Enterosorption as a method to decrease the systemic toxicity of cisplatin.

UNLABELLED: A perspective adsorptive method to minimize systemic toxic effects of chemotherapy is enterosorption (ES). However, the capabilities of this method are far from being completely studied. The question remains opened - should ES be initiated in the first hours on completing cytostatic infusion without the risk of their anticancer activity to be decreased. AIM: to analyze ES influence on anticancer activity and toxic reactions of cisplatin (CP) upon the use of carbon enterosorbent in 1 h after intravenous administration of cytostatic. METHODS: CP at the dose of 1 mg/kg body weigh (BW) was administered to Guerin carcinoma-bearing rats each second day for two weeks. Enterosorbents on the basis of highly activated carbon fibers were administered by per os daily 1 h after CP injection. 3 days after the last CP administration the rats were weighted and blood under ether narcosis has been taken for biochemical examination. Tumors and innate organs were isolated, weighted, and fixed in 4% buffered formalin for morphologic examination. RESULTS: In rats administered with CP at the background of ES, BW loss was in 1.6 times lower than in animals after CP session. Relative kidney weight in CP-treated rats was 33.9% higher than in normal ones (p ≤ 0.05). No significant differences were detected between relative kidney weights in the CP + ES-treated and intact animals. Introduction of ES allowed prevent an 30% increase of creatinin content observed in blood plasma after CP treatment (р ≤ 0.05). Urea content was 1.7 times lower in blood plasma of CP + ES-treated rats than after CP treatment. CP caused significant toxic injuries in kidneys, liver, and spleen tissues. Morphologic structure of organs in rats treated with CP at the background of ES was affected at much lower degree. In tumors, large areas of newly formed connective tissue and blood vessels have been fixed after the CP+ES action instead of large necrotic area observed after CP treatment. ES caused insignificant suppression of Guerin carcinoma growth and had additional impact to inhibitory action of CP. CONCLUSION: Active carbon enterosorbents which are administrated just 1 h after CP administration possesses detoxicating potential sufficient for significant elimination of toxic effect of the cytostatic at the background of complete preservation of its antitumor activity.

[On efficiency of local xidiphone in treating osteoporotic changes in hands of vibration disease patients].

The authors demonstrated that local electrophoresis of xidiphone for osteoporotic changes in hands of vibration disease patients results in preservation of bone mineral density. Treatment courses should occur 2-3-4 times annually.

[Psychologic adjustment to therapy in children with cancer]. / Osobennosti psikhologicheskoi adaptatsii k lecheniiu detei s onkopatologoiei.

Peculiarities of adjustment of pediatric cancer patients and their perception of the disease were studied in a group of 29 including 12 cases of hematooncological diseases and 17 cases of different solid tumors. Projective psychological methods were used. Such menifestations of failure to adjust as lower selfesteem, feeling of guilt, helplessness, passivity, anxiety and fear were observed in nearly all the patients. Adequate adjustment was found to be determined by the formation of a similarly adequate perception of the disease which in turn becomes possible when the problems involved were discussed with the patient by competent medical staff and well-counseled parents in an open and trust-worthy manner.

[The role of parents in the psychological adjustment of children with cancer]. / Rol' roditelei v psikhologicheskoi adaptatsii detei s onkopatologiei.

The behavior of parents may have a decisive impact on the child's adjustment to treatment. Their positive attitudes have a calming effect, support the patient's emotionally and overcome problems and bear sufferings involved in the treatment. Conversely, negative attitude may ruin the adjustment and provoke pessimism, lack of cooperation and even aggressiveness. Although the nature and degree of parental behavior and attitude may vary, their impact on pediatric patient adaptation processes shows a general trend. Of particular importance is the pattern of parental attitude at stages of treatment which involve frustration, extrapunitive behavior of parents being a possible negative factor. Our experience suggests that psychologists employed at children's oncological clinics should provide more counseling for parents and more training professional for the medical staff to improve adjustment of patients to therapy.

[Role of the attitude to work in the rehabilitation of patients with breast cancer]. / O roli trudovoi ustanovki v reabilitatsii bol'nykh rakom molochnoi zhelezy.

The nature and changes of motivation for work as well as occupational rehabilitation planning were studied in 50 cases of radical mastectomy for breast cancer. The approach was based on the general principles of psychology and some methods of pathopsychology. Patient's motivation for work was found to be one of the major factors leading to occupational rehabilitation, the latter being less dependent on the stage of disease and surgical procedure in patients with stable motivation. The role of the immediate social environment and its beneficial effect on rehabilitation are also discussed.

[Features of the internal picture of the disease among psoriasis and neurodermatitis patients]. / Osobennosti vnutrennei kartiny bolezni u bol'nykh psoriazom i neirodermitom.

Using experimental-psychological methods, the characteristics of the disease awareness were studied in 25 patients with psoriasis and neurodermatitis. The structure of the disease awareness was found to be strongly dependent on the degree of the cosmetic defect: in patients with a marked defect, the emotional and motivational levels occupy the leading position in the structure of the disease awareness, whereas in patients with a mild cosmetic defect, the sensitive level is predominant.

[Features of the cognitive activity of end-stage chronic renal failure patients]. / Osobennosti poznavatel'noi deiatel'nosti bol'nykh khronicheskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnost'iu v terminal'noi stadii.

Under examination there were 27 patients with chronic renal insufficiency at various stages of hemodialysis treatment. The results obtained point to an impairment of the cognitive activity that manifested in exhaustability, apathy, working capacity fluctuations and memory deterioration due to a greater retroactive inhibition. An impairment of the operational aspect of the cognitive activity manifested in a lowering of the level of generalization and appearance (in cases of difficulties) of morbid philosophizing of the "operational weakness compensation" type. The disturbance of the motivation component of the psychic activity manifested in both distortion of the generalization processes and an inadequate position of the patient during the examination. It is concluded that the disturbances of the cognitive activity observed in the patients with chronic renal insufficiency should be considered in indissoluble connection with their personality changes.

[Cortical influences on thyroid and sex gland function in neurotic dogs]. / Kortikal'nye vliianiia na funktsiiu shchitovidnoi i polovykh zhelez pri éksperimental'nom nevroze u sobak

Disturbances of higher nervous activity charactetized by the development of an experimental neurosis were elicited in three male dogs by means of functional influences. This was accompanied by an increase, decrease or no change in the level of total thyroxine in the blood with greater fluctuations of its content on different days. An euthyreoid state persisted in the dogs throughout all periods of the neurosis, which is testified by the absence of changes of the free thyroxine coefficient. In the first three to four weeks of the experimental neurosis the testosterone content in the blood plasma was enhanced, its level not correlating with the variations of thyroxine content in the blood.