[A Case of IgG4-Related Disease Arising in Female Periurethra].

A 67-year-old female, with a past medical history of IgG4-related Mikulicz disease, was referred to our department for a periurethral mass revealed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. She presented with weak urine flow a half year before the first consultation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a periurethral mass, 39×39×29 mm, extending from the bladder neck to the urethral meatus. Serum IgG4 level was elevated to 580 mg/dl. Histological examination by the transvasinal biopsy revealed a lymphocytic infiltrate with IgG4-positive plasmacytoid predominance, leading to the diagnosis of IgG4-related disease arising in the periurethra. She was treated with prednisolone for 4 months, and urinary disturbance disappeared. MRI showed that the periurethral mass decreased in size.

[A Case of Ipsilateral Multifocal Renal Cell Carcinoma Treated with Robot-Assisted Partial Nephrectomy].

A 55-year-old male was referred to our hospital for left lower back pain. Computer tomography suggested a left ureteral stone and two left renal tumors at ventral and lateral sites. The ventral tumor measured 7 mm, and it showed intense early enhancement. On the other hand, the lateral tumor measured 22 mm, and it was enhanced weakly. We performed a single-stage robot-assisted partial nephrectomy, because he had chronic renal insufficiency and the two tumors appeared to be different types of renal cell carcinoma. Pathological examination revealed the ventral tumor was clear cell renal cell carcinoma, while the lateral tumor was papillary renal cell carcinoma. He is free of recurrence 1 year and 2 months after operation.

[A Case of Retroperitoneal Primary Castleman's Disease which was Difficult to Differentiate from Liposarcoma].

A 38-year-old man had a right lower retroperitoneal mass found by abdominal echography in a medical examination, and he consulted the internal medicine of Sumitomo Hospital. On the suspicion of malignant lymphoma, he received a laparotomy with biopsy. Pathological examination revealed that the tumor was either benign lymphadenopathy or low-grade malignant lymphoma, and he was follow-up. Two years later, he was introduced to our department because the follow-up computed tomography revealed signs of a tumor and a mass of adjunctive adipose tissue that increased markedly. Thus, we suspected that the tumor was liposarcoma before the operation, and performed retroperitoneal tumor resection. However, we found that the tumor was pathologically a hyaline vascular type of Castleman's disease and the pathological examination showed no malignant cells in the peritumoral adipose tissue. Since Castleman's disease lacks the characteristic symptoms or image findings, the preoperative diagnosis is generally difficult. Cases with growth of the peritumoral adipose tissue are rare, and the differentiation from the liposarcoma is usually difficult. We discussed how to perform the differential diagnosis of Castleman's disease, and especially about the differential diagnosis of liposarcoma.

[A Case of Androgen Insensivity Syndrome with a Seminoma in the Abdominal Undescended Testis].

A 48-year-old female was referred to our hospital for further urological examination of primary amenorrhea. She had been suffering from amenorrhea since 12 years old. Although she had normal female external genitalia, she had a blind-ended vagina with complete absence of the uterus.Laboratory tests showed high testosterone level and the 46 XY karyotype. Thus, our diagnosis was androgen insensivity syndrome. Magnetic resonance imaging showed bilateral intra-abdominal testes. We performed laparoscopic bilateral gonadalectomy. Pathological diagnosis was seminoma in the right gonad. She is free of recurrence 6 months after operation.

[A CASE OF PARATESTICULAR FIBROUS HAMARTOMA OF INFANCY].

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI) is a rare, benign soft tissue tumor arising from subcutaneous tissue in children during the first two years of life. The tumor is commonly found in the axilla, shoulder and upper arm. Paratesticular FHI is extremely rare. To date, only a case of paratesticular FHI has been reported in Japan. We present a case of paratesticular FHI in an 11-month-old boy who eventually needed orchiectomy due to local recurrence one month after the excision of the tumor. Ten months postoperatively, there was no sign of recurrence.

[A CASE OF PELVIC FRACTURE URETHRAL INJURY RECONSTRUCTED BY DEFERRED URETHROPLASTY].

We report a case of pelvic fracture urethral injury reconstructed by anastomotic urethroplasty. A 24-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of pelvic trauma accompanying ischial fracture. Retrograde urethrography showed urethral disruption and suprapubic catheter was inserted. One week later, we underwent endoscopic realignment. Three months later, we removed the Foley balloon catheter after we had checked that there was no stricture by the voiding cystourethrogram. However, 5 days after that, he came to our hospital because of urinary retention. Cystoscopy detected urinary stricture between bulbar and membranous urethra. We decided to do deferred urethroplasty. Five months after that we performed anastomotic urethroplasty. He was discharged 31 days after the operation. No stricture has been detected for 7 months postoperatively.

Postoperative early ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen identifies patients at risk for biochemical recurrence in margin positive prostate cancers: a single-center study.

OBJECTIVE: To identify predictors for biochemical recurrence among patients with positive surgical margins (RM1) after radical prostatectomy and to examine the effect of ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen measured early after prostatectomy on biochemical recurrence. METHODS: We identified 705 patients with prostate cancer who were treated with radical prostatectomy without preoperative hormonal therapy at our institution between 2000 and 2014. The patients with RM1 who had a postoperative prostate-specific antigen <0.2 ng/ml without lymph node metastasis were evaluated for biochemical recurrence-free survival. Survival rates were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The prediction of biochemical recurrence was assessed using area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic. RESULTS: Among the 705 patients, 190 (27%) had RM1. Biochemical recurrence was evaluated in 164 patients, excluding 26 patients who underwent adjuvant therapy with or without lymph node metastasis. With a median follow-up of 55 months, the biochemical recurrence-free survival rate of the entire RM1 cohort was 78% at 2 years and 64% at 4 years. The multivariate analysis revealed that postoperative early ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen >0.02 ng/ml was the significant risk factor for biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio 13.10). Meanwhile, the patients with postoperative early ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen <0.01 ng/ml had a significantly lower risk for biochemical recurrence (hazard ratio 0.12). Area under the curve for the postoperative early ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen value to predict biochemical recurrence was 0.789. CONCLUSIONS: The ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen value measured early after prostatectomy was the potent predictor of biochemical recurrence among the patients with RM1.

[A Case of Renal Cell Carcinoma with Malignant Pleural Effusion Showing Marked Response to Axitinib].

A 36-year-old woman had undergone left radical nephrectomy followed by interferon-α and sunitinib for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma with para-aortic lymph node and lung involvements (papillary renal cell carcinoma, G3, cT3aN1M1) in the previous hospital. She was referred to our hospital for further treatment and received serial molecular targeted agents (everolimus, sorafenib, sunitinib) and radiation therapy for right ischial and femoral bone metastases. Then she was found to have multiple metastatic lesions in the lungs and carcinomatous pleural effusion associated with dyspnea. After failure of pleurosclerosis with OK-432, the pleural effusion markedly reduced by axitinib administration, but the pleural effusion relapsed a few days after axitinib was discontinued. For this reason, axitinib was maintained in spite of appearance of new metastatic lesions in the brain. The pleural effusion was well-controlled for 16 months but she died of progressive disease, including metastatic lesions in the brain and in the lungs.

[A Case of Steroid Sulfatase Deficiency Complicated by Bilateral Undescended Testis].

Steroid sulfatase (STS) deficiency is one of the causes of ichthyoses. STS genes on the X chromosome is responsible for this disease. Therefore, STS deficiency is also called X-linked ichthyosis. Herein we report a case of STS deficiency complicated by bilateral undescended testis. A5-year-old-boy with STS deficiency was referred to our hospital because of bilateral undescended testis. We performed bilateral orchiopexy.

Impact of prior abdominal surgery on the outcomes after robotic - assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: single center experience

ABSTRACT Purpose: To evaluate the influence of prior abdominal surgery on the outcomes after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed patients with prostate cancer who underwent RALP between June 2012 and February 2015 at our institution. Patients with prior abdominal surgery were compared with those without prior surgery while considering the mean total operating, console, and port-insertion times; mean estimated blood loss; positive surgical margin rate; mean duration of catheterization; and rate of complications. Results: A total of 203 patients who underwent RALP during the study period were included in this study. In all, 65 patients (32%) had a prior history of abdominal surgery, whereas 138 patients (68%) had no prior history. The total operating, console, and port-insertion times were 328 and 308 (P=0.06), 252 and 242 (P=0.28), and 22 and 17 minutes (P=0.01), respectively, for patients with prior and no prior surgery. The estimated blood losses, positive surgical margin rates, mean durations of catheterization, and complication rates were 197 and 170 mL (P=0.29), 26.2% and 20.2% (P=0.32), 7.1 and 6.8 days (P=0.74), and 12.3% and 8.7% (P=0.42), respectively. Furthermore, whether prior abdominal surgery was performed above or below the umbilicus or whether single or multiple surgeries were performed did not further affect the perioperative outcomes. Conclusions: Our results suggest that RALP can be performed safely in patients with prior abdominal surgery, without increasing the risk of complications.

Impact of prior abdominal surgery on the outcomes after robotic - assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: single center experience.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the influence of prior abdominal surgery on the outcomes after robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients with prostate cancer who underwent RALP between June 2012 and February 2015 at our institution. Patients with prior abdominal surgery were compared with those without prior surgery while considering the mean total operating, console, and port-insertion times; mean estimated blood loss; positive surgical margin rate; mean duration of catheterization; and rate of complications. RESULTS: A total of 203 patients who underwent RALP during the study period were included in this study. In all, 65 patients (32%) had a prior history of abdominal surgery, whereas 138 patients (68%) had no prior history. The total operating, console, and port-insertion times were 328 and 308 (P=0.06), 252 and 242 (P=0.28), and 22 and 17 minutes (P=0.01), respectively, for patients with prior and no prior surgery. The estimated blood losses, positive surgical margin rates, mean durations of catheterization, and complication rates were 197 and 170 mL (P=0.29), 26.2% and 20.2% (P=0.32), 7.1 and 6.8 days (P=0.74), and 12.3% and 8.7% (P=0.42), respectively. Furthermore, whether prior abdominal surgery was performed above or below the umbilicus or whether single or multiple surgeries were performed did not further affect the perioperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Our results suggest that RALP can be performed safely in patients with prior abdominal surgery, without increasing the risk of complications.

[Removal of a Foreign Body in the Urinary Bladder in a Patient Four Times in the Past Thirty Years].

We report a case of recurring foreign bodies in the urinary bladder. A 67-year-old male inserted a foreign body into the urinary bladder during masturbation. Eight months later, he experienced a fever and went to a hospital where ultrasonography revealed a foreign body in his urinary bladder. Then, he was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. The patient's surgical record indicated that he had undergone the same operation 3 times in the past thirty years. The inserted foreign body was successfully removed by suprapubic cystotomy, and he was discharged 13 days after the operation. He was also evaluated by psychiatrists, but they diagnosed that he had no mental disorder. To our knowledge, this is the first report on the removal of a foreign body in the urinary bladder four times in the same patient.

[The Vaginal Metastasis of Ureteral Carcinoma after Left Nephroureterectomy: A Case Report].

69-year-old woman underwent left nephroureterectomy for left ureteral cancer (urothelial carcinoma (UC), high grade, pT3pN0) in September 2013. She returned to our hospital presenting with asymptomatic macrohematuria in July 2014. Cystoscopy showed tiny papillary tumors in the bladder. We also found genital bleeding from multiple papillary tumors on the vaginal wall. We performed transurethral resection of the bladder tumor and a biopsy of the vaginal wall demonstrated non-invasive UC, high grade. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging after the operation showed no infiltration outside the bladder wall and vaginal wall. Therefore, we performed endoscopic excision of the vaginal tumor. However we could not resect all vaginal tumors. Irradiation of the vagina and uterus was performed under the diagnosis of metastasis of UC tovagina. Vaginal UC is extremely rare and this is the 26th case report in the literature.

[Emphysematous Cystitis and Acute Focal Bacterial Nephritis: A Case Report].

A 96-year-old woman was diagnosed with colitis in our hospital. Her past history was breast cancer and lung cancer but no diabetes mellitus. She suddenly complained of lower abdominal pain. Abdominal computed tomography (CT) revealed intramural gas in the bladder wall and multiple poor contrasting area in her right kidney, which suggested emphysematous cystitis and acute focal bacterial nephritis. Indwelling urethral catheter was performed for bladder drainage and the treatment with antibiotics started. Urine culture revealed Klebsiella pneumoniae and blood culture was negative. After 3 weeks, the abdominal CT confirmed the decrease of gas within the bladder wall and improvement of contrasting area in the right kidney.

Desperation surgery for a chemorefractory lung lesion in a patient with an extragonadal germ cell tumor.

We report a case of recurrent and chemorefractory extragonadal germ cell tumor successfully treated with desperation surgery. A 25-year-old man presented with a mediastinal tumor with multiple lung metastases. Serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) level was elevated. He was diagnosed with a mediastinal germ cell tumor (GCT) with multiple lung metastases. After second-line chemotherapy, serum hCG levels normalized. After a total of 10 cycles of chemotherapy, the mediastinal tumor was resected, with no viable tumor detected in the resected tissue. One month after the resection, serum hCG increased, accompanied by the appearance of a new lesion in the lung. After various regimens of salvage chemotherapies, serum hCG failed to normalize. Then, salvage surgery for the lung metastasis was performed. The resected tissue contained a viable choriocarcinoma. The patient remained free of disease without adjuvant therapy at 38 months after pneumonectomy.

[Traumatic Testicular Rupture Complicated with Hydrocele: A Case Report].

A 17-year-old man presented with right hydrocele because of an athletic injury. His scrotum was hit with a ball 2 months ago while playing baseball. He was diagnosed with post-traumatic hydrocele and underwent needle puncture at another hospital 1 month after the trauma. However, the hydrocele did not improve. Therefore, he was referred to our hospital for surgical treatment. For diagnosis of the traumatic hydrocele testis, a hydrocelectomy was scheduled. When we opened the tunica vaginalis, we realized that the tunica albuginea had been ruptured and the testicular parenchyma had gushed out. We tried to replace all the escaped testicular parenchyma into the tunica albuginea, but it was impossible. Therefore were moved some of the redundant testicular parenchyma, and replaced the remnants into the tunica albuginea. After the operation, right hydrocele and testicular atrophy did not occur. Traumatic testicular rupture complicated with hydrocele is rare.

[A Case of Perirenal Inflammatory Liposarcoma].

A 65-year-old man had been hospitalized for examination of melena at a separate facility. Computed tomography (CT) showed left renal mass and he was referred to our hospital. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a tumor without adipose components in the perirenal space. Preoperative diagnosis was retroperitoneal malignant tumor. Tumor excision and left nephrectomy were performed. Pathologic evaluation revealed inflammatory liposarcoma. He has been followed up for 10 months with no additional treatment and no evidence of local recurrence was seen.