Reconstrucción maxilofacial de la región orbitaria / Maxillofacial reconstruction of the orbital region

La región orbitaria representa una unidad estética funcional muy importante en la región facial. Se presenta un trabajo retrospectivo de un período de 20 años (2000-2020) de actividad pública-privada en el tratamiento de patología tumoral y traumática de la región orbitaria. Analizamos en 580 casos operados, 184 oncológicos y 396 traumáticos, diferentes aspectos comunes que intervienen en el tratamiento reconstructivo de la región: abordajes, técnicas quirúrgicas, consideraciones anatomofuncionales, principios básicos en cirugía maxilofacial orbitaria y complicaciones, resaltando la importancia del manejo correcto de los tejidos regionales en su reconstrucción. La mejor posibilidad para el paciente de lograr un buen resultado es con una operación primaria correcta. Sus complicaciones son de difícil tratamiento

The orbital region represents a very important functional aesthetic unit in the facial region. A retrospective study of a 20-year period (2000- 2020) of public-private activity in the treatment of tumor and traumatic pathology of the orbital region is presented. We analyzed in 580 operated cases, 184 oncological and 396 traumatic, different common aspects involved in the reconstructive treatment of the region: approaches, surgical techniques, anatomofunctional considerations, basic principles in orbital maxillofacial surgery and complications, highlighting the importance of the correct management of regional tissues in their reconstruction. The best possibility for the patient to achieve a good result is with a correct primary operation. Its complications are difficult to treat

Comparative Analysis of Fluorescence Emission in Myricetin, Kaempferol, and Quercetin Powders and Solutions.

Myricetin is a flavonol with high antioxidant properties. In this research, the fluorescence emission of myricetin powder and its solutions in different solvents were measured and analyzed by comparing with the results of calculations. Comparison of the calculated and measured characteristic wavelengths allowed the identification of all the spectral features in the fluorescence spectra of myricetin powder and solutions with different concentrations. The computation was based on modeling the process of the excited state intermolecular proton transfer, which predicts the formation of tautomeric forms of the flavonol molecule. Characteristic emission wavelengths were obtained using TDDFT/M06-2X/6-31++G(d,p). To understand the influence of the hydroxyl groups in the B-ring of the flavonol molecule on the emission spectrum, we also compared the fluorescence spectra of myricetin with those of kaempferol and quercetin. Moreover, based on the analysis of the changes in the shape of the FL spectra with the concentration of the solution, a criterion for the complete dissolution of the flavonol powders was established, which is important for bioavailability of flavonoids.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a la revisión del etiquetado nutricional por adultos en el Perú

Introducción: La ausencia o poca revisión del etiquetado nutricional es muy frecuente, y estas brindan información sobre la calidad de los alimentos que se van a adquirir y consumir. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de la frecuente revisión del etiquetado nutricional (REN) y sus factores asociados. Métodos: Estudio transversal analítico que evalúa los datos de la Vigilancia Alimentaria Nutricional por Etapas de Vida (VIANEV) de 2017-2018. La REN se consideró frecuente cuando el adulto leyó siempre o casi siempre la tabla de nutrientes de productos que adquiere y/o consume. Se hicieron estimaciones y análisis bivariados, se determinaron factores asociados empleando un modelo lineal generalizado de familia Poisson con enlace log bajo imputación múltiple. Resultados: Se encontró que el 62,4% no revisa el etiquetado del contenido nutricional. Solo 14,9% de los adultos lo hace frecuentemente. Para el modelo crudo, la educación superior se asoció con mayor prevalencia de REN (RP=10,79; IC95%: 1,49-78,16); y una menor prevalencia en el área rural (RP=0,47; IC95%: 0,31-0,73) y tener al menos una Necesidad Básica Insatisfecha (RP=0,56; IC95%: 0,33-0 ,98). En el modelo ajustado se encontró asociación para divorciados (RP: 4,24; IC95%: 1,91 a 9,41), convivientes (RP: 1,61; IC95%: 1,04 a 2,47) y quienes consumían 5 a más porciones de fruta o verduras al día (RP: 1,77; IC95%: 1,28 a 2,44). Conclusiones: La revisión de etiquetas nutricionales no es un comportamiento usual en adultos, y su realización se asoció en los divorciados, convivientes y con los que consumen 5 a más porciones de frutas y verduras.

Introduction: The absence or little review of nutritional labeling is very frequent, and these provide information on the quality of the food that is going to be acquired and consumed. Objective: To determine the prevalence of the frequent review of nutritional labeling (REN) and its associated factors. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study that evaluates the data from the Nutritional Food Surveillance by Life Stages (VIANEV) from 2017-2018. REN was considered frequent when the adult always or almost always read the table of nutrients of the products they purchase and/or consume. Estimates and bivariate analyzes were made, associated factors were determined using a generalized linear model of the Poisson family with log link under multiple imputation. Results: It was found that 62,4% do not review the nutritional content labeling. Only 14,9% of adults do so frequently. For the crude model, higher education was associated with a higher prevalence of REN (PR=10,79; 95%CI: 1,49-78,16); and a lowerprevalence in rural areas (PR=0,47; 95%CI: 0,31-0,73) and having at least one Unsatisfied Basic Need (PR=0,56; 95%CI: 0,33-0,98). In the adjusted model, an association was found for divorcees (PR=4,24; 95%CI: 1,91-9,41), cohabiting (PR=1,61; 95%CI: 1,04-2,47) and those who consumed 5 or more servings of fruit or vegetables per day (PR=1,77; 95%CI: 1,28-2,44). Conclusions: The review of nutritional labels is not a usual behavior in adults, and its performance was associated with divorced people, cohabitants and with those who consume 5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

Degradation of Phonons in Disordered Moiré Superlattices.

The elastic collective modes of a moiré superlattice arise not from vibrations of a rigid crystal but from the relative displacement between the constituent layers. Despite their similarity to acoustic phonons, these modes, called phasons, are not protected by any conservation law. Here, we show that disorder in the relative orientation between the layers and thermal fluctuations associated with their sliding motion degrade the propagation of sound in the moiré superlattice. Specifically, the phason modes become overdamped at low energies and acquire a finite gap, which displays a universal dependence on the twist-angle variance. Thus, twist-angle inhomogeneity is manifested not only in the noninteracting electronic structure of moiré systems, but also in their phononlike modes. More broadly, our results have important implications for the electronic properties of twisted moiré systems that are sensitive to the electron-phonon coupling.

Enhanced tunable second harmonic generation from twistable interfaces and vertical superlattices in boron nitride homostructures.

Broken symmetries induce strong even-order nonlinear optical responses in materials and at interfaces. Unlike conventional covalently bonded nonlinear crystals, van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures feature layers that can be stacked at arbitrary angles, giving complete control over the presence or lack of inversion symmetry at a crystal interface. Here, we report highly tunable second harmonic generation (SHG) from nanomechanically rotatable stacks of bulk hexagonal boron nitride (BN) crystals and introduce the term twistoptics to describe studies of optical properties in twistable vdW systems. By suppressing residual bulk effects, we observe SHG intensity modulated by a factor of more than 50, and polarization patterns determined by moiré interface symmetry. Last, we demonstrate greatly enhanced conversion efficiency in vdW vertical superlattice structures with multiple symmetry-broken interfaces. Our study paves the way for compact twistoptics architectures aimed at efficient tunable frequency conversion and demonstrates SHG as a robust probe of buried vdW interfaces.

Consenso para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la esclerosis múltiple en pacientes del ISSSTE / Consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis in ISSSTE patients

Resumen: La esclerosis múltiple es una de las principales enfermedades desmielinizantes del sistema nervioso central, que repercute no solo en lo económico, sino también en lo social. El Instituto de Seguridad y Servicios Sociales de los Trabajadores del Estado (ISSSTE) dispone de la mayor parte de los tratamientos que modifican la evolución de esta enfermedad y para optimizar su uso, un grupo de neurólogos de la institución se reunió para la realización de un documento sobre aspectos generales de diagnóstico y tratamiento denominado Consenso para el Diagnóstico y Tratamiento de la Esclerosis múltiple en pacientes del ISSSTE. El objetivo de este documento es dar recomendaciones de las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas contra la esclerosis múltiple.

Abstract: Multiple sclerosis is one of the main demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system, which impacts not only economically but also socially. The Mexican Institute of Security and Social Services of State Workers (ISSSTE) has most of the disease modifying treatments for this disease and to optimize its use, a group of neurologists from the institution met to make a document on general aspects of diagnosis and treatment called: Consensus for the diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis in ISSSTE patients. The objective of this consensus is to give recommendations on the different therapeutic alternatives against multiple scle- rosis for adults and children.

Effects of stochastic time-delayed feedback on a dynamical system modeling a chemical oscillator.

We examine how stochastic time-delayed negative feedback affects the dynamical behavior of a model oscillatory reaction. We apply constant and stochastic time-delayed negative feedbacks to a point Field-Körös-Noyes photosensitive oscillator and compare their effects. Negative feedback is applied in the form of simulated inhibitory electromagnetic radiation with an intensity proportional to the concentration of oxidized light-sensitive catalyst in the oscillator. We first characterize the system under nondelayed inhibitory feedback; then we explore and compare the effects of constant (deterministic) versus stochastic time-delayed feedback. We find that the oscillatory amplitude, frequency, and waveform are essentially preserved when low-dispersion stochastic delayed feedback is used, whereas small but measurable changes appear when a large dispersion is applied.

The emergence and evolution of the research fronts in HIV/AIDS research.

In this paper, we have identified and analyzed the emergence, structure and dynamics of the paradigmatic research fronts that established the fundamentals of the biomedical knowledge on HIV/AIDS. A search of papers with the identifiers "HIV/AIDS", "Human Immunodeficiency Virus", "HIV-1" and "Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome" in the Web of Science (Thomson Reuters), was carried out. A citation network of those papers was constructed. Then, a sub-network of the papers with the highest number of inter-citations (with a minimal in-degree of 28) was selected to perform a combination of network clustering and text mining to identify the paradigmatic research fronts and analyze their dynamics. Thirteen research fronts were identified in this sub-network. The biggest and oldest front is related to the clinical knowledge on the disease in the patient. Nine of the fronts are related to the study of specific molecular structures and mechanisms and two of these fronts are related to the development of drugs. The rest of the fronts are related to the study of the disease at the cellular level. Interestingly, the emergence of these fronts occurred in successive "waves" over the time which suggest a transition in the paradigmatic focus. The emergence and evolution of the biomedical fronts in HIV/AIDS research is explained not just by the partition of the problem in elements and interactions leading to increasingly specialized communities, but also by changes in the technological context of this health problem and the dramatic changes in the epidemiological reality of HIV/AIDS that occurred between 1993 and 1995.

Emergent Gauge Fields from Curvature in Single Layers of Transition-Metal Dichalcogenides.

We analyze the electron dynamics in corrugated layers of transition-metal dichalcogenides. Due to the strong spin-orbit coupling, the intrinsic (Gaussian) curvature leads to an emergent gauge field associated with the Berry connection of the spinor wave function. We discuss the gauge field created by topological defects of the lattice, namely, tetragonal and octogonal disclinations and edge dislocations. Ripples and topological disorder induce the same dephasing effects as a random magnetic field, suppressing the weak localization effects. This geometric magnetic field can be detected in an Aharonov-Bohm interferometry experiment by measuring the local density of states in the vicinity of corrugations.

Realization of the Haldane-Kane-Mele Model in a System of Localized Spins.

We study a spin Hamiltonian for spin-orbit-coupled ferromagnets on the honeycomb lattice. At sufficiently low temperatures supporting the ordered phase, the effective Hamiltonian for magnons, the quanta of spin-wave excitations, is shown to be equivalent to the Haldane model for electrons, which indicates the nontrivial topology of the band and the existence of the associated edge state. At high temperatures comparable to the ferromagnetic-exchange strength, we take the Schwinger-boson representation of spins, in which the mean-field spinon band forms a bosonic counterpart of the Kane-Mele model. The nontrivial geometry of the spinon band can be inferred by detecting the spin Nernst effect. A feasible experimental realization of the spin Hamiltonian is proposed.

Fluorosis dental en niños de 12 y 15 años del municipio de Andes / Dental fluorosis in children of 12 and 15 year of aged in Andes Municipality

Introducción: La Fluorosis dental es un problema de salud bucal que se puede presentar en diferentes grados de severidad según la exposición a fluoruros durante la formación dental, la OMS recomienda hacer vigilancia de este problema en la población. Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y severidad de fluorosis dental, en niños de 12 y 15 años de edad, que asistieron a consulta odontológica durante el año 2014 a la ESE Hospital San Rafael del Municipio de Andes (Antioquia). Materiales y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, retrospectivo de 400 registros de los niños de 12 y 15 años que asistieron a consulta odontológica durante el año 2014; de los cuales 192 fueron reportados como casos de Fluorosis dental, y habían sido examinados con base en los criterios del índice de Deán, mediante inspección visual de las superficies vestibulares de doce dientes. Se estimaron las prevalencias y niveles de severidad de fluorosis dental por edad, sexo y zona de residencia. Resultados: La prevalencia de fluorosis dental fue de 48%, siendo las formas muy leve y leve las más frecuentes con el 30%, mientras que la fluorosis moderada se encontró en el 16% y la severa en el 2%. Conclusiones: La alta prevalencia de fluorosis dental en los niños de 12 y 15 años del municipio de Andes, indica la necesidad de hacer vigilancia del problema, así como implementar medidas orientadas al control del riesgo de fluorosis dental en la población.

Introduction: Dental fluorosis is a problem of oral health that occurs in varying degrees of severity depending on exposure to fluoride during tooth formation, the WHO recommends monitoring this problem in the population. Objetive: To determine prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in children, who visited to the dentist's office during 2014 at the ESE Hospital San Rafael in Andes municipality (Antioquia). Materials and methods: Descriptive, retrospective study of four hundred records of children aged 12 and 15 who visited to the dentist's office during 2014; of which 192 were reported as cases of dental fluorosis, and had been examined by visual inspection of labial surfaces in twelve teeth, according the Dean index. The prevalence and severity levels of dental fluorosis by age, sex and area of residence were estimated. Results: The prevalence of dental fluorosis was 48%, being the most frequent very mild and mild forms with 30%, while moderate fluorosis was 16% and severe 2%. Conclusions: The high prevalence of dental fluorosis in children aged 12 and 15 of Andes municipality, indicate the need to continue monitoring the problem and to implement measures aimed at controlling the risk of dental fluorosis in the population.

Extended source model for diffusive coupling.

Motivated by the prevailing approach to diffusion coupling phenomena which considers point-like diffusing sources, we derived an analogous expression for the concentration rate of change of diffusively coupled extended containers. The proposed equation, together with expressions based on solutions to the diffusion equation, is intended to be applied to the numerical solution of systems exclusively composed of ordinary differential equations, however is able to account for effects due the finite size of the coupled sources.

Tunable diffusive lateral inhibition in chemical cells.

The Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction has become the prototype of nonlinear chemical dynamics. Microfluidic techniques provide a convenient method for emulsifying BZ solutions into monodispersed drops with diameters of tens to hundreds of microns, providing a unique system in which reaction-diffusion theory can be quantitatively tested. In this work, we investigate monolayers of microfluidically generated BZ drops confined in close-packed two-dimensional (2D) arrays through experiments and finite element simulations. We describe the transition from oscillatory to stationary chemical states with increasing coupling strength, controlled by independently varying the reaction chemistry within a drop and diffusive flux between drops. For stationary drops, we studied how the ratio of stationary oxidized to stationary reduced drops varies with coupling strength. In addition, using simulation, we quantified the chemical heterogeneity sufficient to induce mixed stationary and oscillatory patterns.

Mapping knowledge translation and innovation processes in Cancer Drug Development: the case of liposomal doxorubicin.

We explored how the knowledge translation and innovation processes are structured when theyresult in innovations, as in the case of liposomal doxorubicin research. In order to map the processes, a literature network analysis was made through Cytoscape and semantic analysis was performed by GOPubmed which is based in the controlled vocabularies MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) and GO (Gene Ontology). We found clusters related to different stages of the technological development (invention, innovation and imitation) and the knowledge translation process (preclinical, translational and clinical research), and we were able to map the historic emergence of Doxil as a paradigmatic nanodrug. This research could be a powerful methodological tool for decision-making and innovation management in drug delivery research.

Effect of salsalate on insulin action, secretion, and clearance in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals: a randomized, placebo-controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: Salsalate treatment has been shown to improve glucose homeostasis, but the mechanism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of salsalate treatment on insulin action, secretion, and clearance rate in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a randomized (2:1), single-blind, placebo-controlled study of salsalate (3.5 g daily for 4 weeks) in nondiabetic individuals with insulin resistance. All individuals had measurement of glucose tolerance (75-g oral glucose tolerance test), steady-state plasma glucose (SSPG; insulin suppression test), and insulin secretion and clearance rate (graded-glucose infusion test) before and after treatment. RESULTS: Forty-one individuals were randomized to salsalate (n = 27) and placebo (n = 14). One individual from each group discontinued the study. Salsalate improved fasting (% mean change -7% [95% CI -10 to -14] vs. 1% [-3 to 5], P = 0.005) but not postprandial glucose concentration compared with placebo. Salsalate also lowered fasting triglyceride concentration (-25% [-34 to -15] vs. -6% [-26 to 14], P = 0.04). Salsalate had no effect on SSPG concentration or insulin secretion rate but significantly decreased insulin clearance rate compared with placebo (-23% [-30 to -16] vs. 3% [-10 to 15], P < 0.001). Salsalate was well tolerated, but four individuals needed a dose reduction due to symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Salsalate treatment in nondiabetic, insulin-resistant individuals improved fasting, but not postprandial, glucose and triglyceride concentration. These improvements were associated with a decrease in insulin clearance rate without change in insulin action or insulin secretion.

Liposomes versus metallic nanostructures: differences in the process of knowledge translation in cancer.

This research maps the knowledge translation process for two different types of nanotechnologies applied to cancer: liposomes and metallic nanostructures (MNs). We performed a structural analysis of citation networks and text mining supported in controlled vocabularies. In the case of liposomes, our results identify subnetworks (invisible colleges) associated with different therapeutic strategies: nanopharmacology, hyperthermia, and gene therapy. Only in the pharmacological strategy was an organized knowledge translation process identified, which, however, is monopolized by the liposomal doxorubicins. In the case of MNs, subnetworks are not differentiated by the type of therapeutic strategy, and the content of the documents is still basic research. Research on MNs is highly focused on developing a combination of molecular imaging and photothermal therapy.

Combined excitatory and inhibitory coupling in a 1-D array of Belousov-Zhabotinsky droplets.

We study the dynamical behavior of one-dimensional arrays of ∼100 µm diameter aqueous droplets containing the oscillatory Belousov-Zhabotinsky (BZ) reaction, separated by narrow gaps of a fluorinated oil. In this closed system, the malonic acid concentration decreases as the reaction proceeds. Starting with a low initial malonic acid concentration, we observe a series of attractors as a function of time in the following order: anti-phase attractors; in-phase attractors, which evolve into traveling waves; and mixed modes that contain either regions of in-phase droplets separated by anti-phase oscillators, or in-phase oscillators combined with non-oscillatory droplets. Most of the observations are consistent with numerical chemical models of the BZ reaction in which components that participate in the excitatory (bromine dioxide and bromous acid) and inhibitory (bromine) pathways diffuse between the droplets. The models are used to quantitatively assess the inter-drop coupling strength as a function of drop separation, drop size and malonic acid concentration. To experimentally establish the mechanism of excitatory coupling between the BZ droplets, we verify the transport through the fluorinated oil of chlorine dioxide and several weak acids, including malonic acid.

[Translation of knowledge on cervical cancer: is there a gap between research on causes and research on patient care?]. / La traducción del conocimiento en cáncer cervicouterino: ¿una brecha entre la investigación sobre las causas y la investigación sobre la atención al paciente?

This article constructs a map on the translation of knowledge concerning cervical cancer, based on citation networks analysis and the use of Gene Ontology terms and Medical Subject Headings. We identified two areas of research that are poorly interconnected and differ in structure, content, and evolution. One focuses on causes of cancer and the other on patient care. The first research area showed a knowledge translation process where basic research and clinical research are communicated through a set of articles that consolidate human papillomavirus infection as the necessary cause of cervical cancer. The first area aims to prevent HPV infection and the development of cervical cancer, while the second aims to stage and treat the disease.