Development of Cyclodextrin-Based Mono and Dual Encapsulated Powders by Spray Drying for Successful Preservation of Everlasting Flower Extract.

The study aimed to develop encapsulation systems to maintain the preservation of everlasting (Helichrysum plicatum) flower extract polyphenols. Spray-dried encapsulates were formulated using ß-cyclodextrin (BCD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) as supramolecular hosts, and their macromolecule mixtures with the conventional carriers, maltodextrin (MD) and whey protein (WP). The obtained microparticles were comparatively assessed regarding technological, physicochemical, and phytochemical properties. The highest yields were achieved by combining cyclodextrins with whey protein (73.96% for WP+BCD and 75.50% for WP+HPBCD compared to 62.48% of pure extract). The extract-carrier interactions and thermal stability were evaluated by FTIR and DSC analysis, suggesting successful entrapment within the carriers. Carriers reduced the particle diameter (3.99 to 4.86 µm compared to 6.49 µm of pure extract), classifying all encapsulates as microsystems. Carrier blends made the particle size distribution uniform, while SEM analysis revealed the production of more spherical and less aggregated particles. The HPBCD provided the highest encapsulation efficiency, with the highest content of detected aglycones and slightly lower values of their glycosylated forms. An analysis of the dual macromolecule encapsulation systems revealed the highest bioactive preservation potential for SHE+MD+BCD and SHE+WP+HPBCD. Overall, macromolecule combinations of cyclodextrins and conventional biopolymers in the spray-drying process can enhance the functional properties of H. plicatum extract.

Spasmolytic, Antimicrobial, and Antioxidant Activities of Spray-Dried Extracts of Gentiana asclepiadea L. with In Silico Pharmacokinetic Analysis.

This study aimed to evaluate the spasmolytic activity of an underground parts extract of Gentiana asclepiadea L. (Gentianaceae), assess its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities, and explore the impact of extract encapsulation on the aforementioned bioactivities. An extract encapsulated by spray drying with whey protein, pure extract, and pure whey protein were comparatively tested. The main compounds identified via HPLC-DAD analysis underwent in silico ADME assessment. The spasmolytic effect was tested on a model of spontaneous rat ileum contractions, and the mechanism of action was further evaluated on acetylcholine-, KCl-, CaCl2-, BaCl2-, histamine-, N(ω)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester-, and glibenclamide-modified contractions. The most abundant compounds were secoiridoids (dominantly gentiopicroside), followed by C-glycosylated flavonoids and xanthones. Both pure and encapsulated extracts achieved significant spasmolytic effects, despite the spasmogenic activity of pure whey protein. The extract may exert its spasmolytic effect through multiple pathways, predominantly by antagonizing the Ca2+ channel and opening the K+ channel, while the nitric oxide pathway appears not to be involved. The antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the pure extract were moderate. The extract stabilized by encapsulation retained all of the tested bioactivities of the unencapsulated extract. The obtained results suggest that G. asclepiadea has potential for use in the treatment of some gastrointestinal complaints and that the encapsulated extract could be a valuable functional ingredient in pharmaceutical and food products.

Reduced light exposure mitigates streptozotocin-induced vascular changes and gliosis in diabetic retina by an anti-inflammatory effect and increased retinal cholesterol turnover.

Diabetic retinopathy is not cured efficiently and changes of lifestyle measures may delay early retinal injury in diabetes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of reduced daily light exposure on retinal vascular changes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced model of DM with emphasis on inflammation, Aqp4 expression, visual cycle and cholesterol metabolism-related gene expression in rat retina and RPE. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups: 1. control; 2. diabetic group (DM) treated with streptozotocin (100 mg/kg); 3. group exposed to light/dark cycle 6/18 h (6/18); 4. diabetic group exposed to light/dark cycle 6/18 h (DM+6/18). Retinal vascular abnormalities were estimated based on lectin staining, while the expression of genes involved in the visual cycle, cholesterol metabolism, and inflammation was determined by qRT-PCR. Reduced light exposure alleviated vasculopathy, gliosis and the expression of IL-1 and TNF-α in the retina with increased perivascular Aqp4 expression. The expression of genes involved in visual cycle and cholesterol metabolism was significantly up-regulated in RPE in DM+6/18 vs. DM group. In the retina only the expression of APOE was significantly higher in DM+6/18 vs. DM group. Reduced light exposure mitigates vascular changes and gliosis in DM via its anti-inflammatory effect, increased retinal cholesterol turnover and perivascular Aqp4 expression.

Multifunctional Pomegranate Peel Microparticles with Health-Promoting Effects for the Sustainable Development of Novel Nutraceuticals and Pharmaceuticals.

Recovering the bioactive components from pomegranate peel (PP) in the fruit-processing industry has attracted great attention in terms of minimizing the waste burden, as well as providing a new source of a multitude of functional compounds. The present study aimed to develop a feasible microencapsulation process of PP extract by using pectin and a pectin/2-hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HP-ß-CD) blend as coating materials. Microsized powders obtained by a spray drying technique were examined in terms of technological characteristics, exhibiting high powder yield and desirable moisture content, flowability, and cohesive properties. Assuming that the interactions with the used biopolymers occur on the surface hydrophobic domain, their presence significantly improved the thermal stability of the microencapsulated powders up to 200 °C. The health-promoting effects of PP have been associated with its high content in ellagitannins, particularly punicalagin. The obtained PP powders exhibited strong antioxidant and hypoglycemic potential, while an antimicrobial assay revealed their potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. Additionally, an in vitro release study suggested that the used biopolymers can modify the release of target bioactive compounds, thus establishing a basis for developing an oral-controlled release system. Altogether, biowaste valorization from PP by the production of effective multifunctional microsized powders represents a sustainable way to obtain novel nutraceuticals and/or pharmaceuticals.

Modelling the carbon balance in bryophytes and lichens: Presentation of PoiCarb 1.0, a new model for explaining distribution patterns and predicting climate-change effects.

PREMISE: Bryophytes and lichens have important functional roles in many ecosystems. Insight into their CO2 -exchange responses to climatic conditions is essential for understanding current and predicting future productivity and biomass patterns, but responses are hard to quantify at time scales beyond instantaneous measurements. We present PoiCarb 1.0, a model to study how CO2 -exchange rates of these poikilohydric organisms change through time as a function of weather conditions. METHODS: PoiCarb simulates diel fluctuations of CO2 exchange and estimates long-term carbon balances, identifying optimal and limiting climatic patterns. Modelled processes were net photosynthesis, dark respiration, evaporation and water uptake. Measured CO2 -exchange responses to light, temperature, atmospheric CO2 concentration, and thallus water content (calculated in a separate module) were used to parameterize the model's carbon module. We validated the model by comparing modelled diel courses of net CO2 exchange to such courses from field measurements on the tropical lichen Crocodia aurata. To demonstrate the model's usefulness, we simulated potential climate-change effects. RESULTS: Diel patterns were reproduced well, and the modelled and observed diel carbon balances were strongly positively correlated. Simulated warming effects via changes in metabolic rates were consistently negative, while effects via faster drying were variable, depending on the timing of hydration. CONCLUSIONS: Reproducing weather-dependent variation in diel carbon balances is a clear improvement compared to simply extrapolating short-term measurements or potential photosynthetic rates. Apart from predicting climate-change effects, future uses of PoiCarb include testing hypotheses about distribution patterns of poikilohydric organisms and guiding conservation strategies for species.

Microencapsulated Bilberry and Chokeberry Leaf Extracts with Potential Health Benefits.

The aim of the research was to develop microencapsulated powders of bilberry and chokeberry extracts via the spray drying technique. Two biopolymers, pectin alone and in combination with HP-ß-CD, were used to preserve the antioxidant, hypoglycemic, photoprotective, and antimicrobial bioactivity of the berry leaf extracts. Moreover, the formed powders were characterized in terms of technological, chemical, and several biological properties. The obtained micro-sized powders (mean average particle diameter from 3.83 to 5.94 µm) demonstrated a process yield of up to 73%. The added biopolymers improved the flowability and cohesive properties of the powders and increased their thermal stability to 170 °C. The total content of polyphenolics in the powders ranged from 323.35 to 367.76 mg GAE/g DW for bilberry and from 186.85 to 227.59 mg GAE/g DW for chokeberry powders; meanwhile, chlorogenic acid was the predominant compound in powders. All samples showed stronger α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (IC50 values ranged from 5.00 to 19.59 µg/mL) compared with the reference standard. The study confirmed that spray drying is a suitable method for the preservation of the polyphenolic-rich extracts, while the addition of carriers has a positive effect on the improvement of microencapsulated powders' properties.

The chemical characterisation of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) seed oil.

The past decade has seen increasing interest in plant oils in the food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries due to their diverse functional and nutritional properties, as well as the high levels of consumer acceptance. As a result, there has been a spike in research interest in finding new sources of oils with good potential for industrial use. In this paper, the chemical characterisation (saponification, iodine, acid and ester numbers, as well as fatty acid composition) of nettle seed oil was given. Oil was analysed for its thermooxidative stability by differential scanning calorimetry. The kinetic parameters of oxidation (Ea, A, and k) were also determined. The results showed that nettle seed oil belongs to the group of edible oils of the linoleic type and it is nutritionally highly valuable, it has pronounced thermooxidative stability and could be an alternative source of raw material for the food, cosmetics, and other non-food industries.

Microencapsulates of Blue Maize Polyphenolics as a Promising Ingredient in the Food and Pharmaceutical Industry: Characterization, Antioxidant Properties, and In Vitro-Simulated Digestion.

An anthocyanin-rich blue maize waste product was used for anthocyanin extraction. To preserve bioactive phenolic compounds, a spray-drying technique was employed using conventional wall material maltodextrin (MD), with novel one, hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPBCD). The obtained spray-dried maize extract (SME) and microencapsulates were analyzed based on physicochemical powder properties, chemical analysis, antioxidant activity, and digestibility. The examined microencapsulates demonstrated good powder properties, exhibited a high powder yield (up to 83%), and had a low moisture content (less than 5%). HPBCD and MD + HPBCD combinations demonstrated superior powder properties in the terms of decreasing the time necessary for rehydration (133.25 and 153.8 s, respectively). The mean average particle diameter ranged from 4.72 to 21.33 µm. DSC analyses signified high powder thermal stability, around 200 °C, related to the increasing preservation with biopolymer addition. The total phenolic and anthocyanin compounds ranged from 30,622 to 32,211 mg CE/kg (CE-catechin equivalents) and from 9642 to 12,182 mg CGE/kg (CGE-cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents), respectively, associated with good bioactive compound protection. Microencapsulates with both carriers (15% MD and 15% HPBCD) had the highest digestibility (73.63%). Our results indicated that the microencapsulates created with the active ingredient and the wall materials (MD and HPBCD) could protect phenolic compounds/anthocyanins against ABTS radicals (63.53 and 62.47 mmol Trolox Eq/kg, respectively).

Natural deep eutectic solvents combined with cyclodextrins: A novel strategy for chokeberry anthocyanins extraction.

Innovative eco-friendly methods based on natural deep eutectic solvents (NaDES) coupled with ultrasound-assisted extraction were employed for chokeberry anthocyanins extractions. Nine different NaDES composed of choline chloride as a hydrogen bond acceptor and organic acids (lactic, citric, malic), sugars (glucose, fructose), polyols (glycerol, 1,2-propanediol, sorbitol), and an amide (urea) as hydrogen bond donors were screened. Malic acid-containing NaDES was selected for optimization extraction conditions (time, temperature, water in NaDES) by response surface methodology. Optimal conditions for simultaneously maximizing the anthocyanins extraction (cyanidin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, total anthocyanins) were 42.7 °C, 90 min, and 40 % (w/w) water in NaDES. In the next stage of this study, the possibility to improve anthocyanins extraction at elevated temperatures by incorporating different concentrations of hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin into selected NaDES was investigated. The extraction was improved at hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin concentrations up to 3 % (w/w). To clarify the interaction of NaDES components and anthocyanins, a molecular dynamic simulation was conducted.

Isolated Spleen Metastases of Endometrial Cancer: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND: Isolated splenic metastases from endometrial cancer, which is a relatively common malignancy, are extremely rare findings; to date, only 14 cases have been reported in the literature. CASE SUMMARY: We report a patient with isolated splenic metastases of endometrial cancer 3 years after radical surgery of the primary tumor. The patient was successfully treated by splenectomy and six cycles of paclitaxel. Fifty months after splenectomy, she was alive and well, and with no evidence of disease. CONCLUSION: Isolated spleen metastasis of endometrial cancer is very rare. Radical surgery and adjuvant therapy may offer excellent long-term survival.

CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF NON-SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS IN CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS.

Chronic periodontitis is a common complication in diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate some clinical and microbiological parameters in controlled and uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus (type 2 DM) patients compared to non-diabetic (NDM) individuals, as well as to assess the effect of non-surgical periodontal therapy on these parameters. The study was performed in 61 type 2 DM patients with periodontitis (group 1A: 29 patients having achieved good metabolic control, HbA1c <7%; group 1B: 32 patients with poor metabolic control, HbA1c ≥7%), and 31 NDM individuals suffering from periodontitis. Periodontal indices (plaque index, PI; gingival index, GI; probing pocket depth, PPD; and clinical attachment level, CAL) were measured and subgingival plaque samples were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction prior to treatment initiation and 3 months post-treatment. The results recorded on the majority of measured parameters indicated that differences in treatment success achieved in the three treatment groups were not statistically significant (∆PI p=0.646; ∆GI p=0.303; and ∆CAL p=0.233). Likewise, comparison of the effectiveness in microorganism reduction revealed no significant differences between DM groups and NDM patients. Therefore, study results supported the hypothesis that periodontal therapy outcome was unaffected by the level of glycemic control in patients with diabetes.

Simulating climate change in situ in a tropical rainforest understorey using active air warming and CO2 addition.

Future climate-change effects on plant growth are most effectively studied using microclimate-manipulation experiments, the design of which has seen much advance in recent years. For tropical forests, however, such experiments are particularly hard to install and have hence not been widely used. We present a system of active heating and CO2 fertilization for use in tropical forest understoreys, where passive heating is not possible. The system was run for 2 years to study climate-change effects on epiphytic bryophytes, but is also deemed suitable to study other understorey plants. Warm air and CO2 addition were applied in 1.6-m-tall, 1.2-m-diameter hexagonal open-top chambers and the microclimate in the chambers compared to outside air. Warming was regulated with a feedback system while CO2 addition was fixed. The setup successfully heated the air by 2.8 K and increased CO2 by 250 ppm on average, with +3 K and +300 ppm as the targets. Variation was high, especially due to technical breakdowns, but not biased to times of the day or year. In the warming treatment, absolute humidity slightly increased but relative humidity dropped by between 6% and 15% (and the vapor pressure deficit increased) compared to ambient, depending on the level of warming achieved in each chamber. Compared to other heating systems, the chambers provide a realistic warming and CO2 treatment, but moistening the incoming air would be needed to avoid drying as a confounding factor. The method is preferable over infrared heating in the radiation-poor forest understorey, particularly when combined with CO2 fertilization. It is suitable for plant-level studies, but ecosystem-level studies in forests may require chamber-less approaches like infrared heating and free-air CO2 enrichment. By presenting the advantages and limitations of our approach, we aim to facilitate further climate-change experiments in tropical forests, which are urgently needed to understand the processes determining future element fluxes and biodiversity changes in these ecosystems.

Characterization of free and insoluble-bound phenolics of chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seeds.

The content, antioxidant activity and composition of free and bound phenolics from chia seeds were investigated. The free phenolics were extracted by using ethanol and methanol of analytical purity, 70% v/v ethanol and by 70% v/v methanol. The bound phenolics were extracted from seeds after alkaline hydrolysis was done. The phenolics content obtained by aqueous-alcoholic solutions was higher than the content obtained by using the pure alcoholic solution (for 20.8% by 70% methanol and 41.2% by 70% ethanol). The content of bound phenolics was 932 µg g-1. Among the identified phenolic compounds the apigenin 4'-O-glucoside was the most abundant, and among the acids, a rosmarinic was the most abundant in free phenolic extract and caffeic acid in bound. The correlation coefficients indicated the DPPH method and reducing power were more suitable for assessing the antioxidant activity than the FRAP method.

Optimization of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Phenolics from Sideritis raeseri Using Response Surface Methodology.

In this study we define the optimal conditions for ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive polyphenols from S. raeseri aerial parts using response surface methodology. The influence of ethanol concentration (10-90%), extraction temperature (20-80 °C), extraction time (10-60 min), and solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:50) on total phenolic content as well as on content of individual flavonoids, and hypolaetin and isoscutellarein derivatives was studied. For the experimental design, a central composite design was chosen. In the obtained extracts, the following ranges of targeted compounds were detected: total phenol from 19.32 to 47.23 mg GAE/g dw, HYP from 1.05 to 11.46 mg/g dw, ISC 1 from 0.68 to 10.68 mg/g dw, and ISC 2 from 0.74 to 15.56 mg/g dw. The optimal extraction conditions were set as: ethanol concentration of 65%, extraction time of 50 min, extraction temperature of 63 °C, and solid-to-solvent ratio of 1:40. Contents of TP, HYP, ISC 1, and ISC 2 in optimal extracts were 47.11 mg GAE/g dw, 11.73 mg/g dw, 9.54 mg/g dw, and 15.40 mg/g dw, respectively. Experimentally set values were in good agreement with those predicted by the response surface methodology model, indicating suitability of the used model, as well as the success of response surface methodology in optimizing the conditions of the extraction.

Chokeberry polyphenols preservation using spray drying: effect of encapsulation using maltodextrin and skimmed milk on their recovery following in vitro digestion.

Aim: Microencapsulation of chokeberry extracts was performed in order to improve functionality, stability, and bioavailability of extracted polyphenols.Methods: Chokeberry fruits and juice by-product (waste) extracts were spray-dried by using two carriers, maltodextrin and skimmed milk. Morphological and physicochemical characteristics of the obtained powders were analysed. In vitro simulated digestion model was used as an indicator of polyphenolics bioavailability.Results: The moisture content varied between 3.39 and 4.61%, zeta potential had negative values (35-39 mV), maltodetrin powders were smaller (4.27-5.12 µm) compared to skimmed ones (8.50-11.01 µm). All microparticles exhibited high encapsulation efficiency of total polyphenols and anthocyanins (73-97% and 63-96%, respectively). For both extract types, maltodextrin powders released higher phenolics content compared to skimmed milk. During in vitro digestion, maltodextrin exhibited a higher protective effect on both active compounds.Conclusion: Taking into account the obtained results, chokeberry polyphenols stability might be improved using spray drying technique, and maltodextrin showed better properties.

Characterization of stem-like cancer cells in basal cell carcinoma and its surgical margins.

BACKGROUND: Understanding the pathogenesis of basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and identifying the cells responsible for propagation and recurrence are crucial for the development of new treatment strategies. The aim of this study was to characterize the cells isolated from BCC and its margin. METHODS: Primary cultures were established from 10 BCCs, their respective close resection margins (3 mm) and 10 control tissues. Stem cell markers analysis was carried out by real-time PCR and/or flow cytometry. Spheroid formation and MTT assays were also performed. RESULTS: Real-time PCR showed a higher expression of embryonic (Oct4, Sox2 and Nanog) and mesenchymal (CD44 and CD73) stem cell markers in tumors compared to margins and controls (P < 0.05). Bmi-1 and GPR49 were also upregulated in tumors in comparison with margins. Both tumor and margin cells, but not normal, had the capacity to form spheroids. During passages, the number of spheres increased, while the diameter decreased. Tumor cells showed higher chemo-resistance compared to margin and control cells. CONCLUSIONS: Basal cell carcinomas expressed stem cell markers, pointing to the existence of a cancer cell side population with stemness characteristics. Margin also appeared to harbour a small number of cancer-initiating cells.

Polymorphisms of survivin -31 G/C gene are associated with risk of urothelial carcinoma in Serbian population.

PURPOSE: Survivin is thought to play an important role in carcinogenesis and is found to be associated with poor clinical outcome in various malignancies. Gene -31 G/C polymorphism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of several types of tumors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between survivin gene promoter -31C/G polymorphism and urothelial carcinoma (UC) risk in Serbian population and to compare the different expressions of survivin in UC of different disease stages, histological grades and tumor location in the upper or lower urinary tract. METHODS: DNA from 94 patients with primary UC and from 82 healthy subjects was subjected to PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) to identify individual genotypes. UC samples were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis to assess survivin expression in these lesions. RESULTS: It was observed that the frequency of G/G genotype was greater in patients with UC (58.7%) than in controls (32%). Compared with study subjects carrying the C/G or C/C genotypes, significantly increased UC risk was found for individuals carrying the G/G genotype. Those carrying the G/G genotype had a significantly increased UC risk compared with those with C/G or C/C genotypes. Patients with UC carrying the G/G genotype had a greater prevalence of muscle-invading (stage T2-T4), high-grade (G2) tumor and immunohistochemicaly overexpressed survivin compared with those carrying the C/G or C/C genotypes. CONCLUSIONS: G/G genotype of the -31C/G polymorphism might be a risk factor for UC development.

A characterization of content, composition and scavenging capacity of phenolic compounds in parsnip roots of various weight.

The contents, composition and radical scavenging capacity of phenolic compounds from parsnips of various root weights grown in Serbia were examined. The content of phenolic compounds depended on root size, and the highest content was in the group where the samples with the lowest root size were grouped. The content of phenolic compounds varied from 109.7 to 125.3 micromol of chlorogenic acid per g dry extract, i.e.5470.8 to 6245.1 mg per kg fresh weight. Among the identified compounds were quercetin, kaempferol, apigenin and genkwanin glucosides and hydroxycinnamic and caffeoylshikimic acids. The highest antioxidant capacity was found for the group with the lowest root weight; the IC50 values ranged from 1.59 to 2.49 mg mL(-1). There was positive correlation between the total phenolic content and scavenging capacity, and the kaempferol glucosides content could be an indicator of DPPH scavenging capacity of parsnip roots.

Survivin gene promoter polymorphism -31G/C as a risk factor for keratocystic odontogenic tumor development.

Several single nucleotide polymorphisms in survivin gene promoters, notably -31G/C, have been shown to modulate the expression and activity of the survivin protein. Consequently, the -31G/C polymorphism has been identified as a risk factor for the development of several types of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate a possible association between the -31G/C polymorphism and the risk for keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) development. DNA from 52 biopsy specimens of KCOTs and from 82 buccal swabs of healthy individuals was subjected to PCR restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis to identify individual genotypes. The distribution of genotypes in KCOT and control groups, respectively, was: GG: 30 (57.7%) vs. 26 (31.7%); CG: 17 (32.7%) vs. 45 (54.9%); and CC: 5 (9.6%) vs. 11 (13.4%), respectively. These differences were statistically significant. The G allele was more common in the KCOT group than in the control group: 76 (74%) vs. 96 (59%), respectively. Logistic regression analysis showed that GC heterozygotes had a considerably decreased susceptibility for KCOTs compared with GG homozygotes. The same was true for GC+CC vs. GG. The GG genotype of the -31G/C polymorphism might be a risk factor for KCOT development.

Liquid-liquid systems for acid hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids from Solanum tuberosum L. tuber sprouts and solanidine extraction.

BACKGROUND: Potato sprouts (Solanum tuberosum L.) contain steroidal glycoalkaloids containing solanidine, an important precursor for hormone synthesis. Glycoalkaloids are reported to inactivate the Herpes simplex, Herpes zoster and Herpes genitalis viruses in humans, while Aglyones, including solasodine, may protect against skin cancer. Extracts of glycoalkaloids or solanidine can be used to obtain a potential skin cancer preparation for clinical research. MATERIAL/METHODS: Dried potato sprouts were used to obtain glycoalkaloids and solanidine. The hydrolysis of glycoalkaloids in a liquid-liquid system was performed using a reflux condenser, obtaining extracts of glycolakaloids from dried and milled potato tuber sprouts. Hydrochloric acid was then added to the extract to form the first (aqueous) phase, and chloroform, trichloroethylene or carbon tetrachloride to form the second (organic) phase of the liquid-liquid system. In this way, glycoalkaloid hydrolysis to solanidine and solanidine extraction in the organic liquid phase were combined into a single step. IR and GC/MS analysis of solanidine was also conducted. RESULTS: Based on the results we obtained, the optimal liquid-liquid system was found to be 2% w/v hydrochloric acid in a 50% (volume) methanolic extract of glycoalkaloids from tuber sprouts, as the first phase, and chloroform as the second phase. Using this system, a yield of 1.46 g solanidine per 100 g of dried potato sprouts can be achieved. CONCLUSIONS: Glycoalkaloid hydrolysis in a liquid-liquid system yields the aglycone solanidine can be obtained from dried potato sprouts. The yield of solanidine is higher than that obtained using solid-liquid-liquid systems for glycoalkaloid hydrolysis from potato vines.