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BACKGROUND: Contrary to what happens in children and adults, the prevalence and the factors related to hospitalisation for asthma/wheezing in infants with recurrent asthma-like symptoms are poorly known. METHODS: This study is part of the International Study of Wheezing in infants Phase 3; 2,079 infants (aged 12-18 months) with recurrent asthma-like symptoms, from 11 South American centres, were studied to determine the prevalence and the associated factors for wheezing exacerbation admission. Descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression were employed for analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of admission for wheezing was 29.7% (95% CI 27.7-31.6) and was significantly associated to severe wheezing episodes (OR: 3.89; 95% CI: 2.93-5.18, p < 0.001), physician-diagnosed asthma (OR: 1.79; 95% CI: 1.33-2.41, p < 0.0001), use of inhaled corticosteroids (OR: 1.78; 95%CI: 1.38-2.29, p < 0.0001), maternal tobacco smoking during pregnancy (OR: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.19-2.39, p = 0.003) and onset of wheezing in the first trimester of life (OR: 1.30; 95% CI: 1.02-1.66, p = 0.038). Breast feeding ≥4 months (OR: 0.72; 95% CI: 0.54-0.96, p = 0.004), maternal high educational level (>12 years) (OR: 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51-0.85, p = 0.001) and total monthly household income ≥US$ 3,000 (OR: 0.34; 95% CI: 0.18-0.67, p = 0.002), were protective factors. CONCLUSIONS: Infants with recurrent asthma-like symptoms have a high rate of admissions. Tobacco smoking in pregnancy, viral respiratory illness in the first trimester of life and severe progression were risks for admissions. Improving medical management to prevent severe exacerbations, prolonging the postnatal period at home longer than 3 months, favouring breastfeeding and avoiding smoking during pregnancy may have a preventive role for admissions in infants with recurrent asthma-like symptoms.
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Asma , Asma/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Hospitalización , Hospitales , Humanos , Lactante , Embarazo , Ruidos Respiratorios , Factores de Riesgo , América del Sur/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Dengue is currently among the mosquito-borne diseases of greatest global impact. The clinical course of the disease can be unpredictable, so proper handling in its early stages is critical to ensure optimal outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate serum regulators of endothelial integrity (VEGF, sICAM-1, sEndoglina, Ang-1, and Ang-2) as predictive markers of dengue severity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a case-control study nested in an appropriate cohort. Endothelial regulator levels were first measured by ELISA, after which analysis was performed using logistic regression of clinical and regulatory variables, with severity as an output variable. A possible severity prediction model, based on the variables of interest and output, was defined using the best area under the ROC curve. RESULTS: The median subject age was 24 years. Severe cases were associated with Ang-2 serum levels of ≥1,490 ng/ml (OR=3.1; p=0.015). Serum levels of Ang-2 (≥1,490 ng/ml) contributed to the severity prediction model, as did a 0.73 area under the ROC curve, together with the variables rash, impaired consciousness and abdominal pain, with an OR of 3.2 (CI 95%: 1.16 to 8.9; p=0.024). CONCLUSION: The endothelial regulator Ang-2 could be a predictor of severity in dengue.
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Angiopoyetina 1/genética , Angiopoyetina 1/metabolismo , Biomarcadores/sangre , Dengue/sangre , Dengue Grave/sangre , Angiopoyetina 1/química , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios de Cohortes , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Humanos , Curva ROC , Dengue Grave/metabolismoRESUMEN
Introducción. El dengue es una de las enfermedades trasmitidas por mosquitos de mayor impacto en el mundo. La evolución clínica de la enfermedad suele ser impredecible, por lo cual su adecuado manejo en las fases tempranas podría incidir en la mejoría del paciente. Objetivo. Evaluar los niveles séricos de algunos reguladores endoteliales (VEGF, sICAM-1, endoglina soluble, Ang-1 y Ang-2) como marcadores de predicción de la gravedad del dengue. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de casos y controles anidado en una cohorte. En la fase temprana, los niveles de los reguladores endoteliales se midieron con ELISA. La relación entre las variables clínicas y los reguladores se analizó mediante regresión logística utilizando como variable de salida la gravedad del dengue. Con base en la relación entre las variables de interés y el resultado, se estableció un posible modelo predictor de la gravedad empleando la mejor área bajo la curva (ROC). Resultados. La mediana de la edad fue de 24 años. Los casos graves se asociaron con niveles séricos de Ang-2 a partir de un punto de corte mayor o igual a 1.490 pg/ml, ( Odds ratio, OR=3,1 p=0,015). Los niveles séricos de Ang-2, así como un área de 0,73 bajo la curva ROC, contribuyeron al modelo de predicción de la gravedad, conjuntamente con las variables de exantema, trastorno de conciencia y dolor abdominal, con OR de 3,2 (IC 95% 1,16-8,9; p=0,024). Conclusión. El regulador endotelial Ang-2 podría ser un predictor de la gravedad en el dengue.
Introduction: Dengue is currently among the mosquito-borne diseases of greatest global impact. The clinical course of the disease can be unpredictable, so proper handling in its early stages is critical to ensure optimal outcomes. Objective: To evaluate serum regulators of endothelial integrity (VEGF, sICAM-1, sEndoglina, Ang-1, and Ang-2) as predictive markers of dengue severity. Materials and methods: We conducted a case-control study nested in an appropriate cohort. Endothelial regulator levels were first measured by ELISA, after which analysis was performed using logistic regression of clinical and regulatory variables, with severity as an output variable. A possible severity prediction model, based on the variables of interest and output, was defined using the best area under the ROC curve. Results: The median subject age was 24 years. Severe cases were associated with Ang-2 serum levels of =1,490 ng/ml (OR=3.1; p=0.015). Serum levels of Ang-2 (=1,490 ng/ml) contributed to the severity prediction model, as did a 0.73 area under the ROC curve, together with the variables rash, impaired consciousness and abdominal pain, with an OR of 3.2 (CI 95%: 1.16 to 8.9; p=0.024). Conclusion: The endothelial regulator Ang-2 could be a predictor of severity in dengue.
Asunto(s)
Dengue Grave , Permeabilidad Capilar , Dengue , Endotelio , Predicción , RiesgoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of recurrent wheezing (RW) defined as ≥3 episodes of wheezing, risk factors, and treatments prescribed during the first year of life in Latin American infants. METHODS: In this international, cross-sectional, and community-based study, parents of 12,405 infants from 11 centers in 6 South American countries (Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Peru, and Uruguay) completed a questionnaire about wheezing and associated risk/protective factors, asthma medications, and the frequency of and indications for the prescription of antibiotics and paracetamol during the first year of life. RESULTS: The prevalence of RW was 16.6% (95% CI 16.0-17.3); of the 12,405 infants, 72.7% (95% CI 70.7-74.6) visited the Emergency Department for wheezing, and 29.7% (27.7-31.7) was admitted. Regarding treatment, 49.1% of RW infants received inhaled corticosteroids, 55.7% oral corticosteroids, 26.3% antileukotrienes, 22.9% antibiotics ≥4 times mainly for common colds, wheezing, and pharyngitis, and 57.5% paracetamol ≥4 times. Tobacco smoking during pregnancy, household income per month <1,000 USD, history of parental asthma, male gender, and nursery school attendance were significant risk factors for higher prevalence and severity of RW, whereas breast-feeding for at least 3 months was a significant protective factor. Pneumonia and admissions for pneumonia were significantly higher in infants with RW as compared to the whole sample (3.5-fold and 3.7-fold, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: RW affects 1.6 out of 10 infants during the first year of life, with a high prevalence of severe episodes, frequent visits to the Emergency Department, and frequent admissions for wheezing. Besides the elevated prescription of asthma medications, there is an excessive use of antibiotics and paracetamol in infants with RW and also in the whole sample, which is mainly related to common colds.
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INTRODUCTION: Thrombocytopenia is a frequent phenomenon in viral infections. Peripheral platelet destruction mediated by anti-platelet antibodies has been one of the proposed causal mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: Results were collected and analyzed from published studies on associations of human viral infections on anti-platelet antibodies and total platelet counts. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A PubMed search was conducted using the following terms: Viral infection (OR Virus diseases) AND antiplatelet antibody (OR thrombocytopenia) AND HIV (OR measles OR dengue OR chickenpox OR varicella OR Epistein Barr OR mumps OR rubella). Two hundred eighteen reference hits were obtained, 65 of which were relevant to this review. RESULTS: Antiplatelet antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia has been documented in cases of HIV, measles, dengue, chickenpox, Epstein-Barr, mumps and rubella. Moreover, the presence of these antibodies has been associated with severity the disease and thrombocytopenia in viral infections. CONCLUSIONS: Although the presence of antiplatelet antibodies was not the only mechanism for explaining the thrombocytopenia developed in these viral infections, their presence was associated with severity of thrombocytopenia and with the clinical presentation of these patients.
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Anticuerpos/inmunología , Plaquetas/inmunología , Trombocitopenia/etiología , Virosis/complicaciones , Virosis/inmunología , Plaquetas/patología , Bases de Datos Factuales , HumanosRESUMEN
Introducción. La contaminación en el hogar puede desempeñar un papel importante en el desarrollo y exacerbación del asma infantil, sobre todo entre niños genéticamente predispuestos. Objetivos. Evaluar la asociación entre la presencia de contaminantes biológicos intradomiciliarios y síntomas indicativos de asma, en preescolares de Bucaramanga, Colombia. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio de corte transversal analítico, en menores de 7 años, en dos zonas de la ciudad con niveles diferentes de contaminación atmosférica por material particulado. Se evaluaron los síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma y los contaminantes intradomiciliarios mediante cuestionarios previamente validados, las mediciones biológicas de ácaros y hongos por métodos de laboratorio estandarizados, y se usó el modelo log binomial para el análisis multivariado, que permitió evaluar asociaciones mediante la estimación de las razones de prevalencia. Resultados. Participaron 678 niños, con edad media de 42 meses. La prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma fue 8,0 % (IC95%: 5,6-9,6), sin diferencias significativas entre las dos zonas de contaminación extradomiciliaria. El modelo binomial mostró que los síntomas de asma se asociaron con la presencia de: ácaros [razón de prevalencia (RP)=1,78; IC95%: 1,0-3,0] y Acremonium sp. (RP=6,2; IC95%: 3,8-10,0), y antecedentes de neumonía (RP=4,0; IC95%: 2,5-6,4), de rinitis alérgica (RP=1,9; IC95%: 1,25-3,1), de prematuridad (RP=3,4; IC95%: 1,7-6,5), de padres con asma (RP=2,6; IC95%: 1,4-5,0) y de tenencia de mascotas (RP=0,4; IC95%: 0,2-0,9).Conclusiones. La exposición a contaminantes biológicos intramurales (ácaros y hongos), los antecedentes personales de prematuridad, neumonía o rinitis y el antecedente familiar de asma, incrementan la probabilidad de presentación de síntomas indicativos de asma bronquial en la población estudiada.
Introduction. Indoor air pollution may play an important role in development and exacerbation of asthma in children.Objective. The association between the presence of indoor biological contaminants and respiratory symptoms related to asthma was assessed in preschool children. Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and included children <7 years of age living in two urban areas of with different levels of outdoor air pollution. The 678 children were an average of 3.5 years of age. Respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma and indoor air pollutants were assessed by previously validated questionnaires.. Biological samples potentially containing mites and fungi were collected by standardized laboratory methods. The log binomial regression model was used for multivariate analysis, using adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). Results. The prevalence of asthmatic respiratory symptoms was 8.0%; (95% C.I: 5.6-9.6), without significant differences between the two areas. Binomial model analysis showed that asthma symptoms were associated with mites (PR 1.78; 95% C.I. 1.0-3.0), Acremonium sp (PR 6.24; 95 C.I.: 3.8-10.0) and a history of child pneumonia (PR 4.0; 95% C.I. 2.5-6.4), allergic rhinitis (PR 1.9; 95% C.I.: 1.2-3.1), prematurity (PR 3.4; 95% C.I. 1.8-6.5), parents with asthma (PR 2.6; 95% C.I. 1.4-5.0) and pet ownership (PR 0.4; 95% C.I. 0.2-0.9). Conclusions. The indoor exposure to biological contaminants (dust mites and fungi), history of prematurity, pneumonia, rhinitis and family history of asthma increased the occurence of symptoms suggestive of asthma in young children.
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Humanos , Contaminación del Aire , Asma , Preescolar , Pruebas RespiratoriasRESUMEN
Introducción: Los cuadros broncoobstructivos en lactantes son causa frecuente de consulta a servicios ambulatorios, acudir a urgencias u hospitalización. Se presentan en forma recurrente o recidivante, con secuelas a largo plazo. Objetivo: Establecer la incidencia y los factores asociados para desarrollar síndrome sibilante (SS) y su recurrencia durante los dos primeros años de vida. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte. Se indagó sobre presencia de sibilancias, edad de la primera crisis, eventos en los primeros dos años de vida, y aspectos reconocidos previamente como factores de riesgo. Se estimó tasa de incidencia y probabilidad de estar libre de SS a los dos años, así como los factores asociados con la presencia de SS recurrente y no recurrente. Resultados: Se estudiaron 139 varones y 159 niñas residentes en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. La tasa de incidencia a dos años es de 1,22 episodios/100 meses-persona (IC95% 0,97-1,47), con probabilidad de llegar al segundo cumpleaños sin SS es 67,0% (IC95% 60,7 a 72,4%). Los factores asociados con SS no recurrente fueron historia familiar de rinitis (RR 2,56) o asma (RR 2,11), y convivir con fumadores (RR 2,00); SS recurrente fueron historia familiar de rinitis (RR 8,79) o asma (RR 3,43), consumo de alimentos alergénicos (RR 6,82), asfixia perinatal (RR 6,36), asistir al jardín infantil (RR 3,37) y convivir con menores de 10 años (RR 1,63). Discusión: La incidencia de SS es similar a la encontrada en países desarrollados. Muchos factores asociados son prevenibles, que de intervenirse ayudaría a disminuir el riesgo de que los lactantes enfermen o que recurran. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 131-140.
Introduction: Bronchoobstructive disease in infants is frequent cause of assistance to primary and emergency services, and hospitalization, too. These are recurrent or non-recurrent, with long-term sequelae. Objective: To establish the incidence and associated factors for developing wheezing syndrome (WS) and its recurrence during the first two years of life. Methodology: A retrospective cohort. A survey was conducted to determine wheezing incidence, age at first crisis, event number in the first two years of life, and aspects previously recognized as risk factors. It was estimated incidence rate and likelihood of being free of WS at two years, as well as the associated factors with recurrent and non-recurrent WS. Results: We studied 139 boys and 159 girls dwelling in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. The incidence rate for two years is 1.22 events/100 person-months (95%CI 0,97-1,47), with a potential to reach the second birthday without WS of 67.0% (95%CI 60.7 to 72.4%). Associated factors with non-recurrent WS were family history of recurrent rhinitis (RR 2.56) or asthma (RR 2.11), and live with smokers (RR 2.00); for recurrent WS were a family history of rhinitis (RR 8.79 ) or asthma (RR 3.43), consumption of allergenic food (RR 6.82), perinatal asphyxia (RR 6.36), to attend kindergarten (RR 3.37), and to be living with children under 10 years (RR 1,63). Discussion: The incidence of WS is similar to others found in developed countries. Many risk factors are preventable, and their intervention would help to reduce the risk to suffer WS. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 131-140.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Preescolar , Bronquiolitis , Ruidos Respiratorios , Colombia , Asfixia Neonatal , Asma , Tabaquismo , Contaminación AmbientalRESUMEN
Introducción. La trombocitopenia es un fenómeno frecuente en las infecciones virales. Uno de los mecanismos propuesto como posible explicación de su desarrollo es la destrucción plaquetaria periférica mediada por anticuerpos antiplaquetarios. Objetivo. Revisar los resultados de los trabajos originales que existen en la literatura sobre infección viral y anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en humanos, y su efecto sobre el recuento total de plaquetas. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda en PubMed empleando la combinación de términos: viral infection (OR Virus diseases) AND antibody antiplatelet (OR thrombocytopenia); y antibody antiplatelet AND HIV (OR Measles, OR Dengue, OR Chickenpox OR varicella, OR Epstein Barr, OR Mumps, OR Rubella. Se obtuvieron 218 referencias, de las cuales, 65 correspondían al objetivo de la revisión. Resultados. En la búsqueda se encontró que la trombocitopenia mediada por anticuerpos antiplaquetarios se ha documentado en infecciones virales por VIH, sarampión, dengue, varicela-zóster, Epstein-Barr, parotiditis y rubéola. La presencia de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios en infecciones virales por VIH, virus de Epstein-Barr y dengue, se ha asociado con la presencia de la trombocitopenia y con la gravedad de la enfermedad. Conclusiones. Aunque la aparición de anticuerpos antiplaquetarios no se considera el único mecanismo que explica la trombocitopenia desarrollada en las infecciones virales mencionadas, de acuerdo con la literatura científica disponible, su presencia se asocia con la gravedad de la trombocitopenia y con potenciales implicaciones clínicas en los pacientes.
Introduction. Thrombocytopenia is a frequent phenomenon in viral infections. Peripheral platelet destruction mediated by anti-platelet antibodies has been one of the proposed causal mechanisms.Objective. Results were collected and analyzed from published studies on associations of human viral infections on anti-platelet antibodies and total platelet counts. Materials and methods. A PubMed search was conducted using the following terms: Viral infection (OR Virus diseases) AND antiplatelet antibody (OR thrombocytopenia) AND HIV (OR measles OR dengue OR chickenpox OR varicella OR Epistein Barr OR mumps OR rubella). Two hundred eighteen reference hits were obtained, 65 of which were relevant to this review.Results. Antiplatelet antibody-mediated thrombocytopenia has been documented in cases of HIV, measles, dengue, chickenpox, Epstein-Barr, mumps and rubella. Moreover, the presence of these antibodies has been associated with severity the disease and thrombocytopenia in viral infections.Conclusions. Although the presence of antiplatelet antibodies was not the only mechanism for explaining the thrombocytopenia developed in these viral infections, their presence was associated with severity of thrombocytopenia and with the clinical presentation of these patients.
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Humanos , Anticuerpos , Plaquetas , Trombocitopenia , Virosis , Inhibidores de Agregación PlaquetariaRESUMEN
Introducción. La hepatitis A es una enfermedad infectocontagiosa causada por un virus ARN no encapsulado de la familia Picornaviridae y del género Hepatovirus, que se trasmite por vía fecal-oral, bien sea de persona a persona o en epidemias originadas por una fuente común. Objetivo. Se estimo la seroprevalencia de anticuerpos de tipo IgG contra el virus de la hepatitis A en niños de 1 a 15 años, atendidos en un hospital universitario, como parte de un estudio cooperativo nacional. Métodos. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo y prospectivo, entre junio y noviembre de 2007. Los niveles de anticuerpos se detectaron mediante un inmunoensayo enzimático de micropartículas. A cada participante del estudio se le hizo una encuesta de riesgo con las variables objeto del estudio. Resultados. Se estudiaron 422 niños. La prevalencia global de anticuerpos contra el virus de la hepatitis A fue de 29,1%: 37,1% en el grupo de 5 a 9 años, 36,1%, en el de 10 a 15 y 13,8%, en el de 1 a 4 años. La mayor proporción de prevalencia de anticuerpos se encontró en los niños de estrato socioeconómico más bajo: 44,2% para el estrato 1 y 27,9% para el estrato 2. Discusión. En este estudio se encontró una seroprevalencia de anticuerpos para hepatitis A más baja en menores de 5 años, lo que puede indicar una transición del patrón epidemiológico hacia un nivel intermedio. La prevalencia fue mayor en los niños de estratos socioeconómicos bajos, lo que puede estar en relación con el hacinamiento y las malas prácticas de higiene.
Introduction: Hepatitis A is an infectious disease caused by a non-encapsulated RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family, classified as Hepatovirus. It is transmitted by a fecal-oral route, either from person to person or in common source epidemics. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the seroprevalence of IgG antibodies against the hepatitis A virus in children aged 1-15 years, treated in a university hospital as part of a national collaborative study. Methods: A descriptive study was performed between June and November 2007. The antibody titers were detected by means of a Microparticle Capture Enzyme Immunoassay. A survey to identify risk factors was conducted for each participant, with additional variables under study. Results: We studied 422 children. The overall prevalence of antibodies against hepatitis A was 29.1%, with 37.1% in the group of 5 to 9 years of age, 36.1% for 10 to 15, and 13.8% for 1 to 4. The highest proportion of antibody prevalence was found in children of the lowest socioeconomic status, 44.2% for the stratum 1 and 27.9% for the stratum 2. Conclusion: The seroprevalence to hepatitis A virus was lower in children with less than five years of age, which is an indication of a transition of the epidemiological profile to an intermediate one. The prevalence was higher in children of low socioeconomic levels, which may be related to overcrowding and poor hygiene practices.
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Lactante , Preescolar , Niño , Adolescente , Prevalencia , Epidemias , Hepatitis A , Virus ARN , Inmunoglobulina G , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Hepatovirus , Virus de la Hepatitis A , AnticuerposRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Indoorair pollution may play an important role in development and exacerbation of asthma in children. OBJECTIVE: The association between the presence of indoor biological contaminants and respiratory symptoms related to asthma was assessed in preschool children. Materials and methods. This cross-sectional study was undertaken in Bucaramanga, Colombia, and included children <7 years of age living in two urban areas of with different levels of outdoor air pollution. The 678 children were an average of 3.5 years of age. Respiratory symptoms indicative of asthma and indoor air pollutants were assessed by previously validated questionnaires.. Biological samples potentially containing mites and fungi were collected by standardized laboratory methods. The log binomial regression model was used for multivariate analysis, using adjusted prevalence ratios (PR). RESULTS: The prevalence of asthmatic respiratory symptoms was 8.0%; (95% C.I: 5.6-9.6), without significant differences between the two areas. Binomial model analysis showed that asthma symptoms were associated with mites (PR 1.78; 95% C.I. 1.0-3.0), Acremonium sp (PR 6.24; 95 C.I.: 3.8-10.0) and a history of child pneumonia (PR 4.0; 95% C.I. 2.5-6.4), allergic rhinitis (PR 1.9; 95% C.I.: 1.2-3.1), prematurity (PR 3.4; 95% C.I. 1.8-6.5), parents with asthma (PR 2.6; 95% C.I. 1.4-5.0) and pet ownership (PR 0.4; 95% C.I. 0.2-0.9). CONCLUSIONS: The indoor exposure to biological contaminants (dust mites and fungi), history of prematurity, pneumonia, rhinitis and family history of asthma increased the occurence of symptoms suggestive of asthma in young children.
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Microbiología del Aire , Contaminación del Aire Interior/efectos adversos , Antígenos Dermatofagoides/toxicidad , Asma/epidemiología , Hongos/aislamiento & purificación , Animales , Asma/etiología , Asma/genética , Niño , Preescolar , Colombia , Comorbilidad , Salud de la Familia , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Recien Nacido Prematuro , Masculino , Mascotas , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/epidemiología , Rinitis Alérgica Perenne/etiología , Factores Socioeconómicos , Esporas Fúngicas , Contaminación por Humo de Tabaco , Población UrbanaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Increases in the air pollution levels has well-documented harmful effects on human health, especially exacerbating problems of asthma and other allergies. OBJECTIVE: The prevalence of symptoms associated with asthma was determined in preschool populations in zones with differing levels of air pollution. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bucaramanga, Colombia, comparing respiratory symptoms in 768 children under seven years in two urban zones with different pollution levels of particulate matter and ozone. Morbidity was evaluated for respiratory indicators of asthma by means of a questionnaire version previously validated in Spanish. RESULTS: The use of cigarettes (27.5%) and aerosols (22.7%) were the most frequent source of indoor air pollution. Wheezing prevalence was 25.6% (95% CI 23.2-29.8%) and diagnosis of asthma was 8.4% (95% CI 6.2-11.5%), with no differences between zones. The final multivariate model did not show an association between outdoor pollution and symptoms related with asthma. However, concrete flooring and presence of mold did show an association with these symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Indoor air quality rather than outdoor air pollution may play a more important role in producing respiratory symptoms related with asthma in preschool children in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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Contaminación del Aire/efectos adversos , Asma/complicaciones , Asma/epidemiología , Trastornos Respiratorios/etiología , Preescolar , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , PrevalenciaRESUMEN
Introducción. Actualmente se sabe que el incremento de los niveles de contaminación atmosférica externa e interna se asocia con efectos nocivos para la salud, especialmente asma y otras alergias. Objetivos. Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma en la población preescolar y compararla entre zonas con diferentes niveles de contaminación atmosférica en Bucaramanga, Colombia.Materiales y métodos. Estudio observacional analítico de corte transversal que compara los síntomas respiratorios en menores de siete años de dos zonas de la ciudad con niveles diferentes de contaminación por material sólido en partículas y ozono. La morbilidad fue medida con un cuestionario sobre síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma, validado al español. Resultados. Se estudiaron 768 niños distribuidos de las zonas de alta y baja contaminación. El uso de cigarrillos (27,5%) y aerosoles (22,7%) se encontraron como las fuentes de contaminación más frecuentes dentro de las viviendas. La prevalencia de ruidos respiratorios a lo largo de la vida fue de 25,6% (IC95% 23,2-29,8) y la de diagnóstico médico de asma fue de 8,4% (IC95% 6,2-11,5), sin diferencias significativas entre las zonas. El modelo final no mostró asociación entre la contaminación atmosférica y la presencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma. Por el contrario, la presencia de pisos de cemento y moho mostró una asociación significativa con estos síntomas. Conclusiones. Es posible que en Bucaramanga los factores de contaminación domiciliaria puedan tener un mayor efecto sobre la presencia de síntomas respiratorios indicativos de asma en menores de siete años que los contaminantes externos.
Introduction. Increases in the air pollution levels has well-documented harmful effects on human health, especially exacerbating problems of asthma and other allergies. Objective. The prevalence of symptoms associated with asthma was determined in preschool populations in zones with differing levels of air pollution. Materials and methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bucaramanga, Colombia, comparing respiratory symptoms in 768 children under seven years in two urban zones with different pollution levels of particulate matter and ozone. Morbidity was evaluated for respiratory indicators of asthma by means of a questionnaire version previously validated in Spanish. Results. The use of cigarettes (27.5%) and aerosols (22.7%) were the most frequent source of indoor air pollution. Wheezing prevalence was 25.6% (95% CI 23.2-29.8%) and diagnosis of asthma was 8.4% (95% CI 6.2-11.5%), with no differences between zones. The final multivariate model did not show an association between outdoor pollution and symptoms related with asthma. However, concrete flooring and presence of mold did show an association with these symptoms. Conclusions. Indoor air quality rather than outdoor air pollution may play a more important role in producing respiratory symptoms related with asthma in preschool children in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Preescolar , Contaminación del Aire , Asma/diagnóstico , Asma/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
La Hepatitis A es una enfermedad autolimitada hasta en un 85% de los casos. Su espectro clínico es variable, y junto con las demás hepatitis virales se han descrito una variedad de manifestaciones extrahepáticas raras, que cuando se presentan, desaparecen con la resolución de la misma. La púrpura trombocitopénica inmunológica es debida a la presencia de anticuerpos anticardiolipina, antiplaquetarios y depositos de complejos inmunes inespecíficos en la superficie plaquetaria, sugiriendo una etiología compleja.Se han descrito raros casos de PTI asociada a Hepatitis virales. Nosotros reportamos una niña de 6 años de edad con hepatitis A quien desarrolló púrpura trombocitopénica inmunológica durante la misma.
Hepatitis A is a self limited disease in up to an 85% of the cases. Its clinical spectrum is variable, and along with the rest of viral hepatitis, a great variety of rare extra hepatic manifestations VHAe been described, that, if present, disappear with the resolution of the Hepatitis. Immunologic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP) is a process related to the presence of anticardiolipin and antiplateles antibodies and unspecific immune complexes on the platelets surface, suggesting a complex etiology. There VHAe been described rare cases of ITP related to Viral Hepatitis. We are reporting the case of a 6 year old female child with Hepatitis A who developed Immunologic Thrombocytopenic Purpura during the course of her illness.
Asunto(s)
Hepatitis A , Púrpura Trombocitopénica , NiñoRESUMEN
Se presenta un caso clínico de edema pulmonar de las alturas en un niño de 10 años de edad que ingresó para estudio de patología infecciosa pulmonar. El padre había presentado cuadro similar diez años antes. Se discute sobre aspectos fisiopatológicos, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la enfermedad