A systematic review and meta-analysis of the metal nano-particles loaded with herbal drugs moieties against breast cancer.

Background - Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer among women. About 685K deaths were globally listed in 2020 by the World Health Organization. Nowadays, scientists prefer to use herbal medicines due to their low toxicity. Herbal medicines are used to overcome the toxicity effects of surgical removal, radio-chemo therapy and medication, which have a lot of risk of damaging the healthy tissues. To overcome this, enhance bioavailability and target specify, nano-formulation chemotherapy was introduced using herbal moiety for anticancer activity. The use of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs), particularly those made of silver, cobalt, zinc, and gold as contrast, antibacterial, anticancer, and drug delivery agents has revolutionised the medicinal field. Although MNPs can be made via exacting physical and chemical processes, a biological method utilising natural materials has been established recently. Objective - This review article will offer a succinct explanation of the use of MNPs and its potential impact on herbal medicines in the future. Methods - Using PRISMA principles, this review systematically examines studies that concentrate on metal nanoparticles loaded with herbal compounds for the treatment of breast cancer. Various Databases were studied: PubMed, Elsevier, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, ACS Publications, Publishing Royal Society of Chemistry, and Future Medicines. Studies were selected if they were peer-reviewed primary studies published in the past 10 years. Results - We found that many herbal nano-formulations are more effective in breast cancer treatment than other types of formulations. Efficacy, safety and drug stability are also enhanced using nano-formulations. Conclusion - Nano-formulation is found to be more effective in the treatment of breast cancer.

A Concise Review of Common Plant-derived Compounds as a Potential Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease: Insight into Structure-Activity-Relationship.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD) are the two most common neurological illnesses that affect people in their later years. Memory loss is the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, while dyskinesia, or loss of mobility, is associated with muscle rigidity and tremors in PD. Both diseases are unrelated, however, they do have a few similarities associated with extrapyramidal abnormalities, particularly stiffness, which has been linked to concomitant PD in many AD patients. Increased levels of IL-1, IL-6, and TNF in the AD and PD patients can be regarded as evidence of systemic inflammation associated with each of these neurodegenerative disorders. One of the primary variables in the progression of neurodegenerative disorders is oxidative stress. Many medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites have been claimed to be able to help people with neurodegenerative disorders like AD and PD. Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, monoamine oxidase inhibition, acetylcholinesterase, and neurotrophic pursuits are among the major mechanisms identified by which phytochemicals exert their neuroprotective effects and potential maintenance of neurological health in old age. In regard to neurodegenerative disorders, numerable plant-based drugs like alkaloids, iridoids, terpenes, and flavones are employed for the treatment. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) and quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) are used to investigate the link between bioactivity and the chemical configuration of substances. The SAR and QSAR of natural plant components employed in AD and PD are discussed in the current review.

In vitro characterization of tofacitinib loaded novel nanoemulgel for topical delivery for the management of rheumatic arthritis.

The purpose of the current study is to prepare the tofacitinib (TFB) nanoemulgel (NEG) for topical administration with optimized particle size, high loading efficiency, and better penetration through the skin for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis. The topical delivery of this drug avoids the hazards associated with oral delivery like upper respiratory tract infections and neutropenia. The formulations were prepared using the high-energy ultrasonication method. Oleic acid, tween 80, and propylene glycol were used to prepare TFB nanoemulsion (NE) which is then homogenized with carbopol-934 hydrogel to get the NEG loaded with TFB. The concentration of independent variables such as X1 (oil phase), X2 (surfactant), and X3 (cosurfactant) was optimized using the Box-Behnken design to check its impact on dependent variables such as Y1 (particle size) and Y2 (loading efficiency) of the NE. The minimum particle size of 106.3 ± 2.8 nm and maximum loading efficiency of 19.3 ± 1.8% were obtained for NE. The NEGs were evaluated for different organoleptic and physicochemical stability which were found within the normal range. The in vitro release studies showed 89.64 ± 0.97% cumulative release of TFB from NEG over the period of 24 h. The drug release data were fitted in different kinetic models and it followed Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas model clearly showing the non-Fickian drug release from matrix system. As a result, the TFB NEG that have been produced could be a viable delivery mechanism for topical route.

Utilization of kinase inhibitors as novel therapeutic drug targets: A review.

Kinase inhibitors are a significant and continuously developing division of target therapeutics. The drug discovery and improvement efforts have examined numerous attempts to target the signaling pathway of kinases. The Kinase inhibitors have been heralded as a game-changer in cancer treatment. For developing kinase inhibitors as a treatment for various non-malignant disorders like auto-immune diseases, is currently undergoing extensive research. It may be beneficial to investigate whether cell-specific kinase inhibitor administration enhances therapeutic efficacy and decreases adverse effects. The goal of the current review is to gain insight into the role of kinase inhibitors in facilitating effective target drug delivery for the treatment of various anti-inflammatory, auto-immune, and anticancer disorders. The aim of this review is also to shed light on drug discovery approaches for kinase inhibitors, their mode of action, and delivery approaches. The variation in the binding of kinases bestows different target approaches in drug design, which can be employed for designing the targeted molecules. Several target sites have been studied, exceeding the design of drugs for various diseases like cancer, Alzheimer's, rheumatoid arthritis, etc. Diverse delivery approaches have also been studied for the targeted application of kinase inhibitors.

Abuse-Deterrent Formulations in Constraining the Abuse Potential of Prescription Medicines: A Myth or Truth.

BACKGROUND: Diverse pain killers used for the management of varied categories of pain are being misused in order to have extreme pleasant effects by a large number of populations. To overcome the misuse of prescription drugs, regulatory bodies have given stress on the development of abuse resistance. METHODS: We studied numerous literatures: (1) Research and review papers including the guidelines for pain management, abuse, and abuse deterrence; (2) Description and categorization of pain along with the management approaches; (3) Advantages and disadvantages of the abuse-deterrent formulations. RESULTS: Abuse-deterrent formulations are the contemporary remedial treatment for pain with reduced prospects of being abused. But these comprise huge expense in contrast to the generic drugs as well as the non-deterrent branded equivalents. CONCLUSION: Many challenges are faced throughout the development of abuse-deterrent formulations. These formulations displayed a substantial drop in abuse incidences but it may lead to other modes of abuse, which may prove more harmful for the users.