RESUMEN
The conventional treatment of patients with ureteric obstruction due to retroperitoneal fibrosis (RF) is surgery in combination with long-term corticosteroids. This report describes 11 cases of RF with ureteric obstruction treated with methyl-prednisolon pulse therapy (MPPT) in combination with azathioprine or penicillamine following initial insertion of ureteral stents. The medial treatment suggested was successful in 7 patients, but only moderately effective in the last 4 patients. This principle of non-operative management of RF has not been previously reported.
Asunto(s)
Azatioprina/uso terapéutico , Metilprednisolona/uso terapéutico , Penicilamina/uso terapéutico , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Azatioprina/administración & dosificación , Terapia Combinada , Quimioterapia Combinada , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Humanos , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/administración & dosificación , Nefrostomía Percutánea , Penicilamina/administración & dosificación , Radiografía , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/complicaciones , Fibrosis Retroperitoneal/diagnóstico por imagen , Stents , Factores de Tiempo , Resultado del Tratamiento , Obstrucción Ureteral/etiología , Obstrucción Ureteral/terapiaRESUMEN
We examined whether the prevalence of vertebral fracture in otherwise healthy, 70-year-old Danish women had increased over a period of ten years. The population-based, epidemiological study included two age-matched, representative samples of postmenopausal women. Group 1 (1979) consisted of 173 healthy women without secondary causes of osteoporosis, Group 2 (1989) of 387 women. X-rays of the thoraco-lumbar spine were assessed for vertebral fracture by five radiological methods. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence of vertebral fracture and the 95% confidence intervals overlapped completely in all methods. The prevalence rates varied by method from 35% to 80% but the distribution of fracture types was similar in the two groups. We conclude that the prevalence of vertebral fractures due to postmenopausal osteoporosis has not increased since 1979 in suburban Copenhagen, and that comparison of prevalences requires the same method of radiological assessment.
Asunto(s)
Fracturas Espontáneas/etiología , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/complicaciones , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/epidemiología , Anciano , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Femenino , Fracturas Espontáneas/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas Espontáneas/epidemiología , Humanos , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/diagnóstico , Prevalencia , Radiografía , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/etiologíaRESUMEN
We examined whether the prevalence of vertebral fractures in otherwise healthy, 70-year-old Danish women had increased during an interval of 10 years. The population-based epidemiological study included two age-matched groups of postmenopausal women. Group 1 consisted of 70-year-old women (n = 386) living in a defined area of suburban Copenhagen recruited in 1979 for an epidemiological study. Of the 285 women who were entered, 173 were judged healthy, without secondary causes of osteoporosis. Group 2 was recruited by sending questionnaires to all women aged 68-72 years living in the same area in 1989. Of the 512 women who attended a medical screening, 387 were found to be without secondary causes of osteoporosis and had a spinal radiograph. Radiographs of the thoracolumbar spine were assessed for vertebral fracture by five radiological methods. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the prevalence of vertebral fractures and the 95% confidence intervals overlapped completely in all methods. The prevalence rates varied by method from about 35% to more than 80% but the distribution of fracture types was similar in the two groups. We conclude that the prevalence of vertebral fractures due to postmenopausal osteoporosis has not increased since 1979 in otherwise healthy women residing in suburban Copenhagen, and that comparison of prevalences between studies requires that they use the same method of radiological assessment.
Asunto(s)
Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/complicaciones , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/etiología , Anciano , Dinamarca , Terapia de Reemplazo de Estrógeno , Femenino , Humanos , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/terapia , Prevalencia , Radiografía , Radiología/métodos , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
111 cases of postoperative discitis during 1968-1986 were analyzed retrospectively. The diagnosis was confirmed by lumbar tomography. Low back pain appeared at an average of 16 days postoperatively. Laboratory findings were of minor value in the diagnosis since elevated ESR, white blood cell count, and body temperature were inconstant findings. Compared with a matched control group, there was a higher incidence of chronic low back pain and vocational handicap in the discitis patients. There was no difference in the consumption of analgetics, the subjective evaluation of the final outcome, spinal mobility or neurologic findings.
Asunto(s)
Discitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Vértebras Lumbares/cirugía , Adulto , Anciano , Discitis/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Desplazamiento del Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Tomografía por Rayos XRESUMEN
Computed tomographic cholangiography has not been mentioned as a diagnostic procedure in the demonstration of common bile duct calculi. Computed tomographic cholangiography demonstrated both calcified and non-calcified common bile duct calculi in two patients. Computed tomographic cholangiography can be employed in investigation of biliary tract disease in selected cases where endoscopic retrograde cholangiography is not possible and ultrasound and ordinary computed tomography fail.
Asunto(s)
Colangiografía/métodos , Cálculos Biliares/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Colangiografía/instrumentación , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X/métodosRESUMEN
Inter- and intra-observer variation in spine radiographs of 100 osteoporotic women and longitudinal change in roentgenologic status after 1 year of antiosteoporotic treatment were assessed. The method applied was naked eye inspection, and a score system estimating severity of fractures - vertebral deformation score (VDS). Agreement was assessed by the Kappa coefficient corrected for agreement by change. The results showed a satisfactory inter- and intraobserver agreement for wedge (Kappa = 0.72 and 0.90) and compression fractures (Kappa = 0.60 and 0.92). The method proved less reliable for endplate fractures (Kappa = 0.39 and 0.73). We think that the method of investigation is well suited for monitoring treatment effects in longitudinal studies.
Asunto(s)
Osteoporosis/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagen , Anciano , Envejecimiento , Dinamarca/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Menopausia , Métodos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Variaciones Dependientes del Observador , Osteoporosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Radiografía , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Método Simple Ciego , Enfermedades de la Columna Vertebral/tratamiento farmacológico , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/clasificación , Fracturas de la Columna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagenRESUMEN
The roentgenologic course of postoperative discitis is described in 111 patients examined with laminar tomography. The earliest lesion was blurring of the end plate or minor destructions, leading to cavitation of the vertebral body. Mean time from operation to the first clinical symptoms was 3 weeks. Mean time from operation to first radiologic lesions was 2 months, from operation to maximal lesions 4 months, and to the first radiologic sign of healing 5.5 months. A follow-up study was carried out and the radiologic findings were compared to those of a matched control group. A significantly higher incidence of decrease in disc height, intercorporal fusion and major osteophytes was found in the discitis group. The usefulness of laminar tomography, CT, MRI and isotope studies in the diagnosis of discitis is discussed. It is concluded that laminar tomography is a good alternative, when MRI is not available.
Asunto(s)
Discitis/diagnóstico por imagen , Disco Intervertebral/cirugía , Vértebras Lumbares , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/diagnóstico por imagen , Tomografía por Rayos X , Adulto , Anciano , Discitis/epidemiología , Discitis/etiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of discontinuous treatments with intranasal salmon calcitonin on bone and calcium metabolism in postmenopausal women and to establish the effects of withdrawing treatment. PATIENTS AND METHODS: This report presents data from 26 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis (forearm fracture) 12 months after withdrawal of a 1-year double-blind, placebo-controlled therapy with intranasal calcitonin. The women then resumed treatment with calcitonin 200 IU plus calcium 500 mg daily in an open design for an additional 1-year period. A control group of 19 age-matched women (no forearm fracture) did not receive any treatment. RESULTS: At the end of the 3 years, the control group had lost significantly more bone in the forearm (single photon absorptiometry) and spine (dual photon absorptiometry) than had the group treated with intranasal calcitonin for 2 years, whereas the group receiving calcitonin for 1 year had intermediate values. During the year of withdrawal, the rate of bone loss was similar in the women who had received calcitonin and those who had received placebo. Calcitonin was especially effective in women with initially high bone turnover and low bone mass. The bone response in the spine could, furthermore, be estimated by the changes in bone turnover. CONCLUSION: Discontinuous treatment with intranasal calcitonin affects bone and calcium metabolism in established osteoporosis. In women with high-turnover osteoporosis, therapy results in a net gain of bone in both the peripheral and axial skeleton. Response to treatment may be monitored by changes in bone turnover.
Asunto(s)
Calcitonina/uso terapéutico , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/tratamiento farmacológico , Absorciometría de Fotón , Administración Intranasal , Anciano , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Densidad Ósea , Huesos/metabolismo , Calcitonina/administración & dosificación , Calcio/metabolismo , Creatinina/orina , Femenino , Humanos , Hidroxiprolina/orina , Vértebras Lumbares/metabolismo , Persona de Mediana Edad , Osteocalcina/sangre , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/sangre , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/metabolismo , Osteoporosis Posmenopáusica/orinaAsunto(s)
Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/diagnóstico , Colecistectomía , Ultrasonografía , Adulto , Anciano , Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedades de las Vías Biliares/etiología , Colangiografía , Colelitiasis/diagnóstico , Colelitiasis/diagnóstico por imagen , Estudios de Evaluación como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cuidados PosoperatoriosRESUMEN
The accuracy of measurement of the bone mineral content (BMC, g) and bone mineral density (BMD, g/cm2) of the lumbar spine by dual photon absorptiometry (DPA) was estimated by means of two different spine scanners (a Nuclear Data 2100 and a Lunar Radiation DP3). The lumbar spines of 13 cadavers were used. BMC and BMD were measured in situ and on the excised vertebrae in a solution of water/ethanol; and covered with ox muscle/porcine muscle/lard. The actual mineral weight and areal density were determined after chemical maceration, fat extraction, drying to a constant weight, ashing for 24 hr at 600 degrees C, and correction for the transverse processes. The true are was measured by parallax free X rays and planimetry. All measurements of BMC or BMD were highly interrelated (r = 0.94-0.99). The standard error of estimate (s.e.e.) of BMC in situ versus BMC in water/ethanol was 5.2%. The agreement between the BMD values of the two scanners was very good (s.e.e. = 2.9%). BMC in situ predicted the actual vertebral mineral mass with an s.e.e. of 8.1%. BMD in situ and BMD in water/ethanol predicted the actual area density with s.e.e.s of 10.3% and 5.0%, respectively. This study discloses the correlation and accuracy error of spinal DPA measurements in situ in whole cadavers versus the actual BMC and BMD. The error, which is underestimated in in vitro studies, amounts to 10%.
Asunto(s)
Vértebras Lumbares/análisis , Minerales/análisis , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Vértebras Lumbares/diagnóstico por imagen , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Cintigrafía/instrumentación , Cintigrafía/normasRESUMEN
The clinical severity of bone disease was studied in 44 post-menopausal osteoporotic women. Spinal x-rays were assessed and compared to objective measurements of bone mass and bone structure; forearm bone mineral content (BMCarm) by single photon absorptiometry, total body bone mineral content (TBBM), and spinal bone mineral content (BMCspine) by dual photon absorptiometry, and corrected cortical width (C Cor W), trabecular bone volume (TBV), and indices of trabecular microstructure by iliac crest biopsy. For comparison data of BMCarm, TBBM and BMCspine in 25 post-menopausal normals are shown. The results showed a reduction in amount of both cortical and trabecular bone in the fracture patients compared to normals. A subdivision of the fracture patients into two groups constituting 26 patients with wedge fractures alone and 18 patients with compression (+wedge) fractures showed that the latter group had a further predominantly trabecular bone loss and a further deteriorated trabecular microstructure. On an individual basis no agreement between clinical severity of bone disease and amount and structure of bone could be demonstrated.