Evaluation of the Efficiency of Lubricant Based on Pulmonary Surfactant in Experimental Knee Osteoarthritis in Rats: Analysis of 3D Reconstructions.

We evaluated the efficiency of a lubricant based on a pulmonary surfactant in experimental knee osteoarthritis in rats induced by intraarticular injection of abrasive material that reduces the lubricative properties of the synovial fluid. Experimental substance containing proteins of the pulmonary surfactant exhibiting natural lubricative properties was used as the lubricant. The effectiveness of the substance was analyzed by changes in morphological characteristics of the articular cartilage in 3D reconstruction images of the knee joint obtained by the method of multiple high-precision grinding. It was found that radial thickness of the articular cartilage increased and surface relief index decreased on the 6th and 12th week after administration of the substance containing surfactant proteins, which can indicate partial recovery of the articular cartilage.

[MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF OSSEOINTEGRATION AFTERAPPLICATION OF TITANIUM IMPLANTS WITH BIOACTIVE COATING AND RECOMBINANT BONE MORPHOGENETIC PROTEIN].

Experiments were carried out on 22 albino male Wistar rats to study the morphological peculiarities of osseointegration of titanium grafts with bioactive surface stimulated additionally with bone plastic material "Gamalant-paste-FORTE Plus" containing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2). In 9 rats the implants were placed into femoral bones after local treatment of bone canal with rhBMP-2-containing material. Another 9 animals were implanted but received no treatment, 4 rats formed the group of intact control. Zone of osseointegration was studied 4, 8 and 12 weeks after graft placement using histological and morphometric methods as well as immune histochemistry to demonstrate osteonectin, CD68, MMP-9, and TIMP-1. The study showed that preliminary treatment of bone canal with rhBMP-2-containing material preceding implant placement was accompanied by an additional osteoinductive effect. More intense and outrunning bone formation in the area of osseointegration was observed, together with remodeling and compaction of the contiguous cancellous bone, thus providing the necessary balance between MMP-9 and TIMP-1 with a high level of each factor expression.

Characteristics of Lung Injury in Rats after Inhalation of Ultradisperse Bacterial LPS in Lipophilic and Hydrophilic Phases.

We compared cellular and tissue reactions of the lungs in Wistar rats after inhalation of LPS from E. coli 0128: B12 in the form of ultradispersion in water-salt phase and lipid phase. The estimated dose of the toxin was 200 mg/kg in both series. The content of LPS and TNF-α in lung homogenates, bronchoalveolar fluid, and blood serum was determined 3, 8, and 24 h after inhalation, morphological changes in the lungs were analyzed. Inhalation of LPS in the lipid phase was accompanied by its less intensive accumulation in the lung tissue and bloodstream, and more pronounced accumulation in the bronchoalveolar fluid as well as less intense release of TNF-α in comparison with the effects of LPS in water-salt phase. Macrophage reaction, leukocyte infiltration of the interalveolar septa, and reduction of α-antitrypsin in the lung tissue was more pronounced in series with inhalation with LPS ultradispersions in water-salt phase and lipid phase, and damage to the alveolar epithelium, in the series with the inhalation of the lipid phase.

Simulation of incomplete obstructive uropathy in rats by injecting an artificial calculus into the bladder.

Incomplete varying obstruction of the urinary tract was reproduced by injecting artificial stomatological material into the rat bladder. Inflammatory changes and nephrosclerosis were detected in the renal tissue on days 14 and 21 of the experiment. Urinary concentration of total protein and activity of γ-glutamylaminotransferase increased. A direct positive correlation between the volume percentage of connective tissue and activities of the renal enzymes in the urine was detected.

Sex hormone profile and morphological changes in the ovaries in chronic endotoxicosis.

Morphological changes in the ovaries and levels of sex hormones were studied in rats with chronic endotoxicosis. Long-term endogenous intoxication was associated with the development of sclerocystic ovary syndrome paralleled by hormone imbalance.

[Assessing the prognostic significance of morphometric parameters of vascular wall inflammation for remote results of reconstructive operations in the aortoiliac zone in patients with atherosclerosis obliterans].

The study was aimed at assessing the relationship between the activity (including the inflammatory one) of the atherosclerotic process in the zone ofarterial reconstruction in patients under-going surgery on the aortoiliac arterial segment and long-term thrombotic reocclusions. The study comprised a total offorty-nine patients, with the postoperative follow-up period amounting to 5 years. We carried out morphological studies of the aortic wall in the zone of the proximal anastomosis and the walls of the common femoral arteries in the zone of distal anastomoses. It was determined that the presence of morphometric sign of inflammation and atherosclerotic deformity in the preparations of the aortic and arterial walls was accompanied and followed by increased incidence of long-term thrombotic complications in the reconstruction zone with more pronounced progression of the thrombotic process in the arteries of the peripheral bed distal to the reconstruction site.

Thyroid modulation of TNF-dependent apoptosis and formation of chronic liver disease in endogenous intoxication in rats.

Dynamic studies on rats with chronic endogenous intoxication showed involvement of the thyroid hormones in modulation of liver injury. Thyroid modulation is realized as more intense induction of TNF apoptosis in the cells and stimulation of microcirculatory disorders at the expense of nitroxide synthase expression. The modulation is quantitative, augmenting liver damage.

Variability of neuronal damage and proportion of activities of NO synthase isoforms during cerebral ischemia/reperfusion in rats.

We studied expression of endothelial and neuronal NO synthase isoforms and severity of ischemia/reperfusion-induced damage to neurons in different brain compartments in albino rats. The peculiarities of distribution of NO synthase isoforms in the cerebral cortex and medulla oblongata were determined by different sensitivity of these compartments to ischemic and reperfusion damage to neurons.

Structural and functional alterations in thyroid gland as elements of chronic endotoxicosis.

Chronic endotoxicosis leads to pronounced structural changes in the thyroid gland and hypothyrosis characterized by reduced weight and activity of the thyroid parenchyma.