An Evidence-Based Review of Application Devices for Nitric Oxide Concentration Determination from Exhaled Air in the Diagnosis of Inflammation and Treatment Monitoring.

The measurement of nitric oxide (NO) in exhaled air is used in diagnostics and monitoring the pathologies not only in the respiratory system but also in the oral cavity. It has shown a huge increase in its level in asthma and diseases of the oral cavity. It seems reasonable to undertake research on the impact of inflammation on the level of NO in exhaled air. The aim of the study is to make an evidence-based review of the application of NO levels in exhaled air in the diagnosis of inflammation and treatment monitoring on the basis of selected measuring devices. METHODS AND RESULTS: This paper presents an example of the application of NO measurement in exhaled air in individual human systems. Selected measuring devices, their non-invasiveness, and their advantages are described. DISCUSSION: The usefulness of this diagnostic method in pathologies of the oral cavity was noted. CONCLUSIONS: Measuring the level of NO in exhaled air seems to be a useful diagnostic method.

The Problem of Halitosis in Prosthetic Dentistry, and New Approaches to Its Treatment: A Literature Review.

The aim of this work is a review of recent scientific literature about intra-oral halitosis among patients using dentures. Halitosis is a condition in which an unpleasant smell comes out of the oral cavity, which is caused mainly by volatile sulfur and non-sulfured compounds. The etiology of halitosis may be intra- or extra-oral; in most patients, however, it is due to the activity of microorganisms in the oral cavity. The problem of the occurrence of intra-oral halitosis has accompanied patients for many years. In dental prosthetics, the problem of halitosis occurs in patients using removable or fixed dentures. In both cases, new niches for the development of microorganisms may be created, including those related to intra-oral halitosis. It should be noted that dentures-both fixed and removable-are a foreign body placed in the patient's oral cavity which, in case of insufficient hygiene, may constitute a reservoir of microorganisms, causing this unpleasant condition. Conventional treatment of intraoral halitosis reduces microbial activity via chemical and/or mechanical action. Currently, the search for new strategies in the treatment of halitosis is in progress. One idea is to use photodynamic therapy, while another is to modify poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with silver and graphene nanoparticles. Additionally, attempts have been made to combine those two methods. Another unconventional method of treating halitosis is the use of probiotics.

Analysis of Changes in the Tensile Bond Strenght of Soft Relining Material with Acrylic Denture Material.

Abrasions and pressure ulcers on the oral mucosa are most often caused by excessive pressure or incorrect fitting of the denture. The use of soft relining materials can eliminate pain sensations and improve patient comfort. The main functional feature of soft elastomeric materials is the ability to discharge loads from the tissues of the mucosa. (1) Background: The aim of the work was a comparative laboratory study of ten materials used for the soft lining of acrylic dentures. (2) Methods: There were materials based on acrylates (Vertex Soft, Villacryl Soft, Flexacryl Soft) and silicones (Sofreliner Tough Medium, Sofreliner Tough Medium, Ufi Gel SC, GC Reline Soft, Elite Soft Relining, Molloplast). Laboratory tests include the analysis of the tensile bond strength between the relining material and the acrylic plate of the prosthesis. The tests were conducted taking into account 90-day term aging in the distilled water environment based on the methodology presented in the European Standard ISO 10139-2. (3) Results: After three months of observation, the highest strength of the joint was characterized by Flexacryl Soft acrylic, for which the average value was 2.5 MPa. The lowest average value of 0.89 MPa was recorded for the GC Reline Soft silicone material. Over time, an increase in the value of the strength of the combination of acrylic materials and a decrease in these values in the case of silicone materials was observed. (4) Conclusion: Each of the tested silicone materials showed all three types of damage, from adhesive to mixed to cohesive. All acrylic-based materials showed an adhesive type of failure. Time did not affect the type of destruction.