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Diabetes is a metabolic disorder associated with chronic inflammation; pre-diabetes phase promotes to inflammatory mechanism then finally progress to diabetes and its associated complications. Therefore, it is of interest to investigate the changes in inflammatory biomarkers Evidence that inflammatory markers play a role in the development as well as severity of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study has been designed to decipher the involvement of Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Nesfatin-1 and Blood sugar in the etiopathogenesis of T2DM. This retrospective observational study analyzed patient records from our hospital, focusing on those with diabetes or pre-diabetes. Glycosylated hemoglobin, inflammatory biomarkers, Fasting Blood Glucose, and Post-Prandial Blood Glucose were assessed. SPSS 28 facilitated statistical analysis; utilizing Bivariate Correlation assessed the relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and diabetes status (glycosylated hemoglobin). In the pre-diabetic vs. diabetic groups, significant differences exist in IL-6 (p=0.0344), TNF-α (p=0.041), Nesfatin-1 (p=0.0485), fasting blood glucose (p=0.036), and 2h post-prandial blood glucose (p=0.048). IL6 (AUC=0.729, p<0.001), TNF (AUC=0.761, p<0.001), and Nesfatin1 (AUC=0.892, p<0.001) show moderate discriminative power. PP (AUC=0.992, p<0.001) and hbA1c (AUC=0.993, p<0.001) exhibit excellent discriminatory ability. Correlations: IL6 with TNF (r=0.672, p<0.001) and Nesfatin1 (r=0.542, p<0.001); TNF with Nesfatin1 (r=0.591, p<0.001), hbA1c (r=0.683, p<0.001), and PP (r=0.367, p<0.001); Nesfatin1 with PP (r=0.594, p<0.001) and hbA1c (r=0.800, p<0.001). Age has a negative correlation with hbA1c (r=-0.119, p=0.086). Thus, data shows a significant association between inflammatory markers, blood glucose levels, and the progression from pre-diabetes to diabetes.
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OBJECTIVES: There is a lack of Indian data regarding the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MetS) or its components in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). As a result, the present study aimed to determine the prevalence of MetS in COPD cases and investigate its association with COPD severity. MATERIAL: After receiving ethical approval from Index Medical College and Hospital, we conducted this cross-sectional study in Indore. We recruited 100 participants with a history of COPD and divided them into two groups: those with MetS and those without. Researchers examined the subjects' fasting blood glucose, serum high-density lipoprotein, triglyceride (TG), systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP/DBP), waist circumference, and fasting blood glucose levels. RESULTS: We discovered that 59% of patients with COPD and 52% of individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) had MetS (mean ± SD = 110.8 ± 32.8). In comparison, 48% (mean ± SD = 98.2 ± 24.8) of individuals with normal fasting glucose do not experience this. The incidence of MetS was higher in both groups, those with IFG and those without, but the difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.7088, df = 98; p = 0.0907). We observed X2 = 1.336, df = 1, and p = 0.2476 when we tested the association between IFG and COPD with the Chi-square test. CONCLUSION: Individuals with MetS were more likely to have high BP, raised TG levels, low HDL cholesterol, abdominal obesity, and other risk factors.
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Adiponectin is closely related to glucose metabolism and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and other kinds of diabetes linked to the risk of T2DM. Therefore, it is of interest to report the correlation between adiponectin levels and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) as a diagnostic marker of T2DM and healthy control. Total 210 participants were included of IPD & OPD healthy controls with glycosylated hemoglobin levels under 6% were included. Blood samples, collected using sterile clot activator or plain vials, were stored at -20°C. The biomarker score that comprised significant differences in age, gender distribution, and metabolic indicators are seen between the diabetes (n=105) and control (n=105) groups. Increase in both Adiponectin and HbA1c% Mean±SD (6.86±0.23, p<0.0001; 22.71±2.01; p<0.0001) is indicative of deteriorating glycaemic control and an accompanying rise in inflammatory response. Positively correlate adiponectin levels with HbA1c levels (r2=0.398; p<0.0001), suggesting a link between inflammatory response and glucose control. Lower adiponectin levels are statistically associated with diabetes. Diabetes and adiponectin were negatively correlated and positive linear relationship between HbA1c and adiponectin levels. Adiponectin may be a significant factor useful in understanding the pathophysiology; they are likely to be straight forward instruments for predicting future risk of diabetes.
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INTRODUCTION: New biomarkers, such as neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a member of the lipocalin family, and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) have been utilised in recent years to identify the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, attempts to use them as broad markers to check for renal injury in patients and to pinpoint the kidney injury site have been unsuccessful. Therefore the search for an ideal panel of biomarkers predicting progression of CKD is still ongoing. The present study is designed to evaluate the biomarkers for CKD from NGAL, KIM-1, Beta trace protein (BTP) and Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA). MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this case-control study, 100 participants were selected on the basis of inclusion and exclusion criteria at the Index Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Madhya Pradesh, there were 67 male subjects and 33 female CKD subjects and 100 non-CKD subjects (60 male and 40 female) matched for age and sex were taken from the hospital. RESULTS: Between the CKD and non-CKD participants, the levels of BTP, plasma NGAL, KIM-1, and ADMA were compared and found to be substantially higher than those in the controls. CONCLUSION: Abnormal renal function is linked to disturbed blood levels of BTP, NGAL, KIM-1, and ADMA. Strong correlations exist between increased blood levels of BTP, NGAL, KIM-1, and ADMA and reduced kidney function. They might thus be used to estimate the decline of renal function and the progression of CKD.