 ng / ml., DRE get a PPV 40 percent and NPV 66.6 percent. These values suggest that it is still important to the TR routinely, because approximately one third have or develop prostate cancer.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Neoplasias de la Próstata/diagnóstico , Tacto Rectal , Estudios Transversales , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Valor Predictivo de las PruebasRESUMEN
El cáncer de próstata (CaP) representa un grave problema de salud en el mundo occidental. Actualmente se dispone de diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para el cáncer localizado, por lo que cobra gran importancia la calidad de vida (CDV) de los pacientes. Nuestro objetivo consistió en evaluar la CDV de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado antes y después de ser tratados mediante prostatectomía radical (PR). Estudio de cohorte abierta prospectivo. Se incluyeron pacientes sometidos a PR por CaP localizado en el servicio de Urología de dos instituciones de salud. Se evaluaron parámetros de CDV mediante la aplicación del cuestionario UCLA-PCI previo al tratamiento, y luego de la cirugía a los 3, 6, 9, 12 y 18 meses. Se compararon los puntajes obtenidos mediante U Mann Whitney, estableciendo como significativo un p < 0,05. Mediante análisis multivariado se estudiaron factores protectores para recuperar al menos un 70 por ciento de la función inicial. Fueron incluidos cincuenta y cinco pacientes con un seguimiento mínimo de doce meses. La media de edad fue de 65.3 años (rango 44-78; DE: 7.8). En la evaluación de los 3 meses, se obtuvo una caída significativa en la función urinaria (80 v/s 59; p<0.001) y sexual (53 v/s 24; p<0.001) con respecto al basal. La función intestinal no sufrió un detrimento significativo durante todo el tiempo de evaluación. Tanto la función urinaria (59 v/s 69.1; p=0.03) y sexual (24 v/s 33.8; p=0.02) muestran una recuperación significativa a los 18 meses, con respecto a la caída evidenciada al tercer mes. El análisis multivariado determinó que la edad, el nivel de APE, el no recibir radioterapia postoperatoria y la preservación de haces neurovascualres (HNV) constituyen factores protectores para presentar un deterioro menor al 30 por ciento de la función sexual y urinaria inicial. Las funciones urinaria y sexual presentan una caída significativa en pacientes sometidos a PR, sin embargo tienden a recuperarse...
Prostate cancer continues to be a major public health problem in both industrialized and developing countries worldwide. Use of PSA has increased significantly the number of tumors diagnosed in early stages. Men undergo different therapeutics methods can generally expect excellent long-term survival, thus consideration of health related quality of life (HRQOL) after treatment is of great importance. Our objective was to evaluate HRQOL after radical prostatectomy in men with localized prostate cancer. Prospective cohort study with duration of two years (study ongoing). A total of 52 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were prospectively enrolled at two institutions (Clinica Las Condes and Hospital San Borja, Santiago, Chile) between august 2011 and January 2012. HRQOL parameters were evaluated (sexual potency, urinary continence and bowel function) by applying the UCLA-PCI questionnaire before treatment and after surgery at 3 and 6 months. T-student was used to compare means. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant Results: A total of fifty two patients were recruited with a minimum follow up of nine months. The mean age was 65.6 years (range 44-78, SD: 8.5). The evaluation conducted at three months showed a significant decline in urinary function (74.7 v / s 58.4, P = 0.046) and sexual (55.9 v / s 19.2; p = 0,001) compared to baseline. The domain assessed that showed the highest decline in three months evaluation, was the sexual function, showing a fall of 78.2 percent compared to baseline. Of the three domains evaluated, urinary function (74.7 v / s 73.1, P = 0.83) and bowel function (80.1 v / s85.8, P = 0.86) showed a significant recovery at six months, with respect to the initia measurement. Sexual function when measured at six months showed a significant recovery in the three months evaluation (55.9 v / s 40, p = 0.048); however, did not reach the baseline.Although there is a pronounced worsening in three months evaluation, the...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Próstata/psicología , Prostatectomía/psicología , Antígeno Prostático Específico , Conducta Sexual , Defecación , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Prostatectomía/métodos , Trastornos UrinariosRESUMEN
El cáncer de próstata representa un grave problema de salud en el mundo occidental. Actualmente disponemos de diferentes alternativas terapéuticas para el cáncer localizado, por lo que cobra gran importancia la calidad de vida (CDV) de los pacientes al momento de ofrecerles las diferentes modalidades de tratamiento. Nuestro objetivo consistió en evaluar la calidad de vida de los pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado antes y después de ser tratados mediante prostatectomía radical, analizando su evolución a través del tiempo.Estudio de cohorte abierta prospectivo con una duración de dos años (estudio aún no concluido). Se incluyeron un total de cuarenta pacientes sometidos a prostatectomía radical por cáncer de próstata localizado en el servicio de Urología de dos instituciones de salud. Se evaluaron parámetros de CDV (potencia sexual, continencia urinaria y defecatoria) mediante la aplicación del cuestionario UCLA-PCI previo al tratamiento, y luego de la cirugía a los 3 y 6 meses. Se utilizó T-student para la comparación de medias, estableciendo como significativo un p < 0,05. Mediante análisis multivariado se estudiaron factores protectores de recuperación precoz de las diferentes funciones. Fueron reclutados un total de cuarenta pacientes, todos con un seguimiento mínimo de seis meses. La media de edad fue de 64.9 años (rango 44-78; DE: 8.5). En la evaluación de los 3 meses, se obtuvo una caída significativa en la función urinaria (74.7 v/s 58.4; p=0.046) y sexual (55.9 v/s 25.98; p=0.001) con respecto al basal. El ámbito evaluado que presentó el mayor deterioro a los tres meses, fue la función sexual, observándose una caída promedio de un 78.2 por ciento con respecto a la evaluación inicial. De los tres ámbitos evaluados, la función urinaria (74.7 v/s 73.1; p=0.83) y defecatoria (80.1 v/s 85.8; p=0.86) muestran una recuperación significativa a los seis meses, con respecto a la medición inicial, no así, la función sexual (25.98 v/s 30,5; p=0.89)...
Prostate cancer is asignificant health problem in Western countries. Use of PSA has increased significantly the number of tumors diagnosed in early stages. Men undergo different therapeutics methods can generallyexpect excellent long-term survival, thus consideration of health related quality of life (HRQOL) after treatment is of great importance. Our objective was to evaluate HRQOL after radical prostatectomy in men with localized prostate cáncer. Prospective open cohort study with duration of two years (study ongoing). A total of 40 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy were prospectively enrolled at two institutions (Clinica Las Condes and Hospital San Borja) between august 2011 and december 2011. HRQOL parameters were evaluated (sexual potency, urinary continence and bowel function) by applying the UCLA-PCI questionnaire before treatment and after surgery at 3 and 6 months. T-student was used to compare means. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significantRESULTS: A total of forty patients were recruited with a minimum follow up of six months. The mean age was 64.9 years (range 44-78, SD: 8.5). The evaluation conducted at three months showed a significant decline in urinary function (74.7 v / s 58.4, P = 0.046) and sexual (55.9 v / s 19.2; p = 0,001) compared to baseline...
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Calidad de Vida , Neoplasias de la Próstata/cirugía , Prostatectomía/métodos , Prostatectomía/psicología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias de la Próstata/fisiopatología , Recuperación de la FunciónRESUMEN
El linfoma testicular es una patología infrecuente, correspondiendo al 9 por ciento de los cánceres testiculares, presentándose más frecuentemente entre los 60 a 80 años (25-50 por ciento). La presentación clínica más frecuente es el aumento de volumen unilateral e indo/oro. El tipo histológico más común es linfoma difuso de células grandes B (60-90 por ciento). La orquidectomía radical asociada a quimioterapia y radioterapia es la primera línea de tratamiento para los pacientes con enfermedad limitada. Material y método: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se revisó y filtró la lista de pacientes ingresados al SIGGES como tumor testicular entre enero 2005 a abril 2011. De los pacientes con diagnóstico histológico e inmunohistoquímico compatible, se registraron las características epidemiológicas, estudio, manejo y sobrevida. Posteriormente se realizó un análisis de la base de datos con el programa estadístico SPSS 13. 0. Resultados: De un total de 299 pacientes con el diagnóstico histológico de cáncer testicular, 8 pacientes fueron diagnosticados como linfoma testicular confirmado por histología e inmunohistoquímica. El promedio y mediana de edad fue 52 años y 63 años (18-73) respectivamente. Tres casos (37,5 por ciento) correspondieron a presentaciones secundarias. En 6 de los casos (75 por ciento) el testículo afectado fue el derecho. Histológicamente, el 63 por ciento correspondió a Linfoma difuso de células grande B. Clínicamente, el todos los casos se presentaron con aumento de volumen y con marcadores en rango normal. En 7 casos (8 7, 5 por ciento) el diagnóstico y manejo inicial fue mediante orquidectomía radical, y en un caso por biopsia testicular, con orquidectomía posterior 3 casos presentaron diseminación...
esticular lymphoma is a rare disease, happening in 9 percent of testicular cancers, most commonly between the ages 60 to 80 years (25 percent-50 percent). The most common presentation is unilateral indolent testicular growth. Histology shows a diffuse big B cell lymphoma in most of the cases (60 percent-90 percent). Radical orchiectomy, chemotherapy and radiation are the first line therapy for patients with limited disease. Materials and methods: Retrospective clinical study. We included and filtered the SIGGES list of patients admitted for Testicular Tumor from January 2005 to April 2011. Patients with a compatible diagnosis were analyzed, using SPSS 13.0® as statistical software. Result: Of a total number of 299 testicular cancer patients 8 presented with a histological and inmunnohistochemical testicular lymphoma. Mean age was 52 years and the median 63 years (18-73). ln three cases (37.5 percent) it was a secondary localization. ln 6 cases ( 75 percent) the affected testicle was the right one. 63 percent corresponded to a diffuse big cell B cell Lymphoma. All patients presented normal tumor markers. ln 7 (87,5 percent) cases the initial treatment was radical orchiectomy in one patient the diagnosis was don through a testicular biopsy, and the orchidectomy was differed. 3 cases presented dissemination. In 7 patients adjuvant chemotherapy was performed. Mortal/ty was 38 percent with a 1 7-month follow-up. Conclusion: Testicular lymphoma is a rare condition with bad prognosis. Histology is fundamental for treatment, an in this sense inmunohystochemcal analysis is especially helpful...
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Humanos , Masculino , Adolescente , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Adulto Joven , Linfoma/epidemiología , Linfoma/patología , Neoplasias Testiculares/epidemiología , Neoplasias Testiculares/patología , Epidemiología Descriptiva , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Estudios Retrospectivos , Estudios de Seguimiento , Incidencia , Inmunohistoquímica , Linfoma/terapia , Neoplasias Testiculares/terapiaRESUMEN
Nuestro objetivo fue evaluar la necesidad real de enema rectal previo a la realización de biopsia prostática y su implicación en posibles complicaciones infecciosas asociadas al procedimiento. Material y Métodos. Entre Enero y Junio del 2006, 128 pacientes recibieron biopsia prostática. Fueron asignados a dos grupos, recibiendo o no enema rectal. De estos, 90 pacientes presentaron información evaluable y constituyeron la población de estudio. Resultados. No se verificaron diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos de estudio. Conclusiones. El presente trabajo demuestra la utilidad limitada que tiene el enema rectal previo a biposia prostática.
We aimed to evaluate the real usefulness of rectal enema previous to transrectal prostatic biopsy and its possible implications in infectious complications. Methods. Between January and June 2006, 128 consecutive patients underwent transrectal prostatic biopsy at our institution. Patients were assigned to two groups receiving rectal enema or not. Of these, 90 patient shad complete available information and constituted the population of study. Results. No significant differences were verified between the two groups of study. Conclusions. Present manuscript shows the limited usefulness of rectal enema previous a transrectal prostate biopsy.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biopsia/métodos , Enema , Próstata/patología , Estudios Prospectivos , Estudios de Casos y ControlesRESUMEN
Los autores presentan su experiencia de 55 pacientes con complicaciones urológicas tratadas con el cateter ureteral doble pigtail. Las indicaciones para el empleo de este cateter fueron: la obstrucción ureteral por metástasis retroperitoneales, en cirugía ureteral compleja y en fístula de la vía urinaria alta. En general esta técnica endourológica no se asocia a complicaciones y ayuda al Urólogo a ser menos invasivo y mas conservador