Two cases of variations in inferior thyroid arterial pattern and their clinical implications.

Vascular variations are the most common ones in humans. Inferior thyroid artery arises from the thyrocervical trunk in 90.5%, from subclavian in 7.5%, and very rarely from the common carotid, aortic arch, brachiocephalic, internal thoracic, pericardiacophrenic, or vertebral. Thyroid ima artery is more common variety found in up to12.2% of the population. Two cadavers dissected in the anatomy department are presented with variations in the blood supply of the thyroid gland. The first case was a 61-year-old man with middle thymothyroid artery arising from the common carotid on the right side and inferior thyroid as a branch of the common carotid on the left. The second case was an 85-year-old female without inferior thyroid arteries bilaterally, replaced by thyroid ima arising from brachiocephalic artery. The awareness of such arterial pattern is crucial for the specialists in imaging and preoperative diagnosing and escaping eventual iatrogenic complications of thyroid gland.

Engineering new limits to magnetostriction through metastability in iron-gallium alloys.

Magnetostrictive materials transduce magnetic and mechanical energies and when combined with piezoelectric elements, evoke magnetoelectric transduction for high-sensitivity magnetic field sensors and energy-efficient beyond-CMOS technologies. The dearth of ductile, rare-earth-free materials with high magnetostrictive coefficients motivates the discovery of superior materials. Fe1-xGax alloys are amongst the highest performing rare-earth-free magnetostrictive materials; however, magnetostriction becomes sharply suppressed beyond x = 19% due to the formation of a parasitic ordered intermetallic phase. Here, we harness epitaxy to extend the stability of the BCC Fe1-xGax alloy to gallium compositions as high as x = 30% and in so doing dramatically boost the magnetostriction by as much as 10x relative to the bulk and 2x larger than canonical rare-earth based magnetostrictors. A Fe1-xGax - [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.7-[PbTiO3]0.3 (PMN-PT) composite magnetoelectric shows robust 90° electrical switching of magnetic anisotropy and a converse magnetoelectric coefficient of 2.0 × 10-5 s m-1. When optimally scaled, this high coefficient implies stable switching at ~80 aJ per bit.

Bulk-like dielectric and magnetic properties of sub 100 nm thick single crystal Cr2O3 films on an epitaxial oxide electrode.

The manipulation of antiferromagnetic order in magnetoelectric Cr2O3 using electric field has been of great interest due to its potential in low-power electronics. The substantial leakage and low dielectric breakdown observed in twinned Cr2O3 thin films, however, hinders its development in energy efficient spintronics. To compensate, large film thicknesses (250 nm or greater) have been employed at the expense of device scalability. Recently, epitaxial V2O3 thin film electrodes have been used to eliminate twin boundaries and significantly reduce the leakage of 300 nm thick single crystal films. Here we report the electrical endurance and magnetic properties of thin (less than 100 nm) single crystal Cr2O3 films on epitaxial V2O3 buffered Al2O3 (0001) single crystal substrates. The growth of Cr2O3 on isostructural V2O3 thin film electrodes helps eliminate the existence of twin domains in Cr2O3 films, therefore significantly reducing leakage current and increasing dielectric breakdown. 60 nm thick Cr2O3 films show bulk-like resistivity (~ 1012 Ω cm) with a breakdown voltage in the range of 150-300 MV/m. Exchange bias measurements of 30 nm thick Cr2O3 display a blocking temperature of ~ 285 K while room temperature optical second harmonic generation measurements possess the symmetry consistent with bulk magnetic order.

[Promotion of a positive image of health behavior by the population via primary health care system activities]. / Unapredenje pozitivnih oblika zdravstvenog ponasanja stanovnistva putem aktivnosti u primarnoj zdravstvenoj zastiti.

The aim of this investigation was to find out the possibilities and the necessity of health educational and health promotion programmes in the working population. The study was performed during 1991 in Vojvodina. The representative sample was selected among the industrial, administrative and agricultural workers. The results showed high participation of inadequate health behaviour among the questioned workers. But there is a strong wish for its correction among them, and expressed need for help in doing it. There was a high interest in health topics, but the main sources for these informations were mass media and selfexperience, and finally health workers. This shows the need for more active participation of health personnel in health education and health promotion. The paper suggests the promotion of health behaviour among the working population as a mutual activity of primary health workers and the working organization.