Factors associated with gestational breast cancer: case-control study. / Fatores associados ao câncer de mama gestacional: estudo caso-controle.

The prevalence of gestational breast cancer (GBC) is 1:3,000-10,000 pregnancies. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with GBC. This case-control study was conducted in the period between January 2004 and December 2014 at a reference maternity hospital for high-risk pregnancies in Rio de Janeiro. Two controls were selected for each case, totaling 21 GBC cases and 42 controls. Data were collected through a review of medical and hospitalization and delivery records. Reproductive, obstetrical, sociodemographic and health-related characteristics were investigated. Results: The mean age of pregnant women in both groups was 35.5 years. Menarche's mean age was also similar (12.3 years) in both groups. Mother's age at first pregnancy was > 30 years in 28.6% of the patients with GBC and in 2.4% of the control group (p = 0.03). Crude and adjusted odds ratio and their respective CI 95% were calculated through conditional logistic regression paired by mother's age. The results show that the risk for GBC increases 27% for each additional year of mother's age at first pregnancy (p < 0.02) and that mothers with lower schooling had higher risk of GBC (OR = 8.49). Conclusion: Our data confirm the association of primiparity over 30 years of age and low level of schooling with GBC.

A prevalência do câncer de mama gestacional (CMG) é 1:3.000-10.000 gestações. O objetivo é conhecer os fatores de risco (FR) associados ao CMG. Trata-se de estudo caso-controle entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2014, em maternidade de referência para gravidez de alto risco no Rio de Janeiro. Para cada um dos casos foram selecionados dois controles, totalizando 21 casos de CMG e 42 controles. Os dados foram coletados a partir de revisão de prontuários e sumários de internação e parto. Características reprodutivas, obstétricas, sociodemográficas e relativas à saúde foram investigadas. Resultados: A idade média das gestantes dos dois grupos foi 35,5 anos. A média de idade da menarca também se mostrou equivalente (12,3 anos). A idade materna na primeira gravidez foi > 30 anos em 28,6% da pacientes com CMG e em 2,4% do grupo controle (p = 0,03). Utilizando regressão logística condicional pareada por idade da mãe, calcularam-se as razões de chance brutas e ajustadas e os respectivos IC95%. Os resultados apontaram que a chance de CMG aumenta 27% para cada ano a mais na idade materna na primeira gravidez (p < 0,02) e que mães com baixa escolaridade tiveram maior chance de apresentar câncer de mama (OR = 8,49). Conclusão: Nossos dados confirmam a associação entre primiparidade a partir de 30 anos e baixa escolaridade como CMG.

Pregnancy outcomes and mother-to-child transmission rate in HTLV-1/2 infected women attending two public hospitals in the metropolitan area of Rio de Janeiro.

HTLV-1/2 are transmitted sexually, by whole cell blood products and from mother-to-child (MTC), mainly through breastfeeding. HTLV-1/2 prevalence in pregnant women is high in Rio de Janeiro, however there were no local studies addressing the rate of adverse pregnancy outcomes (APO) and MTC transmission. The aim was to study sociodemographic characteristics which may be associated to HTLV-1/2 infection and describe pregnancy outcomes and MTC transmission in HTLV-1/2-positive women. The cross-sectional study screened 1,628 pregnant women in of Rio de Janeiro (2012-2014) and found 12 asymptomatic carrier mothers (prevalence = 0.74%). Pregnancy outcome information was retrieved from medical records. Sociodemographic characteristics were similar between the positive and negative groups except for maternal age, which was higher in carrier mothers. The incidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes was similar in infected and non-infected patients (p = 0.33), however there was a high rate of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) amid infected mothers (3/12). Multilevel logistic regression found that for each additional year of age, the chance of being HTLV-1/2-positive increased 11% and that having another sexually transmitted infection (STI) increased 9 times the chance of being infected. Carrier mothers had more antenatal visits (OR = 5.26). Among the children of HTLV-1/2-positive mothers there was one fetal death, one infant death and one loss of follow-up. After two years of follow-up there was one case of MTC transmission (1/9). The mother reported breastfeeding for one month only. Knowledge about factors associated to HTLV-1/2 infection, its impact on pregnancy outcomes and the MTC transmission rate is important to guide public health policies on antenatal screening and management.

Fatores associados ao câncer de mama gestacional: estudo caso-controle / Factors associated with gestational breast cancer: case-control study

Resumo A prevalência do câncer de mama gestacional (CMG) é 1:3.000-10.000 gestações. O objetivo é conhecer os fatores de risco (FR) associados ao CMG. Trata-se de estudo caso-controle entre janeiro de 2004 e dezembro de 2014, em maternidade de referência para gravidez de alto risco no Rio de Janeiro. Para cada um dos casos foram selecionados dois controles, totalizando 21 casos de CMG e 42 controles. Os dados foram coletados a partir de revisão de prontuários e sumários de internação e parto. Características reprodutivas, obstétricas, sociodemográficas e relativas à saúde foram investigadas. Resultados: A idade média das gestantes dos dois grupos foi 35,5 anos. A média de idade da menarca também se mostrou equivalente (12,3 anos). A idade materna na primeira gravidez foi > 30 anos em 28,6% da pacientes com CMG e em 2,4% do grupo controle (p = 0,03). Utilizando regressão logística condicional pareada por idade da mãe, calcularam-se as razões de chance brutas e ajustadas e os respectivos IC95%. Os resultados apontaram que a chance de CMG aumenta 27% para cada ano a mais na idade materna na primeira gravidez (p < 0,02) e que mães com baixa escolaridade tiveram maior chance de apresentar câncer de mama (OR = 8,49). Conclusão: Nossos dados confirmam a associação entre primiparidade a partir de 30 anos e baixa escolaridade como CMG.

Abstract The prevalence of gestational breast cancer (GBC) is 1:3,000-10,000 pregnancies. This study aims to identify the risk factors associated with GBC. This case-control study was conducted in the period between January 2004 and December 2014 at a reference maternity hospital for high-risk pregnancies in Rio de Janeiro. Two controls were selected for each case, totaling 21 GBC cases and 42 controls. Data were collected through a review of medical and hospitalization and delivery records. Reproductive, obstetrical, sociodemographic and health-related characteristics were investigated. Results: The mean age of pregnant women in both groups was 35.5 years. Menarche's mean age was also similar (12.3 years) in both groups. Mother's age at first pregnancy was > 30 years in 28.6% of the patients with GBC and in 2.4% of the control group (p = 0.03). Crude and adjusted odds ratio and their respective CI 95% were calculated through conditional logistic regression paired by mother's age. The results show that the risk for GBC increases 27% for each additional year of mother's age at first pregnancy (p < 0.02) and that mothers with lower schooling had higher risk of GBC (OR = 8.49). Conclusion: Our data confirm the association of primiparity over 30 years of age and low level of schooling with GBC.