Burnout syndrome among healthcare professionals in intensive care units: a cross-sectional population-based study. / Síndrome de burnout entre profissionais de saúde nas unidades de terapia intensiva: um estudo transversal com base populacional.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with Burnout syndrome among intensive care unit professionals. METHODS: In this cross-sectional population-based study, a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic, behavioral, and occupational data was administered to 241 nurses and physicians working in 17 public intensive care units in São Luis (MA), Brazil. The Maslach Burnout Inventory - Human Services Survey was used to identify Burnout syndrome based on Maslach's and Grunfeld's criteria. The prevalence of each dimension of the syndrome was estimated with a 95% confidence interval. Associations were estimated by the odds ratios via multiple logistic regression analyses (α = 5%). RESULTS: The prevalence of Burnout syndrome was 0.41% (0.01 - 2.29) according to Maslach's criteria and 36.9% (30.82 - 43.36) according to Grunfeld's criteria. Infant intensive care unit professionals were more likely to develop emotional exhaustion than other intensive care professionals (OR = 3.16). Respondents over the age of 35 were less likely to develop emotional exhaustion (OR = 0.32) and depersonalization (OR = 0.06). Longer working hours in intensive care units were associated with a reduced sense of personal accomplishment (OR = 1.13). Among nurses, males had a lower sense of professional accomplishment, and not exercising regularly was associated with more emotional exhaustion and less depersonalization. Among physicians, working in infant and cardiology intensive care units made them less likely to have a reduced sense of personal accomplishment, and physicians without a postgraduate degree who worked in intensive care units had a higher chance of having a lower sense of personal accomplishment. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated the low prevalence of Burnout syndrome. Most of the professionals reported low levels for each dimension of Burnout, including low levels of emotional exhaustion, low levels of depersonalization, and a lower likelihood of having a reduced sense of personal accomplishment. Nurses and physicians have different characteristics associated with Burnout syndrome.

Congenital cardiac disease in childhood x socioeconomic conditions: a relationship to be considered in public health?

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart defects, cardiac malformations that occur in the embryonic period, constitute a serious health problem. They cover a proportion of 8-10 per 1000 live births and contribute to infant mortality. OBJECTIVE: To identify the socioeconomic status of children undergoing cardiac surgery at the Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, in São Luis, the existence of material elements that contribute to worsening conditions. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study with a quantitative approach, descriptive and reflective, from the interviews conducted by the Social Service Social with families of children with heart disease from January 2011 to July 2012. RESULTS: A total of 95 interviews, the results reveal that (75.79%) of children have elements that suggest poor socioeconomic conditions. It also shows that only 66.33% lived in brick house, while (31.73%) in mud, adobe and straw houses. With regard to income, it showed that only 4.08% received 1-2 minimum wages, while the remaining (95.9%) with benchmarks oscillating half the minimum wage (27.55%), 1/4 of the minimum wage and (24.48%) and income below 70 dollars per person, featuring extreme poverty. On the social security situation prevailing at children with no ties to 61.22%. With respect to benefits, we found that only (12.24%) of children were in the enjoyment of the Continuous Cash Benefit - CCB. CONCLUSION: Poor socioeconomic conditions listed as major obstacles in meeting the needs, resulting in the maintenance of health conditions and even allowing the aggravation of an existing pathology.

Congenital cardiac disease in childhood x socioeconomic conditions: a relationship to be considered in public health? / Cardiopatia congênita na infância x condições socioeconômicas: uma relação a ser considerada na saúde pública?

Introduction: Congenital heart defects, cardiac malformations that occur in the embryonic period, constitute a serious health problem. They cover a proportion of 8-10 per 1000 live births and contribute to infant mortality. Objective: To identify the socioeconomic status of children undergoing cardiac surgery at the Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal do Maranhão, in São Luis, the existence of material elements that contribute to worsening conditions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study with a quantitative approach, descriptive and reflective, from the interviews conducted by the Social Service Social with families of children with heart disease from January 2011 to July 2012. Results: A total of 95 interviews, the results reveal that (75.79%) of children have elements that suggest poor socioeconomic conditions. It also shows that only 66.33% lived in brick house, while (31.73%) in mud, adobe and straw houses. With regard to income, it showed that only 4.08% received 1-2 minimum wages, while the remaining (95.9%) with benchmarks oscillating half the minimum wage (27.55%), 1/4 of the minimum wage and (24.48%) and income below 70 dollars per person, featuring extreme poverty. On the social security situation prevailing at children with no ties to 61.22%. With respect to benefits, we found that only (12.24%) of children were in the enjoyment of the Continuous Cash Benefit - CCB. Conclusion: Poor socioeconomic conditions listed as major obstacles in meeting the needs, resulting in the maintenance of health conditions and even allowing the aggravation of an existing pathology. .

Introdução: As cardiopatias congênitas, são malformações cardíacas que ocorrem no período embrionário e configuram um sério problema de saúde. Incidem numa proporção de 8 a 10 em cada 1000 crianças nascidas vivas e contribuem para mortalidade infantil. Objetivo: Identificar na situação socioeconômica das crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca no Hospital Universitário em São Luís a existência de elementos materiais que concorrem para o agravamento desta afecção. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa de caráter descritivo-reflexivo, a partir das entrevistas sociais realizadas pelo Serviço Social junto às famílias das crianças cardiopatas no período de janeiro de 2011 a julho de 2012. Resultados: De um total de 95 entrevistas, os resultados revelaram que pelo menos 75,79% das crianças apresentaram elementos que sugerem condições socioeconômicas precárias. Evidenciaram que somente 66,33% viviam em casa de tijolo, enquanto 31,73%, em casas de taipa, adobe e palha. No que concerne à renda, foi constatado que apenas 4,08% das famílias recebiam de 1 a 2 salários mínimos, enquanto os demais 95,9% possuíam aferimentos oscilantes de 1/2 salário mínimo; 27,55% de 1/4 do salário mínimo e 24,48% renda inferior a 70 reais por pessoa, caracterizando situação de extrema pobreza. Sobre a situação previdenciária prevaleceram as crianças sem vínculo com (61,22%). No que tange a benefícios, observou-se que somente 12,24% delas estavam em gozo de Benefício de Prestação Continuada - BPC. Conclusão: condições socioeconômicas precárias figuram como importantes obstáculos no atendimento das necessidades ...

Avaliação do escore CABDEAL como preditor de disfunção neurológica no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica com circulação extracorpórea / Assesment of CABDEAL score as predictor of neurological dysfunction after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery

INTRODUÇÃO: As complicações neurológicas são temidas no pós-operatório das cirurgias cardíacas, sendo importante causa de óbito e de gastos hospitalares. Sua predição ainda é incerta. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade de um escore pré-operatório como preditor de disfunção neurológica no pós-operatório de revascularização miocárdica (RM) com circulação extracorpórea (CEC). MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo que avaliou 77 pacientes submetidos à RM no período de fevereiro a outubro de 2011. Utilizando-se o escore CABDEAL (creatinine, age, body mass index, diabetes, emergency surgery, abnormality on ECG, lung disease), os pacientes foram agrupados em alto (CABDEAL > 4) e baixo risco (CABDEAL<4). Para os desfechos encefalopatia e acidente vascular encefálico (AVE), foram comparados os valores preditivos do escore e das variáveis intra e pós-operatórias (tempos de pinçamento aórtico, CEC e ventilação mecânica). O teste exato de Fischer foi usado na análise estatística. A análise da curva ROC foi utilizada para avaliar a acurácia do modelo para os desfechos neurológicos. Adotou-se o nível de significância P<0,05. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade foi de 2,6% (n=2). Ocorreram dois episódios de AVE (2,6%) e 12 (15,5%) de encefalopatia. O desfecho encefalopatia associou-se significativamente com CABDEAL de alto risco (P=0,0009), tempo de ventilação mecânica (P=0,014), tempo de CEC (P=0,02), e tempo de pinçamento aórtico (P=0,006); este último associou-se também com AVE (P=0,03) e óbito (P=0,006). O escore CABDEAL apresentou maior área sob a curva ROC do que as demais variáveis para o desfecho encefalopatia. CONCLUSÃO: Na amostra estudada, o escore CABDEAL foi melhor preditor de encefalopatia no pós-operatório de RM quando comparado às variáveis intraoperatórias analisadas.

INTRODUCTION: Neurological dysfunction is a feared postoperative morbidity of cardiac surgery, an important cause of death and increased spending in hospitals. Its prediction, however, is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the applicability of a preoperative score as a predictor of neurological dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Prospective study that evaluated 77 patients who underwent CABG from February to October 2011. Using the score CABDEAL (creatinine, age, body mass index, diabetes, emergency surgery, abnormality on ECG, lung disease), patients were grouped into high (CABDEAL > 4) and low risk (CABDEAL<4). The predictive value of the score was compared with intraoperative and postoperative variables (aortic clamping time, CPB and ventilation time) as predictors of encephalopathy and stroke. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and compared with the Fisher exact test. ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the model for the neurological outcomes. It was considered the significant value P<0.05. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 2.6% (n=2). There were 2 episodes of stroke (2.6%) and 12 (15.5%) of encephalopathy. High risk CABDEAL (P=0.0009), ventilation time (P=0.014), CPB time (P=0.02) and aortic clamping time (P=0.006) were significantly associated with encephalopathy. The aortic clamping time was also associated with stroke (P=0.03) and death (P=0.006). CABDEAL score showed the largest area under the ROC curve rather than others variables. CONCLUSION: In this study, the CABDEAL score stood out as the best predictor of encephalopathy after CABG when compared to the others intraoperative variables.

Assesment of CABDEAL score as predictor of neurological dysfunction after on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting surgery.

INTRODUCTION: Neurological dysfunction is a feared postoperative morbidity of cardiac surgery, an important cause of death and increased spending in hospitals. Its prediction, however, is still uncertain. OBJECTIVE: To assess the applicability of a preoperative score as a predictor of neurological dysfunction after coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). METHODS: Prospective study that evaluated 77 patients who underwent CABG from February to October 2011. Using the score CABDEAL (creatinine, age, body mass index, diabetes, emergency surgery, abnormality on ECG, lung disease), patients were grouped into high (CABDEAL > 4) and low risk (CABDEAL<4). The predictive value of the score was compared with intraoperative and postoperative variables (aortic clamping time, CPB and ventilation time) as predictors of encephalopathy and stroke. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and compared with the Fisher exact test. ROC curve analysis was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the model for the neurological outcomes. It was considered the significant value P<0.05. RESULTS: The mortality rate was 2.6% (n=2). There were 2 episodes of stroke (2.6%) and 12 (15.5%) of encephalopathy. High risk CABDEAL (P=0.0009), ventilation time (P=0.014), CPB time (P=0.02) and aortic clamping time (P=0.006) were significantly associated with encephalopathy. The aortic clamping time was also associated with stroke (P=0.03) and death (P=0.006). CABDEAL score showed the largest area under the ROC curve rather than others variables. CONCLUSION: In this study, the CABDEAL score stood out as the best predictor of encephalopathy after CABG when compared to the others intraoperative variables.

Pediatric cardiac surgery under the parents sight: a qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart defects can often be corrected through surgery, providing for parents to expect a normal life, but the hospitalization experience often early, causes more pain, for which surgery is the worst moment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the experience of families of children undergoing cardiac surgery and to identify the coping resources used by the families. METHODS: A qualitative approach was the metodology of choice for this study, which took place with six semi-structured interviews and 100 hours of observation. Thematic analysis was used to understand the data. RESULTS: The results were categorized into four themes: feelings and emotions facing the illness of the child; heart disease under the watchful mother, mother and child on the ICU and coping resources. The speech of mothers demonstrated the importance of the heart due to its symbolism that enhances their emotional fragility in the face of illness. Religiosity and a solid social network of support were contributing factors for the maintenance of the adaptive behaviors. The presence of mothers in all stages of the child's treatment contributed to minimizing the suffering generated by hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The experience of families was characterized by ambivalent feelings such as fear of death, guilt and helplessness against the different stages of treatment. The anguish and anxiety prevailed in the face of unknown situations when information were required before therapeutic procedures, hospital routines and the actual life situation of the families.

A cirurgia cardíaca pediátrica sob o olhar dos pais: um estudo qualitativo / Pediatric cardiac surgery under the parents sight: a qualitative study

INTRODUÇÃO: As cardiopatias congênitas podem muitas vezes ser corrigidas por meio de cirurgia, assegurando para os pais a expectativa de uma vida normal, entretanto, a vivência da hospitalização, muitas vezes precoce, ocasiona maior sofrimento, sendo a operação o pior momento. OBJETIVO: O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a vivência de famílias de crianças submetidas à cirurgia cardíaca, identificando os recursos de enfrentamento utilizados pelos familiares. MÉTODOS: A abordagem qualitativa foi a opção metodológica deste estudo, onde realizou-se seis entrevistas semi-estruturadas e 100 horas de observação participante. Foi utilizada a análise temática para a compreensão dos dados. RESULTADOS: Os resultados foram categorizados em quatro núcleos temáticos: sentimentos e emoções frente ao adoecimento do filho; a doença do coração sob o olhar materno; mãe e filho na dinâmica da unidade de terapia intensiva e recursos de enfrentamento. A fala das mães demonstrou a importância do coração devido a seu simbolismo que, por sua vez, potencializa sua fragilidade emocional diante do adoecimento. A religiosidade e uma consistente rede social de apoio foram fatores contribuintes para a manutenção de comportamentos adaptativos. A presença da mãe em todas as etapas do tratamento da criança contribuiu para a minimização do sofrimento gerado pela internação. CONCLUSÕES: A vivência das famílias foi caracterizada por sentimentos ambivalentes, como medo da morte, culpa e impotência frente às diferentes etapas do tratamento. A angústia e a ansiedade prevaleceram diante de situações desconhecidas, necessidade de informações frente às condutas terapêuticas, rotinas hospitalares e da própria situação de vida das famílias entrevistadas.

INTRODUCTION: Congenital heart defects can often be corrected through surgery, providing for parents to expect a normal life, but the hospitalization experience often early, causes more pain, for which surgery is the worst moment. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the experience of families of children undergoing cardiac surgery and to identify the coping resources used by the families. METHODS: A qualitative approach was the metodology of choice for this study, which took place with six semi-structured interviews and 100 hours of observation. Thematic analysis was used to understand the data. RESULTS: The results were categorized into four themes: feelings and emotions facing the illness of the child; heart disease under the watchful mother, mother and child on the ICU and coping resources. The speech of mothers demonstrated the importance of the heart due to its symbolism that enhances their emotional fragility in the face of illness. Religiosity and a solid social network of support were contributing factors for the maintenance of the adaptive behaviors. The presence of mothers in all stages of the child's treatment contributed to minimizing the suffering generated by hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The experience of families was characterized by ambivalent feelings such as fear of death, guilt and helplessness against the different stages of treatment. The anguish and anxiety prevailed in the face of unknown situations when information were required before therapeutic procedures, hospital routines and the actual life situation of the families.

Síndrome metabólica e menopausa: estudo transversal em ambulatório de ginecologia / Metabolic syndrome and menopause: cross-sectional study in gynecology clinic / Síndrome metabólico y menopausia: estudio transversal en ambulatorio de ginecología

FUNDAMENTO: No Brasil, são escassos os estudos sobre síndrome metabólica na população geral, mais raros são os que a correlacionam ao climatério. OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência da síndrome metabólica e seus componentes em mulheres climatéricas. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com 323 mulheres climatéricas, divididas em dois grupos: pré e pós-menopausadas. Foram avaliadas para presença de síndrome metabólica, segundo os critérios do National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP) e da International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Foi verificada a associação entre as variáveis estudadas e a síndrome metabólica por meio de análise uni e multivariada. Um p-valor < 0,05 foi considerado significante estatisticamente. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica no climatério foi de 34,7 por cento (NCEP) e de 49,8 por cento (IDF). Os componentes mais frequentes da síndrome metabólica foram o HDL-colesterol baixo, hipertensão arterial, obesidade abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia e diabete em ambos os critérios. A análise multivariada mostrou que a idade foi o fator de risco mais importante para o surgimento da síndrome metabólica (p < 0,001), que esteve presente em 44,4 por cento (NCEP) e 61,5 por cento (IDF) das mulheres menopausadas em comparação a 24 por cento (NCEP) e 37 por cento (IDF) daquelas na pré-menopausa. CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência de síndrome metabólica foi maior nas mulheres menopausadas que naquelas na pré-menopausa. O principal fator de risco para o aumento dessa prevalência foi a idade. A menopausa, quando analisada isoladamente, não se constituiu um fator de risco para a síndrome metabólica.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, there are few studies of the metabolic syndrome in the general population, and even fewer studies that establish a correlation between metabolic syndrome and climacteric. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among climacteric women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 323 climacteric women, divided into two groups: pre and post-menopausal. They were examined for the presence of metabolic syndrome, according to the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). It was possible to notice the association between the variables under study and the metabolic syndrome by conducting a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome during the climacteric was 34.7 percent (NCEP) and 49.8 percent (IDF). The most frequent components of the metabolic syndrome were low HDL-cholesterol, hypertension, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes in both criteria. The multivariate analysis showed that age was the most important risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), which was present in 44.4 percent (NCEP) and 61.5 percent (IDF) of postmenopausal women compared to 24 percent (NCEP) and 37 percent (IDF) of premenopausal women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. The main risk factor for the increase in this prevalence was age. Menopause, when it is analyzed alone, did not constitute a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

FUNDAMENTO: En Brasil, son raros los estudios sobre síndrome metabólico en la población general, más raros son los que la correlacionan al climaterio. OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome metabólico y sus componentes en mujeres climatéricas. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con 323 mujeres climatéricas, divididas en dos grupos: pre y posmenopáusicas. Se evaluaron para presencia de síndrome metabólico, según los criterios del NCEP y de la IDF. Se verificó la asociación entre las variables estudiadas y el síndrome metabólico por medio de análisis uni e multivariado. Un p-valor < 0.05 fue considerado significante estadísticamente. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico en el climaterio fue de un 34,7 por ciento (NCEP) y de un 49,8 por ciento (IDF). Los componentes más frecuentes del síndrome metabólico fueron el HDL-colesterol bajo, hipertensión arterial, obesidad abdominal, hipertrigliceridemia y diabetes en ambos criterios. El análisis multivariado evidenció que la edad fue el factor de riesgo más importante para el surgimiento del síndrome metabólico (p<0.001), que estuvo presente en un 44,4 por ciento (NCEP) y un 61,5 por ciento (IDF) de las mujeres menopáusicas en comparación a 24 por ciento (NCEP) y el 37 por ciento (IDF) de aquellas en la premenopausia. CONCLUSIÓN: La prevalencia de síndrome metabólico fue mayor en las mujeres menopáusicas que en aquellas en la premenopausia. El principal factor de riesgo para el aumento de esta prevalencia fue la edad. La menopausia, cuando analizada aisladamente, no se constituyó un factor de riesgo para el síndrome metabólico.

Metabolic syndrome and menopause: cross-sectional study in gynecology clinic.

BACKGROUND: In Brazil, there are few studies of the metabolic syndrome in the general population, and even fewer studies that establish a correlation between metabolic syndrome and climacteric. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components among climacteric women. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with 323 climacteric women, divided into two groups: pre and post-menopausal. They were examined for the presence of metabolic syndrome, according to the criteria of National Cholesterol Education Program's (NCEP) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). It was possible to notice the association between the variables under study and the metabolic syndrome by conducting a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome during the climacteric was 34.7% (NCEP) and 49.8% (IDF). The most frequent components of the metabolic syndrome were low HDL-cholesterol, hypertension, abdominal obesity, hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes in both criteria. The multivariate analysis showed that age was the most important risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome (p < 0.001), which was present in 44.4% (NCEP) and 61.5% (IDF) of postmenopausal women compared to 24% (NCEP) and 37% (IDF) of premenopausal women. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was higher in postmenopausal women than in premenopausal women. The main risk factor for the increase in this prevalence was age. Menopause, when it is analyzed alone, did not constitute a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.

Prevalência do pé diabético nos pacientes atendidos na emergência de um hospital público terciário de Fortaleza / Prevalence of diabetic foot in patients treated in the rise of a public hospital tertiary of Fortaleza

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O diabetes mellitus é um importante problema de saúde pública, tanto pela sua alta prevalência, quanto pela suas complicações, entre elas o pé diabético que é causa frequente de amputações e acarreta comprometimento na produtividade e qualidade de vida dos pacientes. O objetivo deste estudo foi determinar a prevalência de pé diabético em um hospital terciário e descrever os fatores de risco associados, as complicações e a classificação das lesões segundo "Wagner". MÉTODO: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, descritivo, realizado no período de julho a setembro de 2008, no Setor de Emergência do Hospital Geral de Fortaleza, por meio da análise de prontuários dos pacientes atendidos com diagnóstico clínico de "pé diabético". RESULTADOS: Foram analisados 67 de 1631 prontuários de pacientes com diagnóstico de pé diabético, dos quais 47,8% eram do sexo masculino e 52,2% do sexo feminino, com idade média de 65,7 anos, sendo 58,2% provenientes de Fortaleza. Em relação aos fatores de risco, os mais encontrados foram hipertensão (91,1%) e tabagismo (46,4%). Quanto às complicações mais associadas, identificou-se doença arterial periférica (83,7%) e doença cerebrovascular (48,8%). O grau de lesão mais frequente foi 4 (56,7%), seguido de 5 (29,8%). O tratamento predominante foi o cirúrgico (97%). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do pé diabético foi de 4,1%, sendo mais comum no sexo feminino, com idade média de 66 anos e procedentes de Fortaleza. A hipertensão arterial foi o fator de risco mais frequente e a doença arterial periférica a complicação mais encontrada nessa população. As lesões de grau 4 predominavam nos pacientes portadores de pé diabético.(AU)

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Diabetes mellitus is an important public health problem, both for its high prevalence and complications, including diabetic foot which is a frequent cause of amputations and causes severe impairment in productivity and quality of life of patients. The objective this study was identify the patients that are "diabetic foot" carriers in a high complexity hospital and describe the factors of associated risks, epidemiological factors and the classification of the existent lesions, according to "Wagner". METHOD: A cross-sectional study, retrospective, descriptive, from July to September 2008, at the Emergency of the General Hospital of Fortaleza, by the analysis of medical records of patients presenting clinical diagnosis of diabetic foot. RESULTS: 67 patients were analyzed, of which 47.8% were in the male gender and 52.2% in the female gender, with median age 65.7; of which 58.2% came or were from Fortaleza. Concerning the risk factors, the biggest were the hypertension (91.1%) and the tobacco (46.4%). Concerning the associated complications, there was the peripheral arterial disease (83.7%) and the vascular brain disease (48.8%). The most frequent degree was 4 (56.7%), followed by 5 (29.8%). The treatment that prevailed was surgical (97%). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of diabetic foot was 4.1%, more common in females, mean age 66 years and coming from Fortaleza. The most common risk factor was hypertension. Peripheral arterial disease was the most common complication. Finally, according to Wagner's classification, the most prevalent degree of injury was grade 4.(AU)

Prevalence and risk factors for acute renal failure in the postoperative of coronary artery bypass grafting.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and the clinical outcome of patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting who progressed with Acute Renal Failure (ARF). METHODS: A retrospective cohort prospective study was performed from data of 186 patients undergone surgery from January 2003 through June 2006. The stored data were analyzed using the software STATA 9.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of ARF was of 30.6% (57/186). In 7.0% (4/57) dialysis therapy was needed. The mean age of patients with and without ARF progression was 62.8 (+/-9.4) years and 61.3 (+/-8.8) years respectively (P=NS). CPB time >115 min (p= 0.011) and cross-clamp time >85 min (p=0.044) were related to ARF by the univariate analysis. The need for intra-aortic balloon (P= 0.049), mechanical ventilation >24h (P = 0.006), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay > three days (P< 0.0001), bradycardia (P= 0.002), hypotension (P= 0.045), arrhythmia (P=0.005) and inotropic infusion (P= 0.0001) were higher in the ARF group. Only the ICU stay longer > 3 days showed statistical correlation with ARF by the multivariate analysis (P=0.018). The mortality rate with and without ARF was 8.8% (five cases) and 0.8% (one case) respectively (P=0.016), but it reached 50% (2/4) in dialytic patients. CONCLUSION: ARF was a frequent and severe postoperative complication associated with higher mortality and longer ICU stay, which presented as risk factors: longer CPB and cross-clamp times, mechanical ventilation > 24h and hemodynamic instability.

Prevalência e fatores de risco para insuficiência renal aguda no pós-operatório de revascularização do miocárdio / Prevalence and risk factors for acute renal failure in the postoperative of coronary artery bypass grafting

OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência, fatores predisponentes e o desfecho clínico dos pacientes submetidos a cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio que apresentaram insuficiência renal aguda (IRA). MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo coorte prospectivo, a partir dos prontuários de 186 indivíduos submetidos a cirurgia, no período de janeiro de 2003 a junho de 2006. As informações foram inseridas em um banco de dados e analisadas pelo software STATA 9.0. RESULTADOS: Aprevalência de IRA foi 30,6 por cento (57/186), sendo que 7 por cento (4/57) necessitaram de diálise. A idade média dos pacientes que evoluíram com IRA e sem IRA foi 62,8 ± 9,4 anos e de 61,3 ± 8,8 anos, respectivamente (P=NS). Na análise univariada, estiveram relacionados com IRA: tempo de CEC > 115 min (P=0,011) e tempo de pinçamento da aorta > 85 min (P=0,044). No pós-operatório, a necessidade de balão intra-aórtico (P=0,049), tempo de ventilação mecânica > 24h (P=0,006), permanência da UTI > três dias (P<0,0001), bradicardia (P=0,002), hipotensão (P=0,045), arritmia (P=0,005) e uso de inotrópicos (P= 0,0001) foram superiores no grupo com IRA. Na análise multivariada, apenas tempo de internação na UTI > três dias apresentou correlação com IRA (P = 0,018). A taxa de mortalidade nos pacientes com e sem IRA foi 8,8 por cento (cinco casos) e 0,8 por cento (um caso), respectivamente (P=0,016), atingindo 50 por cento (2/4) entre os que necessitaram de diálise. CONCLUSÃO: A IRA foi uma complicação pós-operatória frequente e grave associada à maior mortalidade e permanência na UTI, cujos fatores de risco observados foram: tempo prolongado de CEC e anoxia, ventilação mecânica > 24h e instabilidade hemodinâmica

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence, risk factors, and the clinical outcome of patients undergone coronary artery bypass grafting who progressed with Acute Renal Failure (ARF). METHODS: A retrospective cohort prospective study was performed from data of 186 patients undergone surgery from January 2003 through June 2006. The stored data were analyzed using the software STATA 9.0. RESULTS: The prevalence of ARF was of 30.6 percent (57/186). In 7.0 percent (4/57) dialysis therapy was needed. The mean age of patients with and without ARF progression was 62.8 (±9.4) years and 61.3 (±8.8) years respectively (P=NS). CPB time >115 min (p= 0.011) and cross-clamp time >85 min (p=0.044) were related to ARF by the univariate analysis. The need for intra-aortic balloon (P= 0.049), mechanical ventilation >24h (P = 0.006), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) stay > three days (P< 0.0001), bradycardia (P= 0.002), hypotension (P= 0.045), arrhythmia (P=0.005) and inotropic infusion (P= 0.0001) were higher in the ARF group. Only the ICU stay longer > 3 days showed statistical correlation with ARF by the multivariate analysis (P=0.018). The mortality rate with and without ARF was 8.8 percent (five cases) and 0.8 percent (one case) respectively (P=0.016), but it reached 50 percent (2/4) in dialytic patients. CONCLUSION: ARF was a frequent and severe postoperative complication associated with higher mortality and longer ICU stay, which presented as risk factors: longer CPB and cross-clamp times, mechanical ventilation > 24h and hemodynamic instability

Reconstrução da parede torácica com suporte metálico externo: técnica alternativa na mediastinite pós-esternotomia / Reconstruction of the chest wall with external metal brace: alternative technique in poststernotomy mediastinitis

OBJETIVO: Demonstrar a experiência com a reconstrução da parede torácica utilizando suporte metálico como redutor da tensão nas linhas de sutura do retalho miocutâneo em casos de mediastinite. MÉTODOS: No período de julho de 2001 a fevereiro de 2006, foram realizadas 1389 cirurgias cardíacas em nossa instituição, das quais oito (0,6 por cento) evoluíram com mediastinite. Sete pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 56,7 anos. Os fatores de risco para infecção foram diabetes e obesidade em sete e desnutrição em um caso. Sete pacientes haviam sido submetidos à cirurgia de revascularização do miocárdio e um, à correção de cardiopatia congênita. A reconstrução da parede torácica consistiu na colocação percutânea de fios de Kirschner paralelos às bordas da ferida para ancoramento das suturas do plano muscular, reduzindo a tensão nos bordos livres da ferida, de modo a permitir a sutura convencional do tecido subcutâneo e pele. RESULTADOS: Ocorreu um óbito no pós-operatório imediato por arritmia e um tardio por sepse. Os demais pacientes apresentaram evolução pós-operatória satisfatória, com boa cicatrização da ferida após a remoção das hastes metálicas, no 21º dia de pós-operatório e no seguimento de 6 a 54 meses. CONCLUSÃO: Neste grupo de pacientes, a reconstrução da parede torácica com a utilização temporária de hastes metálicas mostrou-se um procedimento seguro, eficaz e com bom resultado estético e funcional.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the experience with the reconstruction of the chest wall utilizing metal brace to reduce the tension in the suture lines of myocutaneous flap in cases of mediastinitis. METHODS: From July 2001 to February 2006, 1389 heart surgeries were performed in our institution of which eight (0.6 percent) developed mediastinitis. Seven were male and the mean age was 56.7 years. The risk factors for infection were diabetes and obesity in seven and malnutrition in one case. Seven patients had been undergone CABG and one repair of a congenital heart disease. The chest wall reconstruction consisted of percutaneous insertion of Kirshner wires parallel to the edges of the wound for anchoring of sutures to the muscular plane in order to allow the reduction of tension in the free edges of the wound and subsequent closure of the subcutaneous tissue and skin. RESULTS: There was one death in the immediate postoperative due to arrhythmia and one late death secondary to sepsis. The remaining patients presented satisfactory postoperative course with good healing of the wound after the removal of the metal braces on the 21th postoperative day and in the follow-up of 6 to 54 months. CONCLUSION: The reconstruction of the chest wall utilizing temporary metal braces showed to be a safe and effective procedure with good aesthetic and functional outcomes in this group of patients.

Reconstruction of the chest wall with external metal brace: alternative technique in poststernotomy mediastinitis.

OBJECTIVE: To demonstrate the experience with the reconstruction of the chest wall utilizing metal brace to reduce the tension in the suture lines of myocutaneous flap in cases of mediastinitis. METHODS: From July 2001 to February 2006, 1389 heart surgeries were performed in our institution of which eight (0.6%) developed mediastinitis. Seven were male and the mean age was 56.7 years. The risk factors for infection were diabetes and obesity in seven and malnutrition in one case. Seven patients had been undergone CABG and one repair of a congenital heart disease. The chest wall reconstruction consisted of percutaneous insertion of Kirshner wires parallel to the edges of the wound for anchoring of sutures to the muscular plane in order to allow the reduction of tension in the free edges of the wound and subsequent closure of the subcutaneous tissue and skin. RESULTS: There was one death in the immediate postoperative due to arrhythmia and one late death secondary to sepsis. The remaining patients presented satisfactory postoperative course with good healing of the wound after the removal of the metal braces on the 21st postoperative day and in the follow-up of 6 to 54 months. CONCLUSION: The reconstruction of the chest wall utilizing temporary metal braces showed to be a safe and effective procedure with good aesthetic and functional outcomes in this group of patients.

O escore de risco ajustado para cirurgia em cardiopatias congênitas (RACHS-1) pode ser aplicado em nosso meio? / Is the RACHS-1 (risk adjustment in congenital heart surgery) a useful tool in our scenario?

OBJETIVO: Avaliar a aplicabilidade do escore de risco ajustado para cirurgia de cardiopatias congênitas (RACHS1) como preditor de mortalidade em uma população pediátrica de um hospital público da região Nordeste do Brasil. MÉTODOS: No período de junho de 2001 a junho de 2004, 145 pacientes foram submetidos à correção de cardiopatia congênita em nossa instituição, dos quais 62 por cento eram do sexo feminino, a idade média era 5,1 anos. Foi utilizado o escore de RACHS-1 para classificar os procedimentos cirúrgicos em categorias de risco de 1 a 6, e a análise de regressão logística para identificar os fatores de risco associados à mortalidade. RESULTADOS: A idade, tipo de cardiopatia, fluxo pulmonar, tipo de cirurgia, tempo de circulação extracorpórea (CEC) e tempo de anóxia foram identificados como fatores de risco para mortalidade (p< 0,001). Houve correlação linear entre as categorias de risco do RACHS-1 e a taxa de mortalidade, entretanto, a mortalidade observada foi maior que a esperada por aquele sistema de escore. CONCLUSÕES: A despeito da facilidade de aplicação do RACHS-1, ele não pode ser aplicado em nosso meio por não contemplar outras variáveis presentes em nossa realidade que podem interferir no resultado cirúrgico.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the RACHS-1 (Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery) as a predictor of surgical mortality in a pediatric population of a public hospital of the Northeast of Brazil. METHODS: From June 2001 through June 2004, 145 patients undergone surgical treatment of CHD in our institution of whom 62 percent were female, and the mean age was 5.1 years. The RACHS-1 was used to classify the surgical procedures into categories of risk 1 to 6, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors related to surgical death. RESULTS: Age, type of CHD, pulmonary flow, surgical procedure, pump time and cross clamp time were identified as a risk factor for postoperative mortality (p<0.001). There was a linear correlation between the categories of the RACHS-1 and the mortality rate; however, the observed mortality was greater than the predicted figures by that scoring system. CONCLUSION: Although the RACHS-1 is easily applicable, it can not be applicable in our scenario because it takes into account only the surgical procedure as a categorized variable, not considering others factors presented in our scenario that could interfere in the final surgical result.

Surgical removal of a posttraumatic intracardiac foreign body in a child.

The authors report the successful surgical removal of a foreign body (7 x 1 cm wooden stick) from the right atrial of a 8 year-old child 77 days after a transfixing chest trauma caused by falling over a fence. The clinical presentation was infective endocarditis confirmed by the presence of an intraatrial mass at echocardiography. The postoperative course was uneventful. At 6 months follow-up, the patient is in Function Class I (NYHA) and in complete remission of infection.

Remoção cirúrgica pós-traumática de corpo estranho intracardíaco em criança / Surgical removal of a posttraumatic intracardiac foreign body in a child

Os autores relatam a remoção cirúrgica tardia (77 dias), com sucesso, de um corpo estranho intra-atrial direito (pedaço de madeira de 7x1 cm) após trauma torácico transfixante em uma criança de 8 anos de idade, com história de queda sobre uma cerca. A apresentação clínica era de endocardite infecciosa confirmada pela presença de massa intracardíaca no ecocardiograma. A evolução pós-operatória tem sido satisfatória. O paciente encontra-se em classe funcional I (NYHA) e em completa remissão do quadro infeccioso no seguimento de 6 meses.

The authors report the successful surgical removal of a foreign body (7 x 1 cm wooden stick) from the right atrial of a 8 year-old child 77 days after a transfixing chest trauma caused by falling over a fence. The clinical presentation was infective endocarditis confirmed by the presence of an intraatrial mass at echocardiography. The postoperative course was uneventful. At 6 months follow-up, the patient is in Function Class I (NYHA) and in complete remission of infection.

Is the RACHS-1 (risk adjustment in congenital heart surgery) a useful tool in our scenario?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the RACHS-1 (Risk Adjustment in Congenital Heart Surgery) as a predictor of surgical mortality in a pediatric population of a public hospital of the Northeast of Brazil. METHODS: From June 2001 through June 2004, 145 patients undergone surgical treatment of CHD in our institution of whom 62% were female, and the mean age was 5.1 years. The RACHS-1 was used to classify the surgical procedures into categories of risk 1 to 6, and logistic regression analysis was used to identify the risk factors related to surgical death. RESULTS: Age, type of CHD, pulmonary flow, surgical procedure, pump time and cross clamp time were identified as a risk factor for postoperative mortality (p<0.001). There was a linear correlation between the categories of the RACHS-1 and the mortality rate; however, the observed mortality was greater than the predicted figures by that scoring system. CONCLUSION: Although the RACHS-1 is easily applicable, it can not be applicable in our scenario because it takes into account only the surgical procedure as a categorized variable, not considering others factors presented in our scenario that could interfere in the final surgical result.