Head and neck cancer patient journey's health literacy: a multidisciplinary team perspective. VOICE study.

PURPOSE: Health literacy is a current Public Health priority in Portugal. The participation of well-informed patients in their care and shared decision making are essential, especially in chronic aggressive and debilitating pathologies such as recurrent or metastatic (R/M) Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (HNSCC). AIMS: This study aimed to characterize R/M HNSCC patients' and caregivers' information needs identified by healthcare professionals (HCPs). METHODS: Two online Focus Groups, one with only medical doctors and the other with other HCPs involved in the treatment of R/M HNSCC patients, were conducted, using a modified Metaplan, Lean or adapted PDCA methodology. The discussions were audio recorded in full and content analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti qualitative data analysis software. RESULTS: Topics addressed were diagnosis, treatment, quality of life, and global evaluation. In general, all experts agreed that only essential information should be cautiously given, according to patients' and caregivers' wishes. It was consensual that patients are given the necessary information to adhere to treatment. Two main barriers were identified: one barrier was associated with verbal communication due to the lack of health literacy of these patients, and the other barrier regarded healthcare access. It was also considered important to remind patients of the daily and social activities that they could and should maintain, as well as providing sufficient social resources and problem-solving training to caregivers. CONCLUSIONS: This qualitative study highlights the complexity of R/M HNSCC patients' care. Immediate availability of psychologists and psychiatrists should be implemented in all centers that treat HNSCC patients. The differences found between the physicians' Focus Group and other HCPs' Focus Group in some of the addressed topics emphasize the importance of a multidisciplinary and holistic approach, in a biomedical model integrated with a biopsychosocial model.

Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale (PostopQRS).

INTRODUCTION: The Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale is a brief instrument of six domains designed to assess quality of recovery from early to long term after surgery. This study aims to validate the Portuguese version of the Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this observational study 101 adult patients undergoing elective surgery completed the Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale at 15 minutes and 40 minutes, one and three days after surgery. Three constructs were assessed for validity: increased recovery over time; effect of gender and recovery association with muscle strength. Reliability, responsiveness, feasibility and acceptability were also assessed. RESULTS: Construct validity was shown by increased recovery over time; worse recovery for female patients in emotive, nociceptive, activities of daily living and overall recovery; improved muscle strength in recovered patients. Internal consistency for activities of daily living was acceptable at all-time points (Cronbach's α value of 0.772 or higher), indicating scale reliability. The scale was able to detect differences in postoperative quality of recovery between the neuromuscular blockade reversal agents, neostigmine and sugammadex, indicating scale responsiveness. The time to conduct the Portuguese version at baseline was 95 - 581 seconds (median 319 seconds) and it was reduced with subsequent assessments. The proportion of patients completing all scale items was 87%, 75%, 65% and 94% for the four time periods evaluated, indicating scale feasibility and acceptability. DISCUSSION: This study shows that the Portuguese version of the Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale, demonstrates construct validity, reliability, responsiveness, feasibility and acceptability. CONCLUSIONS: This study allowed validation of the Portuguese version of the Postoperative Quality Recovery Scale.

Introdução: A Escala da Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória é um instrumento de seis domínios, desenhada para avaliar a qualidade da recuperação no período pós-operatório precoce e tardio. Este estudo teve como objetivo validar a versão portuguesa da Escala da Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória. Material e Métodos: Neste estudo observacional foi obtida uma amostra de 101 doentes adultos submetidos a cirurgia eletiva e que preencheu a Escala da Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória aos 15 e 40 minutos, um e três dias após a cirurgia. Três teorias foram avaliadas para aferir a validade teórica da escala: aumento da recuperação ao longo do tempo, efeito do género e a associação da recuperação com a força muscular. Foram também avaliadas a fiabilidade, poder de resposta, viabilidade e aceitabilidade. Resultados: A validade teórica foi demonstrada pelo aumento da recuperação ao longo do tempo, assim como uma pior recuperação para doentes do sexo feminino em atividades emotivas, nociceptivas, diárias e de recuperação geral. Detetou-se ainda uma melhoria da força muscular em doentes recuperados. A coerência interna no domínio das atividades da vida diária foi aceitável em todos os tempos (valor α de Cronbach de 0,772 ou superior), indicando a fiabilidade da escala. Com esta escala foi possível detetar diferenças na qualidade pós-operatória da recuperação entre os agentes de reversão de bloqueio neuromuscular, a neostigmina e o sugammadex, indicando que a escala apresenta poder de resposta. O tempo para aplicar a versão portuguesa no período inicial (baseline) foi de 95 - 581 segundos (mediana 319 segundos) com uma diminuição em avaliações subsequentes. A proporção de doentes que completaram todos os itens da escala foi de 87%, 75%, 65% e 94% nos quatro períodos avaliados, indicando viabilidade e aceitabilidade da escala. Discussão: A versão portuguesa da Escala da Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória demonstrou ter validade, fiabilidade, poder de resposta, viabilidade e aceitabilidade. Conclusões: Este estudo permitiu a validação da versão Portuguesa da Escala da Qualidade da Recuperação Pós-Operatória.

Portuguese consumers’ attitudes towards food labelling

Policy-makers, researchers, food manufacturers and retailers are re-examining the provision of nutrition informationto consumers on food labels. The WHO Regional Office for Europe has called on countries to extend the use ofconsumer-friendly front-of-package (FOP) labelling that is easy to understand and interpret on the basis of strong,consistent evidence that such schemes are preferred and correctly understood. Challenges in implementing policiesat national level have been experienced, however, because governments and policy-makers lack knowledge aboutconsumers’ attitudes and behaviour in regard to food choice and consumption. In some setting, it has thereforebeen difficult to identify the most appropriate scheme. In the Portuguese context, little was previously known aboutconsumers’ attitudes towards food labelling. There was some evidence of differences between consumers who arepoorly and highly literate and also according to gender, age and socioeconomic status; however, there were nounequivocal data on how different consumer segments understand and respond to nutrition labelling.