RESUMEN
Adult brainstem gliomas are difficult to classify based on radiologic and histologic features. A K27M mutation in histone 3 has been described to identify high-grade midline gliomas associated with a particularly unfavorable prognosis. While initially considered a pediatric entity, it is now known that H3K27M-mutant brainstem gliomas occur in all age groups, but they are less well understood in adults. We studied clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of 25 brainstem gliomas diagnosed at our institution between 1994 and 2017 in subjects at least 18 years old. Seven tumors (28%) were positive for the H3K27M mutation, and their median overall survival was significantly shorter than in the H3-wildtype group (p = 0.004). Although the mutation was invariably associated with a poor prognosis, our study also illustrates the radiologic and pathologic heterogeneity in this molecular tumor subtype. The results showed that H3K27M-mutant status and clinically aggressive course cannot be ruled out based on low-grade histology on the initial biopsy, exophytic growth, only focal or minimal enhancement or an extrapontine location, such as midbrain or medulla. These results favor an integrated approach employing a combination of clinical, radiologic, histologic features as well as H3K27M immunohistochemistry for the diagnostic subclassification of adult brainstem gliomas.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias del Tronco Encefálico , Glioma , Histonas/genética , Lisina/genética , Metionina/genética , Mutación/genética , Adulto , Antígenos CD/metabolismo , Antígenos de Diferenciación Mielomonocítica/metabolismo , Neoplasias del Tronco Encefálico/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias del Tronco Encefálico/genética , Neoplasias del Tronco Encefálico/patología , Femenino , Estudios de Seguimiento , Glioma/diagnóstico por imagen , Glioma/genética , Glioma/patología , Humanos , Antígeno Ki-67/metabolismo , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteínas de Neurofilamentos/metabolismo , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
A 55-year-old man was seen with progressively worsening dizziness over 10 months. The initial assessment with unremarkable laboratory and imaging studies suggested a peripheral vestibular disorder. He was then lost to follow-up but later was seen with worsening ataxia. Additional imaging studies showed subtle parenchymal lesions in the posterior fossa. The differential diagnoses included nutritional deficiencies, autoimmune disorders, systemic malignancies, and intracranial tumors. The final diagnosis was confirmed by a biopsy.
Asunto(s)
Ataxia/etiología , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/diagnóstico , Mareo/etiología , Meduloblastoma/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/patología , Neoplasias Cerebelosas/terapia , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Humanos , Masculino , Meduloblastoma/complicaciones , Meduloblastoma/patología , Meduloblastoma/terapia , Persona de Mediana Edad , Resultado del TratamientoRESUMEN
We compared image quality in 44 pediatric head computed tomographic exams reconstructed using four levels of blended iterative techniques (iDOSE 1-4) versus filtered back projection. Three radiologists reviewed the 220 series in a randomized, blinded manner. They scored each series based on gray-white matter differentiation, visibility of the pre-pontine cistern, caudate head, image noise, and image quality. Noise was measured in the vitreous and the thalamus. Composite scores were highest with iDOSE 4 (P<.0001). Interobserver agreement was fair to moderate. Spearman's rho of the vitreous (-0.62, P<.001) and thalamus (-0.58, P<.001) confirmed a significant inverse correlation between iDOSE level and noise.
Asunto(s)
Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Neuroimagen , Interpretación de Imagen Radiográfica Asistida por Computador/métodos , Tomografía Computarizada por Rayos X , Adolescente , Niño , Preescolar , Femenino , Humanos , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Dosis de Radiación , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
Elevated homocysteine (Hcy), prevalent in Parkinson's disease (PD), is potentially a modifiable risk factor for neurologic deterioration. We measured cognitive, affective and motor changes over 2 years in a cohort of people with early PD. Subjects whose Hcy had been elevated (>14 micromol/L, n = 31) at baseline were compared with the rest (n = 66). Overall progression in 2 years did not significantly differ (p = 0.20). Four subjects with elevated and one with normal Hcy had died (p = 0.03). We conclude that hyperhomocysteinemia does not predict significantly worse progression over 2 years in early PD. The data raised the possibility of higher mortality, but the number of deaths was small.