Isquemia mesentérica no oclusiva tras revascularización escalonada de troncos viscerales y miembros inferiores / Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia after staged revascularization of visceral trunks and lower extremities

Introducción:la isquemia mesentérica crónica (IMC) es una patología con alta morbimortalidad. La revascularización puede plantearse de forma escalonada con el fin de mejorar el estado nutricional del paciente. La isquemia no oclusiva es un tipo de isquemia mesentérica aguda que con frecuencia se manifiesta en el posoperatorio de una cirugía mayor o como complicación en un paciente crítico.Caso clínico:presentamos el caso de una paciente con IMC e isquemia crítica de miembros inferiores por enfermedad obstructiva aortoiliaca en el que se planteó una revascularización en dos tiempos. La paciente tuvo un posoperatorio tórpido como consecuencia de una isquemia mesentérica no oclusiva con desenlace fatal.Discusión:la isquemia mesentérica no oclusiva es un tipo de isquemia mesentérica aguda que puede manifestarse con dos tipos de patrones: bien en el contexto de una hipoperfusión sistémica, o bien en el de una hipoperfusión intestinal tras un evento precipitante como una intervención quirúrgica. El diagnóstico y tratamiento precoces son imprescindibles para intentar reducir unas tasas de mortalidad que alcanza el 70-90 % de los casos. El tratamiento endovascular es con frecuencia la primera elección aunque la cirugía abierta todavía juega un rol importante en casos de enfermedad extensa.(AU)

Introduction:chronic mesenteric ischemia (CMI) is a pathology with high morbidity and mortality rates since it’s usually associated with severe systemic arteriosclerosis. Revascularization of visceral trunks can be staggered in order to improve the nutritional status of the patient. Non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia is a type of acute mesenteric ischemia that frequently occurs in the postoperative period of major surgery or as a complication in critical patients.Case report:we present the case of a female patient with chronic mesenteric ischemia and critical ischemia of the lower limbs due to aortoiliac disease in which two-staged revascularization was performed. The patient had a torpid postoperative period as a result of a non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia which led to a fatal outcome.Discussion:non-occlusive mesenteric ischemia is a type of acute mesenteric ischemia that can occur in two contexts: either in a systemic hypoperfusion, or in the context of intestinal hypoperfusion after a precipitating event such as a surgical intervention. Diagnosis and early treatment are essential to trying to reduce mortality rates that reach 70-90 % of the cases. Endovascular treatment is often the first choice although bypass surgery still plays an important role in cases of extensive disease.(AU)

Acute arterial ischemia in COVID-19.

Since the coronavirus pandemic set in in Spain in March 2020, a noteworthy increase in the incidence of acute limb ischemia (ALI) has been observed. It has been recently discovered that SARS-CoV 2 may lead to ALI secondary to arterial thrombosis. Elevation of D-dimer (DD) in patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) indicates that a hypercoagulable state causes acute arterial thrombosis. A remarkably high DD elevation has been reported to be a poor prognosis factor in COVID-19. The ways in which SARS-CoV 2 results in arterial thrombosis may be multiple. On the other hand, surgical revascularization for ALI is associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, probably in relation to hypercoagulability. Here, we describe two ALI cases in patients who required urgent surgical treatment for limb salvage and were positive for the novel coronavirus infection (COVID 19).

Desde que a pandemia pelo novo coronavírus se estabeleceu na Espanha, em março de 2020, um aumento notável da incidência de isquemia aguda de membros foi observado. Recentemente, descobriu-se que o coronavírus 2 causador da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2) pode ocasionar isquemia aguda de membros secundária à trombose arterial. A elevação do D-dímero em pacientes acometidos pela doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) indica o estado de hipercoagulabilidade como causa da trombose arterial aguda. Vale destacar que a alta elevação do D-dímero foi relatada como um fator de prognóstico reservado na COVID-19. Há diversas maneiras pelas quais o SARS-CoV-2 pode resultar em trombose arterial. Em pacientes com COVID-19, a revascularização cirúrgica para isquemia aguda de membros está associada a desfechos desfavoráveis, provavelmente relacionados a hipercoagulabilidade. Descrevemos dois casos de isquemia aguda de membros de pacientes que necessitaram de tratamento cirúrgico de urgência para salvamento de membro e que haviam testado positivo para COVID-19.

Acute arterial ischemia in COVID-19 / Isquemia arterial aguda em pacientes com COVID-19

Abstract Since the coronavirus pandemic set in in Spain in March 2020, a noteworthy increase in the incidence of acute limb ischemia (ALI) has been observed. It has been recently discovered that SARS-CoV 2 may lead to ALI secondary to arterial thrombosis. Elevation of D-dimer (DD) in patients with coronavirus infection (COVID-19) indicates that a hypercoagulable state causes acute arterial thrombosis. A remarkably high DD elevation has been reported to be a poor prognosis factor in COVID-19. The ways in which SARS-CoV 2 results in arterial thrombosis may be multiple. On the other hand, surgical revascularization for ALI is associated with poor outcomes in COVID-19 patients, probably in relation to hypercoagulability. Here, we describe two ALI cases in patients who required urgent surgical treatment for limb salvage and were positive for the novel coronavirus infection (COVID 19).

Resumo Desde que a pandemia pelo novo coronavírus se estabeleceu na Espanha, em março de 2020, um aumento notável da incidência de isquemia aguda de membros foi observado. Recentemente, descobriu-se que o coronavírus 2 causador da síndrome respiratória aguda grave (SARS-CoV-2) pode ocasionar isquemia aguda de membros secundária à trombose arterial. A elevação do D-dímero em pacientes acometidos pela doença do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) indica o estado de hipercoagulabilidade como causa da trombose arterial aguda. Vale destacar que a alta elevação do D-dímero foi relatada como um fator de prognóstico reservado na COVID-19. Há diversas maneiras pelas quais o SARS-CoV-2 pode resultar em trombose arterial. Em pacientes com COVID-19, a revascularização cirúrgica para isquemia aguda de membros está associada a desfechos desfavoráveis, provavelmente relacionados a hipercoagulabilidade. Descrevemos dois casos de isquemia aguda de membros de pacientes que necessitaram de tratamento cirúrgico de urgência para salvamento de membro e que haviam testado positivo para COVID-19.

Actualización y algoritmos de toma de decisión en el manejo del aneurisma aórtico abdominal roto / Update and decision making algorithms on the management of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysms

La rotura de un aneurisma aórtico abdominal (AAA) es un evento altamente letal que continúa asociada a una alta mortalidad, a pesar de su disminución en las últimas dos décadas, asociada a la adopción de la cirugía endovascular como primera línea de tratamiento y a avances en el manejo anestésico y perioperatorio. La actuación frente a un AAA roto (AAAr) puede dividirse en cuatro etapas: diagnóstico, manejo perioperatorio, cirugía y posoperatorio. En el marco de las guías americana y europea sobre manejo de AAAr y de la Guía NICE, se expone una actualización de los puntos críticos en cada etapa: desde el papel diagnóstico clave del angio-TAC hasta el manejo de complicaciones posoperatorias, como el síndrome compartimental abdominal. La creación de protocolos y algoritmos basada en la evidencia ayuda en la toma de decisiones y disminuye el tiempo desde el diagnóstico hasta el control hemorrágico, esencial para la supervivencia

A ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (rAAA) is a highly lethal event remaining associated with a high overall mortality, in spite of the reduction in the mortality from rAAA over the last two decades linked with the adoption of an endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR) as the forefront strategy, as well as the advances in perioperative critical care practices. Management of a rAAA can be divided into four stages: diagnosis, perioperative management, surgical repair and postoperative period. Within the framework of American and European clinical practice guidelines on the management of abdominal aortic aneurysms and NICE guideline, all of them recently published, updated critical issues for each stage are shown. From the key role of CT angiogram for the diagnosis to the postoperative complications, such as abdominal compartment syndrome The creation of evidence-based protocols and algorithms for rapid diagnosis and treatment aids to make decisions and at the same time it will reduce the time since diagnosis to control of hemorrhage, which is essential for survival

Síndrome de Lemierre o tromboflebitis séptica de vena yugular interna tras extracción dentaria / Lemierre syndrome or septic thromboflebitis of internal yugular vein after dental extraction

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