Catatonia in older adults: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Catatonia is a complex psychomotor syndrome that often goes unrecognized and untreated, even though its classification has evolved in recent years. Prompt and correct identification of catatonia allows for highly effective treatment and prevention of possible complications. The underrecognition of catatonia in older patients is also frequent, and research in this population is scarce. AIM: To conduct a systematic review of the literature on catatonia in older people to ascertain its clinical characteristics across settings. METHODS: Following the PRISMA guidelines, MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO databases were searched from inception to December 2021, with a strategy aimed at identifying all articles published on catatonia in older adults. Titles and abstracts were scanned and selected independently by two authors. Papers investigating issues related to catatonia and/or catatonic symptoms in older people, with English abstracts available, were included. References of selected articles were revised to identify other relevant studies. RESULTS: In total, 1355 articles were retrieved. After removing duplicates, 879 remained. Of the 879 identified abstracts, 669 were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. A total of 210 articles underwent full text review, and 51 were eliminated for various reasons. Fourteen more articles were selected from the references. Overall, 173 articles were reviewed: 108 case reports, 35 case series, 11 prospective cohort studies, 6 case-control studies, 3 retrospective cohort studies and 10 reviews. We found several particular aspects of catatonia in this population. Catatonia in older patients is highly prevalent and tends to have a multifactorial etiology. Older patients, compared to younger patients, have a higher risk of developing catatonia with benzodiazepine (BZD) withdrawal, in bipolar disorder, and in the general hospital. Age, together with other risk factors, was significantly associated with the incidence of deep venous thrombosis, neuroleptic malignant syndrome poor outcome, other complications and mortality. Treatment with BZDs and electroconvulsive therapy is safe and effective. Prompt treatment of its cause is essential to ensure a good prognosis. CONCLUSION: Catatonia in older patients is highly prevalent and tends to have a multifactorial etiology. The risk of developing catatonia in some settings and conditions, as well as of developing complications, is high in this population. Symptomatic treatment is safe and effective, and timely etiologic treatment is fundamental.

Depression and depressive symptoms in patients with polymyalgia rheumatica: discussion points, grey areas and unmet needs emerging from a systematic review of published literature.

OBJECTIVES: In 1979, Bird et al. proposed depression as a diagnostic criterion for polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR). More recently, the significance of depression in PMR patients has been re-proposed, , and some researchers have suggested that PMR may increase the risk of depression. The aim of our article is to evaluate the relationship between PMR and depression. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Systematic literature searches were performed on 19th and 20th May 2020 based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The search was restricted to all studies and case reports with English abstract, published in any language, since 1979 (when depression was first proposed as a diagnostic criterion for PMR) describing the association of PMR with depression. Exclusion criteria were as follows: reviews, conference abstracts, comments, non-original articles; and articles discussing giant cell arteritis (GCA) and PMR when data and observations for the two conditions were not clearly subdivided. RESULTS: The initial search yielded 812 papers, of which 115 duplicates were removed. A total of 697 articles had a first screening and 506 were excluded based on title and abstract reviews; 117 articles underwent full-length scrutiny, and 99 full-text articles were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria (reviews and comments = 58; articles with outcome of interest not reported = 34; low-quality articles = 7). At least, 18 articles were included in this review. CONCLUSIONS: The review did not find any studies that clarified the prevalence rates of depression in patients with PMR. Furthermore, the studies reviewed did not offer any clarity as to whether patients suffered from just depressive symptoms or clinical depression, and that accepted diagnostic criteria for depression had not been employed, indicating that a robust method for diagnosing depression had not been employed. Collaboration of different professionals should be improved through shared guidelines.

Uso de fuentes de información en médicos recién graduados de Lima / Use of information sources by recently graduated physicians of Lima

Con el objetivo de determinar el uso de fuentes de información en médicos recién graduados, de Lima, en abril del 2011, se realizó una encuesta a egresados de siete universidades, en quienes se indagó acerca del uso de buscadores del área de salud durante su año del internado médico; se definió como uso regular si manifestaban que usaron la fuente una vez por semana o a diario. En 490 encuestados las fuentes de información usadas regularmente fueron: SciELO, consultada por 173 (36,4%); PubMed 165 (34,4%); HINARI 117 (25,5%); UpToDate 98 (22,3%); Biblioteca Cochrane 94 (20,6%); LILACS 91(19,8%); biblioteca institucional hospitalaria 70 (15,0%); BVS Perú 42 (9,3%) y LIPECS 39 (8,7%). Solo una minoría accedió regularmente a fuentes de información relacionadas con salud. Es necesaria mayor capacitación en el uso eficiente de los diversos recursos de información científica, de modo continuo y que llegue a los estudiantes y profesionales de la salud.

In order to determine the use of information sources by recently graduated physicians of Lima, Peru in 2011, a survey was conducted among graduated physicians at seven universities. They were asked about the use of search engines in the health area during their year of medical internship [last year of medical school]. Regular use was defined as the source being used once a week or daily. For 490 respondents, regularly used information sources were SciELO, accessed by 173 (36.4%); PubMed 165 (34.4%); HINARI 117 (25.5%); UpToDate 98 (22.3%); Cochrane Library 94 (20.6%); LILACS 91 (19.8%); a hospital institutional library 70 (15.0%); LIPECS 39 (8.7%); and Peru BVS 42 (9.3%). Only a minority regularly accessed information sources related to health. It is necessary to improve capacity in the efficient use of various resources of scientific information in a continuous way and that reaches students and health professionals.

[Use of information sources by recently graduated physicians of Lima]. / Uso de fuentes de información en médicos recién graduados de Lima.

In order to determine the use of information sources by recently graduated physicians of Lima, Peru in 2011, a survey was conducted among graduated physicians at seven universities. They were asked about the use of search engines in the health area during their year of medical internship [last year of medical school]. Regular use was defined as the source being used once a week or daily. For 490 respondents, regularly used information sources were SciELO, accessed by 173 (36.4%); PubMed 165 (34.4%); HINARI 117 (25.5%); UpToDate 98 (22.3%); Cochrane Library 94 (20.6%); LILACS 91 (19.8%); a hospital institutional library 70 (15.0%); LIPECS 39 (8.7%); and Peru BVS 42 (9.3%). Only a minority regularly accessed information sources related to health. It is necessary to improve capacity in the efficient use of various resources of scientific information in a continuous way and that reaches students and health professionals.

Publicación de los trabajos presentados a los congresos científicos de estudiantes de medicina, Perú 2002-2009: características y factores asociados. / Publication of summaries presented at the scientific congresses of medical students, Peru 2002-2009: characteristics and related factors.

Objetivos. Determinar la proporción de publicación de los resúmenes presentados a los congresos científicos nacionales de estudiantes de medicina de Perú entre los años 2002 y 2009 y sus factores asociados. Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una cohorte retrospectiva, se evaluó las características de todos los resúmenes presentados y se determinó si habían sido publicados en revistas científicas utilizando una estrategia de búsqueda validada con Google Académico. Se calculó los riesgos relativos (RR), crudos y ajustados mediante la regresión de Poisson con varianza robusta para evaluar asociación con los factores analizados. Resultados. Se analizó 532 resúmenes; 52 (9,8%) fueron publicados en revistas científicas luego de su participación en el congreso; en todos los casos fue en revistas peruanas y en español. La principal revista donde se publicaron fue (CIMEL) (13/52). La mediana del tiempo de publicación fue de 13 meses (rango: 0-75). El que un alumno de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (RR: 5,18; IC95%:2,3-11,6) sea autor del resumen y que el resumen sea de autoría colaborativa entre alumnos de dos universidades (RR: 3,64; IC95%:1,1-11,7) son factores asociados en el análisis multivariado. Conclusiones. La proporción de publicación de resúmenes presentados a los congresos científicos nacionales de estudiantes de medicina de Perú es baja. Se deben implementar nuevas medidas y reforzar las existentes para incentivar una mayor publicación de los trabajos presentados.

Objectives. To determine the publication rate of abstracts submitted at the national scientific meetings of medical students in Peru between 2002 and 2009, and associated factors. Materials and methods. A retrospective cohort was performed; the characteristics of overall abstract submitted were assessed. In addition, whether they were published in scientific journals was determined by way of a search strategy validated using Google Scholar. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance to assess association with the analyzed factors. Results. 532 abstracts were analyzed, 52 (9.8%) of which were published in scientific journals after their presentation at a scientific meeting. All of them were published in Peruvian journals written in Spanish. The most important journal in which they were published was Ciencia e Investigación Médica Estudiantil Latinoamericana (CIMEL) (13/52). The median of publication time was 13 months (range: 0-75). The fact that a student from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (RR: 5.18; CI95%:2.3-11.6) is the author of the abstract and that the abstract was collaboratively written by students from two universities (RR: 3.64; CI95%:1.1-11.7) are associated factors in the multivariate analysis. Conclusions. The publication rate of abstract submitted at national scientific meetings of medical students in Peru is low. New strategies should be taken, and the existing ones should be reinforced in order to increase the publication rate of the abstract submitted.

[Publication of summaries presented at the scientific congresses of medical students, Peru 2002-2009: characteristics and related factors]. / Publicación de los trabajos presentados a los congresos científicos de estudiantes de medicina, Perú 2002-2009: características y factores asociados.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the publication rate of abstracts submitted at the national scientific meetings of medical students in Peru between 2002 and 2009, and associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort was performed; the characteristics of overall abstract submitted were assessed. In addition, whether they were published in scientific journals was determined by way of a search strategy validated using Google Scholar. Crude and adjusted relative risks (RR) were calculated using Poisson regression with robust variance to assess association with the analyzed factors. RESULTS: 532 abstracts were analyzed, 52 (9.8%) of which were published in scientific journals after their presentation at a scientific meeting. All of them were published in Peruvian journals written in Spanish. The most important journal in which they were published was Ciencia e Investigación Médica Estudiantil Latinoamericana (CIMEL) (13/52). The median of publication time was 13 months (range: 0-75). The fact that a student from the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (RR: 5.18; CI95%:2.3-11.6) is the author of the abstract and that the abstract was collaboratively written by students from two universities (RR: 3.64; CI95%:1.1-11.7) are associated factors in the multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The publication rate of abstract submitted at national scientific meetings of medical students in Peru is low. New strategies should be taken, and the existing ones should be reinforced in order to increase the publication rate of the abstract submitted.

[Low publication of the papers presented at the Congresses of Gastroenterology Society of Peru 1998-2008]. / Baja publicación de los trabajos presentados a los Congresos de la Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Perú 1998-2008.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of abstracts presented at the Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología (the major Peruvian gastroenterological scientific meeting), that had been published in scientific journals, the date of publication and its associated factors. MATERIALS & METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective and analytic study; the publicationrate of all the abstracts presented in the biennial Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología between 1998 and 2008 was assessed. Google Scholar engine was used. The searching strategy performed included: ("Study location" AND "population studied" AND "main outcome") AND (autor:First OR autor:Second OR autor:Last). Logistic regression was used, considering p<0.05 statistically significant. RESULTS: Publication rate was 8.2% (34/217), statistically significant differences were found among meeting years (p<0.001). There were also differences between study design, objectives (more in analytic studies) and measurement (more in longitudinal studies (p<0.001). 82.4% were published in the Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú. The median time for publication was 10.8±10.4 months; this variable and the meeting year, study type, journal of publication or accordance between the abstract and publication characteristic showed no statistical differences. The mean authors' number was 5.02±2.4; analytic studies have less authors than the descriptive ones (3.6 vs 6.1; p=0.012). CONCLUSION: The Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología presents a low publication rate of the abstracts presented, which can be used as a quality indicator of the abstracts and the reviewing process.

Baja publicación de los trabajos presentados a los congresos de la Sociedad de Gastroenterología del Perú 1998-2008 / Low publication of the papers presented at the congresses of Gastroenterology Society of Peru 1998-2008

OBJETIVOS: Determinar la proporción de trabajos presentados en el Congreso Peruanode Gastroenterología (1998-2008) que fueron publicados en revistas científicas y sus factores asociados. MATERIALES Y MÉTODOS: Se revisó todos los resúmenes presentados al Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología y se evaluó sus características. Luego se buscó si fueron publicados a través de una estrategia de búsqueda usando Google Académico. Se evaluó la asociación entre las características de los resúmenes y su publicación usando regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: Se evaluó 417 resúmenes, la media de autores fue de 4,9 ± 2,6, 17 por ciento fueron reportes de caso. Los estudios retrospectivos fueron más frecuentes (66,3 por ciento) pero disminuyeron con los años (p<0,001) al igual que los descriptivos (79,1 por ciento), solo 2,9 por ciento fueron experimentales y 12,2 por ciento longitudinales. Tuvieron una mediana de 65 personas por estudio. La proporción de publicación fue de 8,2 por ciento (34/417), la mayoría (82,4 por ciento) fue publicado en la Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú y solo uno en inglés, 16/34 tenían al menos un autor diferente al resumen. El tiempo medio de publicación fue de 10,8±10,4 meses. En el análisis multivariado se encontró asociación la publicación de los resúmenes con haber sido presentado en los congresos después del año 2004 (OR: 5,5; IC95 por ciento: 2,2-14,0) y ser analíticos (OR: 3,4; IC95 por ciento: 1,4-8,3). CONCLUSIONES: El Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología tiene una baja proporción de publicación de los resúmenes presentados, lo cual puede ser tomado como indicador de calidad de estos resúmenes y del proceso de revisión. Se deben tomar medidas para estimular la publicación de los trabajos presentados.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the proportion of abstracts presented at the Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología (the major Peruvian gastroenterological scientific meeting), that had been published in scientific journals, the date of publication and its associated factors. MATERIALS & METHODS: Longitudinal retrospective and analytic study; the publication rate of all the abstracts presented in the biennial Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología between 1998 and 2008 was assessed. Google Scholar engine was used. The searching strategy performed included: (ôStudy locationõ AND ôpopulation studiedõ AND ômain outcomeõ) AND (autor:First OR autor:Second OR autor:Last). Logistic regression was used, considering p<0.05 statistically significant. RESULTS: Publication rate was 8.2 percent (34/217), statistically significant differences were found among meeting years (p<0.001). There were also differences between study design, objectives (more in analytic studies) and measurement (more in longitudinal studies) (p<0.001). 82.4 percent were published in the Revista de Gastroenterología del Perú. The median time for publication was 10.8±10.4 months; this variable and the meeting year, study type, journal of publication or accordance between the abstract and publication characteristics showed no statistical differences. The mean authorsÆ number was 5.02±2.4; analytic studies have less authors than the descriptive ones (3.6 vs 6.1; p=0.012) CONCLUSION: The Congreso Peruano de Gastroenterología presents a low publication rate of the abstracts presented, which can be used as a quality indicator of the abstracts and the reviewing process.