RESUMEN
Recently, there has been much effort to find effective ingredients which can prevent or retard cutaneous skin aging after topical or systemic use. Here, we investigated the effects of the atomic hydrogen surrounded by water molecules, H(H2O)m, on acute UV-induced responses and as well as skin aging. Interestingly, we observed that H(H2O)m application to human skin prevented UV-induced erythema and DNA damage. And H(H2O)m significantly prevented UV-induced MMP-1, COX-2, IL-6 and IL-1ß mRNA expressions in human skin in vivo. We found that H(H2O)m prevented UV-induced ROS generation and inhibited UV-induced MMP-1, COX-2 and IL-6 expressions, and UV-induced JNK and c-Jun phosphorylation in HaCaT cells. Next, we investigated the effects of H(H2O)m on intrinsically aged or photoaged skin of elderly subjects. In intrinsically aged skin, H(H2O)m application significantly reduced constitutive expressions of MMP-1, IL-6, and IL-1ß mRNA. Additionally, H(H2O)m significantly increased procollagen mRNA and also decreased MMP-1 and IL-6 mRNA expressions in photoaged facial skin. These results demonstrated that local application of H(H2O)m may prevent UV-induced skin inflammation and can modulate intrinsic skin aging and photoaging processes. Therefore, we suggest that modifying the atmospheric gas environment within a room may be a new way to regulate skin functions or skin aging.
Asunto(s)
Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de la radiación , Hidrógeno/farmacología , Envejecimiento de la Piel/genética , Piel/metabolismo , Rayos Ultravioleta/efectos adversos , Factores de Edad , Línea Celular Transformada , Ciclooxigenasa 2/genética , Ciclooxigenasa 2/metabolismo , Exposición a Riesgos Ambientales , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Activación Enzimática/efectos de la radiación , Eritema/etiología , Eritema/prevención & control , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-6/genética , Interleucina-6/metabolismo , MAP Quinasa Quinasa 4/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/genética , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Fosforilación/efectos de los fármacos , Fosforilación/efectos de la radiación , Procolágeno/genética , Procolágeno/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-jun/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Envejecimiento de la Piel/efectos de la radiación , Timidina/química , Timidina/efectos de la radiación , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Capacitive deionization (CDI) for removal of water hardness was investigated for water softening applications. In order to examine the wettability and pore structure of the activated carbon cloth and composites electrodes, surface morphological and electrochemical characteristics were observed. The highly wettable electrode surface exhibited faster adsorption/desorption of ions in a continuous treatment system. In addition, the stack as well as unit cell operations were performed to investigate preferential removal of the hardness ions, showing higher selectivity of divalent ions rather than that of the monovalent ion. Interestingly, competitive substitution was observed in which the adsorbed Na ions were replaced by more strongly adsorptive Ca and Mg ions. The preferential removal of divalent ions was explained in terms of ion selectivity and pore characteristics in electrodes. Finally, optimal pore size and structure of carbon electrodes for efficient removal of divalent ions were extensively discussed.
Asunto(s)
Técnicas Electroquímicas/métodos , Iones/aislamiento & purificación , Purificación del Agua/métodos , Ablandamiento del Agua/métodos , Carbono/química , Cationes Bivalentes/aislamiento & purificación , Cationes Monovalentes/aislamiento & purificación , Carbón Orgánico/química , Técnicas Electroquímicas/instrumentación , Electrodos , Microscopía Electrónica de Rastreo , Porosidad , Propiedades de Superficie , HumectabilidadRESUMEN
A novel atmospheric pressure plasma device releasing atomic hydrogen has been developed. This device has specific properties such as (1) deactivation of airborne microbial-contaminants, (2) neutralization of indoor OH radicals and (3) being harmless to the human body. It consists of a ceramic plate as a positive ion generation electrode and a needle-shaped electrode as an electron emission electrode. Release of atomic hydrogen from the device has been investigated by the spectroscopic method. Optical emission of atomic hydrogen probably due to recombination of positive ions, H+(H2O)n, generated from the ceramic plate electrode and electrons emitted from the needle-shaped electrode have been clearly observed in the He gas (including water vapour) environment. The efficacy of the device to reduce airborne concentrations of influenza virus, bacteria, mould fungi and allergens has been evaluated. 99.6% of airborne influenza virus has been deactivated with the operation of the device compared with the control test in a 1 m3 chamber after 60 min. The neutralization of the OH radical has been investigated by spectroscopic and biological methods. A remarkable reduction of the OH radical in the air by operation of the device has been observed by laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy. The cell protection effects of the device against OH radicals in the air have been observed. Furthermore, the side effects have been checked by animal experiments. The harmlessness of the device has been confirmed.
