Effect of 3D-Printed Honeycomb Core on Compressive Property of Hybrid Energy Absorbers: Experimental Testing and Optimization Analysis.

This paper presents an innovative method of constructing energy absorbers, whose primary function is to effectively transform kinetic energy into strain energy in events with high deformation rates. Hybrid specimens are proposed considering thin-walled windowed metallic tubes filled with 3D-printed hexagonal honeycombs made of PET-G and ABS thermoplastic. The patterned windows dimensions vary from 20 × 20, 20 × 30, 15 × 20 and 15 × 30 mm2. Although using polymers in engineering and thin-walled sections is not new, their combination has not been explored in this type of structure designed to withstand impacts. Specimens resist out-of-plane quasi-static axial loading, and test results are analyzed, demonstrating that polymer core gives the samples better performance parameters than unfilled samples regarding energy absorption (Ea), load rate (LR), and structural effectiveness (η). An optimization procedure using specialized software was applied to evaluate experimental results, which led to identifying the optimal window geometry (16.4 × 20 mm2, in case) and polymer to be used (ABS). The optimized sample was constructed and tested for axial compression to validate the optimization outcomes. The results reveal that the optimal sample performed similarly to the estimated parameters, making this geometry the best choice under the test conditions.

Religiosidade e espiritualidade no cuidado da saúde e o impacto na vida de pessoas com doenças crônicas / Religiosity and spirituality in health care and the impact on life / Religiosidad y espiritualidad en el cuidado de la salud y elimpacto en la vida

Objetivo: Descrever a influência da religiosidade e espiritualidade no cuidado da saúde, com ênfase nas seguintes doenças crônicas: diabetes, doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica, doenças cardiovasculares e renais. Método:Revisão sistemática realizada nas bases de dados Latindex, Pubmed e SciELO. As palavras-chave utilizadas foram: "religiosidade" OR "espiritualidade" AND "cuidados da saúde" AND "doenças crônicas" e seus equivalentes no idioma inglês: "religiosity" OR "spirituality" AND "health care" AND "Chronic disease". Foram selecionados artigos nos idiomas português e inglês, publicados nos últimos dez anos. Resultados:Foram encontrados 3.686 artigos. Após leitura e análise criteriosa foram selecionados 14 artigos finais. Os benefícios que aparecem nos estudos estão relacionados com mudanças no estilo de vida, redução de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, que o diagnóstico de doença crônica carrega, estimulando o maior enfrentamento as doenças e maior adesão aos tratamentos, contribuindo de forma geral para o bem-estar e melhora da saúde desta população. Conclusão:Indivíduos portadores de doenças crônicas que usam a R/E no enfrentamento da doença, apresentam um impacto positivo no cuidado das mesmas e melhor qualidade de vida.

Objective: To describe the influence of religiosity and spirituality in health care, with emphasis on the following chronic diseases: diabetes, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cardiovascular and renal diseases. Method:Systematic review performed in the databases Latindex, Pubmed and SciELO. The keywords used were: "religiosity" OR "spirituality" AND "health care" AND "chronic diseases" and their equivalents in the English language: "religiosity" OR "spirituality" AND "health care" AND "Chronic disease". Articles in Portuguese and English, published in the last ten years, were selected. Results: A total of 3,686 articles were found. After careful reading and analysis, 14 final articles were selected. The benefits that appear in the studies are related to changes in lifestyle, reduction of depression, anxiety and stress, which the diagnosis of chronic disease carries, stimulating greater coping with diseases and greater adherence to treatments, contributing in a general way to the well-being and improvement of the health of this population. Conclusion:Individuals with chronic diseases who use R/E in coping with the disease have a positive impact on their care and better quality of life

Objetivo: Describir la influencia de la religiosidad y la espiritualidad en el cuidado de la salud, con énfasis en las siguientes enfermedades crónicas: diabetes, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, enfermedades cardiovasculares y renales. Método:Revisión sistemática realizada en las bases de datos Latindex, Pubmed y SciELO. Las palabras clave utilizadas fueron: "religiosidad" O "espiritualidad" Y "cuidado de la salud" Y "enfermedades crónicas" y sus equivalentes en el idioma inglés: "religiosidad" O "espiritualidad" Y "atención médica" Y "enfermedad crónica". Se seleccionaron artículos en portugués e inglés, publicados en los últimos diez años.Resultados:Se encontraron un total de 3.686 artículos. Después de una cuidadosa lectura y análisis, se seleccionaron 14 artículos finales. Los beneficios que aparecen en los estudios están relacionados con cambios en el estilo de vida, reducción de la depresión, ansiedad y estrés, que conlleva el diagnóstico de enfermedad crónica, estimulando un mayor afrontamiento de las enfermedades y una mayor adherencia a los tratamientos, contribuyendo de manera general al bienestar y mejora de la salud de esta población. Conclusión:Los individuos con enfermedades crónicas que utilizan R/E en el afrontamiento de la enfermedad tienen un impacto positivo en su cuidado y una mejor calidad de vida.

An econometric analysis for the determinants of flight speed in the air transport of passengers.

Accurately determining an aircraft's flight speed is crucial for optimizing airline performance, as it directly impacts factors such as fuel consumption and emissions. Flying at speeds higher than what is recommended by the manufacturer can result in increased fuel burn. However, flying at slower speeds may lead to longer flight times and competitive disadvantages for airlines as passengers typically prefer shorter travel times. This study empirically investigates the driving forces in the decision-making process of airlines when setting flight speeds to reduce costs while maintaining the quality of service provided to customers. We develop econometric models of planned flight cruise speed and actual mean flight speed. We analyze a vast amount of data, comprising millions of domestic flights within Brazil. Our results allow for policy recommendations that identify opportunities for improvements in airline flight operations optimization, with implications for the environmental footprint of commercial aviation.

Testing the differentiated impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on air travel demand considering social inclusion.

The economic downturn and the air travel crisis triggered by the recent coronavirus pandemic pose a substantial threat to the new consumer class of many emerging economies. In Brazil, considerable improvements in social inclusion have fostered the emergence of hundreds of thousands of first-time fliers over the past decades. We apply a two-step regression methodology in which the first step consists of identifying air transport markets characterized by greater social inclusion, using indicators of the local economies' income distribution, credit availability, and access to the Internet. In the second step, we inspect the drivers of the plunge in air travel demand since the pandemic began, differentiating markets by their predicted social inclusion intensity. After controlling for potential endogeneity stemming from the spread of COVID-19 through air travel, our results suggest that short and low-density routes are among the most impacted airline markets and that business-oriented routes are more impacted than leisure ones. Finally, we estimate that a market with 1% higher social inclusion is associated with a 0.153%-0.166% more pronounced decline in demand during the pandemic. Therefore, markets that have benefited from greater social inclusion in the country may be the most vulnerable to the current crisis.

The geographic concentrations of air traffic and economic development: A spatiotemporal analysis of their association and decoupling in Brazil.

This paper examines the evolution of the geographic concentration of the Brazilian air transport network with a focus on its determinants and possible detachments from the spatial patterns of socioeconomic activity. We develop an econometric framework employing and contrasting the results of Gini, Herfindahl-Hirschman and Theil indexes, with and without normalisation to account for economic and demographic spatial dynamics. Our results suggest that the spatial dynamics of the air network and that of the country's economy and population are strongly tied for the majority of the considered determinants. However, we find suggestive evidence that the time trend after deregulation has produced some asymmetries in the evolution of these dimensions. As such, our analysis presents some implications for airline network planning and regulators, as it offers additional information to be considered for the understanding of extra-economic and extra-demographic impacts which may be inducive of significant changes in air transport markets.

Isometric exercises have high responsiveness to lower limbs / Exercícios isométricos possuem alta responsividade para membros inferiores

INTRODUCTION: For post-surgical rehabilitation of the anterior cruciate ligament, the medialis and the lateralis vastus need to be worked on for good recovery. There is the discussion about the isometric and isotonic exercises to be used in the rehabilitation phase, and their results diverge in the literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to compare the activation of the medialis and the lateralis vastus in isometric and isotonic exercises. METHODS: Eleven subjects (seven men and four women) physically active and experienced in resistance training participated in the study. Anamnesis, anthropometric assessment, 10 Repetition maximum (RM) load test, maximum voluntary isometric contraction test and squat test were performed. RESULTS: For the vastus lateralis of the right leg, the electromyographic activity was significantly higher in the maximal isometric voluntary contraction compared to the dynamic squatting (p<0.05). The same was observed for the left leg (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Recruitment of the medial and the lateral vastus in isometric exercises is higher in relation to isotonic exercises.

INTRODUÇÃO: Para a reabilitação pós-cirúrgica do ligamento cruzado anterior, os vastos medial e lateral precisam ser trabalhados visando uma boa recuperação. Discute-se a respeito dos exercícios isométricos e isotônicos a serem utilizados na fase de reabilitação, tendo seus resultados divergentes na literatura. OBJETIVO: Assim, o objetivo do presente estudo é comparar a ativação dos vastos medial e lateral em exercícios isométricos e isotônicos. MÉTODOS: Participaram deste estudo 11 sujeitos (sete homens e quatro mulheres), fisicamente ativos e com experiência em musculação. Foi realizada a anamnese, a avaliação antropométrica, o teste de carga de 10 repetições máximas (RM), o teste de contração voluntária isométrica máxima e o teste de agachamento. RESULTADOS: No vasto lateral da coxa direita, a atividade eletromiográfica foi significativamente maior na contração voluntária isométrica máxima em relação ao agachamento dinâmico (p<0,05). O mesmo foi observado na coxa esquerda (p<0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O recrutamento dos vastos medial e lateral em exercícios isométricos é maior em relação a exercícios isotônicos.

Sofrimento psíquico e a psicodinâmica no ambiente de trabalho do enfermeiro: revisão integrativa / Psychic suffering and psychodynamics in the nurse's work environment: an integrative review / El sufrimiento psicológico y la psicodinámica en el entorno laboral del enfermero: una revisión integradora

OBJETIVO: Analisar as produções científicas a fim de identificar a existência de prazer e sofrimento psíquico no ambiente do trabalho do enfermeiro e a relação com seu estado emocional. MÉTODO: Revisão integrativa da literatura a partir da busca com os descritores Enfermeiros, Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e Sofrimento Psíquico, nas bases de dados LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, MEDLINE e SCIELO, incluindo artigos publicados entre 2015 e 2019. RESULTADO: Os 20 artigos analisados posicionaram-se como favoráveis a existência de prazer e sofrimento no trabalho da Enfermagem. CONCLUSÃO: o sofrimento psíquico do enfermeiro é um fator que interfere em sua vida pessoal e profissional, devendo se popularizar o debate acerca dos mecanismos para confrontar o sentimento de sofrimento no ambiente de trabalho.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze scientific productions in order to identify the existence of pleasure and psychic suffering in the work environment of nurses and the relation with their emotional state. METHOD: An integrative literature review based on the search with the following keywords: Nurses, Work Psychodynamics and Psychic Suffering, in the LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, MEDLINE and SCIELO databases, including articles published between 2015 and 2019. RESULTS: The 20 analyzed articles were positioned as favorable to the existence of pleasure and suffering in the Nursing work. CONCLUSION: The nurse's psychic suffering is a factor that interferes in their personal and professional life, and the debate about the mechanisms to confront the feeling of suffering in the work environment should become popular.

OBJETIVO: Analizar las producciones científicas para identificar la existencia de placer y sufrimiento psíquico en el entorno laboral de los enfermeros y la relación con su estado emocional. MÉTODO: Revisión bibliográfica integral basada en la búsqueda con los descriptores Enfermeros, Psicodinámica del Trabajo y Sufrimiento Psíquico, en las bases de datos LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, MEDLINE y SCIELO, con inclusión de artículos publicados entre 2015 y 2019. RESULTADOS: Los 20 artículos analizados se posicionaron como favorables a la existencia del placer y sufrimiento en el trabajo de enfermería. CONCLUSION: el sufrimiento psíquico del enfermero es un factor que interfiere en su vida personal y profesional, y debe extenderse el debate sobre los mecanismos para enfrentar la sensación de sufrimiento en el lugar de trabajo.

Topical cyclosporine A 0. 05% before and after surgery to prevent pterygium recurrence / Ciclosporina A 0, 05% antes e após a cirurgia do pterígio para a prevenção da recorrência

ABSTRACT Purpose: We evaluated the role of the conjunctival flap rotation technique using 5-fluorouracil and adjuvant therapy with topical cyclosporine A at 0.05% during short pre- and postoperative periods for the prevention of primary pterygium recurrence. Methods: In this prospective study, 76 patients with primary pterygium (76 eyes) were categorized into two groups: the control group with 31 patients who did not receive cyclosporine treatment, and the cyclosporine group with 45 patients who received topical cyclosporine A (0.05%) twice a day, for 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium excision operations. Patients were examined for disease recurrence, side effects, and complications at 10 and 21 days, and at 2 and 6 months after the operation. Data on demography, systemic diseases, and ophthalmologic histories were obtained from all patients, and these data were analyzed using descriptive statistics involving the absolute and relative percentages of frequency distribution. Goodman test was used for contrasts among multinomial populations to study the association between cyclosporine A and recurrence. Results: Most patients were between 30 and 60 years of age, and 67.1% were women. We confirmed a higher recurrence in patients with occupational sunlight exposure. The cyclosporine A used topically 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium removal did not significantly reduce the recurrence of the pterygium. Conclusion: Topical 0.05% cyclosporine A when used for 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium removal does not prevent or reduce the recurrence of primary pterygium.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliamos os resultados da técnica de rotação de retalho conjuntival com uso de 5-fluorouracil e terapia adjuvante com ciclosporina A tópica a 0,05%, usada no pré e pós-operatório por curto período, quanto à prevenção da recidiva do pterígio primário Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, com 76 pacientes portadores de pterígio primário (76 olhos), divididos em dois grupos: controle com 31 pacientes que não receberam tratamento com ciclosporina e grupo ciclosporina com 45 pacientes que receberam ciclosporina tópica A (0,05%) duas vezes ao dia, por 10 dias antes e 10 dias após a cirurgia de excisão do pterígio. Os pacientes foram avaliados quanto à recorrência, efeitos colaterais e complicações com 10, 21 dias, 2 e 6 meses de pós-operatório. Dados demográficos, doenças sistêmicas e histórico oftalmológico foram coletados de todos os pacientes e esses dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva envolvendo o percentual absoluto e relativo de distribuição de frequência. O teste de Goodman para contrastes entre populações multinomiais foi utilizado para o estudo da associação entre a ciclosporina A e a recorrência Resultados: A maioria dos pacientes tinha entre 30 e 60 anos e 67,1% eram mulheres. Confirmamos uma maior recorrência em pacientes com exposição ocupacional ao sol. A ciclosporina A tópica utilizada 10 dias antes e 10 dias após a remoção do pterígio não reduziu significativamente a sua recorrência Conclusão: A ciclosporina A tópica a 0,05% quando utilizada por 10 dias no pré e 10 dias no pós-operatório, não previne ou reduz a recidiva do pterígio primário significativamente.

Topical cyclosporine A 0.05% before and after surgery to prevent pterygium recurrence.

PURPOSE: We evaluated the role of the conjunctival flap rotation technique using 5-fluorouracil and adjuvant therapy with topical cyclosporine A at 0.05% during short pre- and postoperative periods for the prevention of primary pterygium recurrence. METHODS: In this prospective study, 76 patients with primary pterygium (76 eyes) were categorized into two groups: the control group with 31 patients who did not receive cyclosporine treatment, and the cyclosporine group with 45 patients who received topical cyclosporine A (0.05%) twice a day, for 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium excision operations. Patients were examined for disease recurrence, side effects, and complications at 10 and 21 days, and at 2 and 6 months after the operation. Data on demography, systemic diseases, and ophthalmologic histories were obtained from all patients, and these data were analyzed using descriptive statistics involving the absolute and relative percentages of frequency distribution. Goodman test was used for contrasts among multinomial populations to study the association between cyclosporine A and recurrence. RESULTS: Most patients were between 30 and 60 years of age, and 67.1% were women. We confirmed a higher recurrence in patients with occupational sunlight exposure. The cyclosporine A used topically 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium removal did not significantly reduce the recurrence of the pterygium. CONCLUSION: Topical 0.05% cyclosporine A when used for 10 days before and 10 days after the pterygium removal does not prevent or reduce the recurrence of primary pterygium.

Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training / Termorregulação durante o Exercício em Ratos Hipertensos: Efeitos do Treinamento Físico

Abstract Background: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show deficit in thermal balance during physical exercise. Objective: To assess the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal balance of hypertensive rats undergoing an acute exercise protocol. Methods: Sixteen-week-old male Wistar rats and SHR were allocated into four groups: control Wistar rats (C-WIS), trained Wistar (T-WIS), control SHR (C-SHR) and trained SHR (T-SHR). Treadmill exercise training was performed for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and total exercise time was measured before and after the physical exercise program. After the exercise program, a temperature sensor was implanted in the abdominal cavity, and the animals subjected to an acute exercise protocol, during which internal body temperature, tail skin temperature and oxygen consumption until fatigue were continuously recorded. Mechanical efficiency (ME), work, heat dissipation threshold and sensitivity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at 5%. Results: Physical training and hypertension had no effect on thermal balance during physical exercise. Compared with C-WIS, the T-WIS group showed higher heat production, which was counterbalanced by higher heat dissipation. Hypertensive rats showed lower ME than normotensive rats, which was not reversed by the physical training. Conclusion: Low-intensity physical training did not affect thermal balance in SHR subjected to acute exercise.

Resumo Fundamento: Ratos espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR) apresentam déficits no balanço térmico durante o exercício físico. Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento físico de baixa intensidade sobre o balanço térmico de ratos hipertensos submetidos a um protocolo de exercício físico agudo. Métodos: Ratos machos Wistar e SHR, com 16 semanas de idade, foram divididos em quatro grupos experimentais: Wistar controle (WIS-C), Wistar treinado (WIS-T), SHR controle (SHR-C) e SHR treinado (SHR-T). O treinamento físico em esteira rolante foi realizado durante 12 semanas. A pressão arterial, a frequência cardíaca de repouso e o tempo de exercício foram medidos previamente e após o programa de treinamento físico. Após o programa de treinamento físico, um sensor de temperatura foi implantado na região intraperitoneal e os ratos foram submetidos a um protocolo de exercício físico agudo com registros contínuos da temperatura corporal interna, temperatura da pele da cauda e do consumo de oxigênio até a fadiga. A eficiência mecânica (EM), o trabalho, o limiar e a sensibilidade para dissipação de calor foram calculados. Para as análises estatísticas o nível de significância adotado foi de 5%. Resultados: O treinamento físico e a hipertensão arterial não alteraram o balanço térmico durante o exercício físico. O grupo WIS-T quando comparado ao WIS-C, apresentou maior produção de calor, que foi contrabalanceado por uma maior dissipação de calor. Os animais hipertensos apresentaram menor EM em comparação aos animais normotensos, e o treinamento físico não foi capaz de reverter esta alteração. Conclusão: O treinamento físico de baixa intensidade não provocou alterações no balanço térmico de ratos hipertensos submetidos a um protocolo de exercício físico agudo.

Thermoregulation in Hypertensive Rats during Exercise: Effects of Physical Training.

BACKGROUND: Spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) show deficit in thermal balance during physical exercise. OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of low-intensity physical exercise training on thermal balance of hypertensive rats undergoing an acute exercise protocol. METHODS: Sixteen-week-old male Wistar rats and SHR were allocated into four groups: control Wistar rats (C-WIS), trained Wistar (T-WIS), control SHR (C-SHR) and trained SHR (T-SHR). Treadmill exercise training was performed for 12 weeks. Blood pressure, resting heart rate and total exercise time was measured before and after the physical exercise program. After the exercise program, a temperature sensor was implanted in the abdominal cavity, and the animals subjected to an acute exercise protocol, during which internal body temperature, tail skin temperature and oxygen consumption until fatigue were continuously recorded. Mechanical efficiency (ME), work, heat dissipation threshold and sensitivity were calculated. Statistical significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: Physical training and hypertension had no effect on thermal balance during physical exercise. Compared with C-WIS, the T-WIS group showed higher heat production, which was counterbalanced by higher heat dissipation. Hypertensive rats showed lower ME than normotensive rats, which was not reversed by the physical training. CONCLUSION: Low-intensity physical training did not affect thermal balance in SHR subjected to acute exercise.

Functional morphology and paleoecology of Pilosa (Xenarthra, Mammalia) based on a two-dimensional geometric Morphometrics study of the Humerus.

The relationship between humerus shape and the modes of exploring substrate among extinct and extant Pilosa (especially anteaters and ground sloths) were investigated here. We used geometric morphometrics and discriminant analyses to relate morphological patterns and their possible ecological categories. Our results suggest that plesiomorphic taxa such as Nothrotheriidae, most Megalonychidae and basal Megatheriidae tend to have more slender humerus, associated to generalist habitus (climbing, swimming and digging activities), and while Mylodontidae developed specialized digging habitus. Additionally, we inferred ground sloths which inhabited the Brazilian territory during the Quaternary likely occupied at least four different niches. Mammals display morphofunctional adaptations on the limbs which are reflected on their modes of substrate exploration. Herein, we analyzed the humerus morphology of ground sloths and anteaters. Our results suggest that most of the Pleistocene Mylodonts were fossorial taxa, while most of the Santacrucian sloths plus extant anteaters were semiarboreal or semiaquatic taxa. The Pleistocene Megatheriidae should be ambulatory.

Capacidade funcional e percepção do bem-estar de idosas das academias da terceira idade / Functional capacity and perception of well-being of elderly women in third age gyms abstract

A velhice bem-sucedida envolve, dentre inúmeros fatores, a independência e a boa percepção de bem-estar. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a capacidade funcional e a percepção de bem-estar de idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos nas academias da terceira idade (ATI). Foram avaliadas 42 idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos nas ATI. Foi utilizado o protocolo intitulado “Ficha de Auto-Avaliação da Capacidade Funcional” a Escala de Auto-Percepção de Bem-estar. A média da autoavaliação da capacidade funcional foi de 17,2±0,9, variando os escores entre 15 a 18 pontos, ou seja, todas as idosas se autoclassificaram com a capacidade funcional alta. Sobre a percepção do bem-estar, idosas obtiveram uma média em pontos de 49,5±6,6, com escore mínimo de 34 e máximo de 58, classificando-as também com escores máximos. Conclui-se que é alta a capacidade funcional e a percepção de bem-estar de idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos nas ATI. (AU)

A successful old age involves, among many factors, independence and good sense of well- being. To evaluate the functional capacity and the perception of well-being of elderly practitioners of physical exercises in gyms seniors (ITAs). A total of 42 elderly women engaged in physical exercises in the ITA. It was used the protocol entitled "Self-Assessment Form Functional Capacity" Self-Perception Wellbeing Scale. The mean self assessment of functional capacity was 17.2 ± 0.9, ranging scores 15 to 18 points, meaning all older self classified with high functional capacity. On the perception of well-being, older had an average of 49.5 ± 6.6 points with a minimum score of 34 and maximum of 58, classifying them with maximum scores well. We conclude that there is a high functional capacity and the perception of well-being practitioners of physical exercise in older ITAs. (AU)

Capacidade funcional e percepção do bem-estar de idosas das academias da terceira idade / Functional capacity and perception of well-being of elderly women in third age gyms abstract

A velhice bem-sucedida envolve, dentre inúmeros fatores, a independência e a boa percepção de bem-estar. O objetivo deste artigo é avaliar a capacidade funcional e a percepção de bem-estar de idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos nas academias da terceira idade (ATI). Foram avaliadas 42 idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos nas ATI. Foi utilizado o protocolo intitulado “Ficha de Auto-Avaliação da Capacidade Funcional” a Escala de Auto-Percepção de Bem-estar. A média da autoavaliação da capacidade funcional foi de 17,2±0,9, variando os escores entre 15 a 18 pontos, ou seja, todas as idosas se autoclassificaram com a capacidade funcional alta. Sobre a percepção do bem-estar, idosas obtiveram uma média em pontos de 49,5±6,6, com escore mínimo de 34 e máximo de 58, classificando-as também com escores máximos. Conclui-se que é alta a capacidade funcional e a percepção de bem-estar de idosas praticantes de exercícios físicos nas ATI.

A successful old age involves, among many factors, independence and good sense of well- being. To evaluate the functional capacity and the perception of well-being of elderly practitioners of physical exercises in gyms seniors (ITAs). A total of 42 elderly women engaged in physical exercises in the ITA. It was used the protocol entitled "Self-Assessment Form Functional Capacity" Self-Perception Wellbeing Scale. The mean self assessment of functional capacity was 17.2 ± 0.9, ranging scores 15 to 18 points, meaning all older self classified with high functional capacity. On the perception of well-being, older had an average of 49.5 ± 6.6 points with a minimum score of 34 and maximum of 58, classifying them with maximum scores well. We conclude that there is a high functional capacity and the perception of well-being practitioners of physical exercise in older ITAs.

Inhibition of PDE5 Restores Depressed Baroreflex Sensitivity in Renovascular Hypertensive Rats.

Renal artery stenosis is frequently associated with resistant hypertension, which is defined as failure to normalize blood pressure (BP) even when combined drugs are used. Inhibition of PDE5 by sildenafil has been shown to increase endothelial function and decrease blood pressure in experimental models. However, no available study evaluated the baroreflex sensitivity nor autonomic balance in renovascular hypertensive rats treated with sildenafil. In a translational medicine perspective, our hypothesis is that sildenafil could improve autonomic imbalance and baroreflex sensitivity, contributing to lower blood pressure. Renovascular hypertensive 2-kidney-1-clip (2K1C) and sham rats were treated with sildenafil (45 mg/Kg/day) during 7 days. At the end of treatment, BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded in conscious rats after a 24-h-recovery period. Spontaneous and drug-induced baroreflex sensitivity and autonomic tone were evaluated; in addition, lipid peroxidation was measured in plasma samples. Treatment was efficient in increasing both spontaneous and induced baroreflex sensitivity in treated hypertensive animals. Inhibition of PDE5 was also capable of ameliorating autonomic imbalance in 2K1C rats and decreasing systemic oxidative stress. Taken together, these beneficial effects resulted in significant reductions in BP without affecting HR. We suggest that sildenafil could be considered as a promising alternative to treat resistant hypertension.

Concepções sobre o uso da automedicação pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em terapia intensiva oncológica / Conception about self-medication use by the nursing staff in oncology intensive care

Objetivo: identificar as concepções sobre o uso da automedicação pelos trabalhadores de enfermagem em terapia intensiva oncológica. Método: estudo descritivo-exploratório, com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no Centro de Tratamento Intensivo do Instituto Nacional de Câncer, com 25 profissionais de enfermagem, utilizando um roteiro semiestruturado para as entrevistas, as quais foram submetidas à análise do Discurso do Sujeito Coletivo auxiliado pelo software Qualiquantisoft após a aprovação do projeto de pesquisa pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, CAAE nº 07330912.1.0000.5274. Resultados: foi analisada a categoria analítica conhecimento sobre o uso: concepções e uso da automedicação, formada pelos descritores conhecimento sobre automedicação, tipos de medicamentos, complicações devido ao uso e acesso aos medicamentos. Conclusão: o conhecimento sobre automedicação é necessário tanto para a prática do cotidiano quanto para as experimentações do profissional. A disponibilidade do medicamento torna mais fácil o seu emprego para automedicação. (AU)

Objective: to identify the conceptions of self-medication use by the nursing staff in oncology intensive care. Method: it is a descriptive, exploratory study with qualitative approach, conducted in the Intensive Care Unit of the National Cancer Institute, with 25 nursing professionals using a semi-structured interview, submitted to analysis by the Collective Subject Discourse helped by Qualiquantisoft software after approval of the research project by the Research Ethics Committee, CAAE Number 07330912.1.0000.5274. Results: the analytical category knowledge on the use was analyzed: conceptions and self-medication use, formed by the descriptors knowledge of self-medication, types of medications, complications due to the use and access to medicines. Conclusion: knowledge about self-medication is necessary to everyday practice and the professional experimentation. The availability of the drug makes easier the self-medication. (AU)

Objetivo: identificar las concepciones sobre el uso de la automedicación por los trabajadores de enfermería en terapia intensiva oncológica. Método: estudio descriptivo, exploratorio con enfoque cualitativo, realizado en el Centro de Tratamiento Intensivo del Instituto Nacional de Cáncer, con 25 profesionales de enfermería, utilizando una entrevista semi-estructurada las cuales fueron sometidas al análisis del Discurso del Sujeto Colectivo auxiliado por el software Qualiquantisoft después de ser aprobado el proyecto de investigación por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, CAAE nº 07330912.1.0000.5274. Resultados: fue analizada la categoría analítica conocimiento sobre el uso: concepciones y uso de la automedicación, formado por los descriptores conocimiento sobre automedicación, tipos de medicamentos, complicaciones debido al uso y acceso a los medicamentos. Conclusión: el conocimiento sobre automedicación es necesaria tanto a la práctica del cotidiano como a las experimentaciones del profesional. La disponibilidad del medicamento torna más fácil su empleo para automedicación. (AU)

Accuracy of plasma interleukin-18 and adiponectin concentrations in predicting metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic disease risk in middle-age Brazilian men.

The aims of this cross-sectional study were to explore the ability of serum interleukin 18 (IL-18) and adiponectin to identify metabolic syndrome (MetS), and to verify their association with an index of central lipid overaccumulation (lipid accumulation product (LAP)) and cardiometabolic risk factors in a population of middle-aged Brazilian men. A group of 218 apparently healthy middle-aged Brazilian men (age, 50.3 ± 4.97 years) underwent anthropometric, clinical, sociodemographic, and standard serum biochemical assessments. LAP was calculated and the study participants were categorized into 3 groups according to serum IL-18 and adiponectin cut-points tertiles to verify the association of these biomarkers with cardiometabolic risk factors. The MetS group had more less active (p = 0.03) and obese (p < 0.01) individuals who exhibited higher IL-18 (p < 0.01) and lower adiponectin (p < 0.01) than did those in the group with no MetS. After adjustments (age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity level, and total body fat), serum IL-18 ≥ 336.4 pg/mL was an independent factor for MetS occurrence and it was directly associated with LAP (≥51.28), central obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypertension (p < 0.05), but not with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). Serum adiponectin ≥ 7.02 µg/mL was negatively associated with MetS occurrence, LAP, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-C (p < 0.05), but not with central obesity and hypertension. In conclusion, both IL-18 and adiponectin demonstrated the ability to identify MetS in this population, with IL-18 being more accurate. The association of these biomamarkers with LAP and cardiometabolic risk factors highlights its relevance as a diagnostic tool.

Attenuation of Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in diabetic rat heart: insulin therapy or aerobic exercise?

We tested the effects of swimming training and insulin therapy, either alone or in combination, on the intracellular calcium ([Ca(2+)]i) homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial functions in diabetic rat hearts. Male Wistar rats were separated into control, diabetic, or diabetic plus insulin groups. Type 1 diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin (STZ). Insulin-treated groups received 1 to 4 UI of insulin daily for 8 wk. Each group was divided into sedentary or exercised rats. Trained groups were submitted to swimming (90 min/day, 5 days/wk, 8 wk). [Ca(2+)]i transient in left ventricular myocytes (LVM), oxidative stress in LV tissue, and mitochondrial functions in the heart were assessed. Diabetes reduced the amplitude and prolonged the times to peak and to half decay of the [Ca(2+)]i transient in LVM, increased NADPH oxidase-4 (Nox-4) expression, decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), and increased carbonyl protein contents in LV tissue. In isolated mitochondria, diabetes increased Ca(2+) uptake, susceptibility to permeability transition pore (MPTP) opening, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP-2) expression, and oxygen consumption but reduced H2O2 release. Swimming training corrected the time course of the [Ca(2+)]i transient, UCP-2 expression, and mitochondrial Ca(2+) uptake. Insulin replacement further normalized [Ca(2+)]i transient amplitude, Nox-4 expression, and carbonyl content. Alongside these benefits, the combination of both therapies restored the LV tissue SOD and mitochondrial O2 consumption, H2O2 release, and MPTP opening. In conclusion, the combination of swimming training with insulin replacement was more effective in attenuating intracellular Ca(2+) disruptions, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunctions in STZ-induced diabetic rat hearts.

Red but not white meat consumption is associated with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men.

BACKGROUND: The influence of diet on metabolic syndrome and oxidative stress are not completely known. DESIGN: This cross-sectional study assessed the association of red meat and white meat consumption with metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance and lipid peroxidation in Brazilian middle-aged men. METHODS: A total of 296 subjects (age: 50.5 ± 5.0 years, body mass index: 25.8 ± 3.5 kg/m(2)) were evaluated. Anthropometry, lifestyle features, blood biochemical parameters, diagnosis of metabolic syndrome, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, a lipid peroxidation marker (oxidized low-density lipoprotein) and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio were assessed. Dietary intake was estimated by a food frequency questionnaire. RESULTS: The subjects included in the highest tertile red meat (≥81.5 g/d) and saturated fatty acid from red meat consumption (≥4.3 g/d) had higher occurrence of central obesity (nearly 60%, p < 0.01), hypertriglyceridaemia (nearly 43%, p < 0.01) and metabolic syndrome (35%, p < 0.01). They also had higher values of homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, regardless of interfering factors. There were no associations of highest white meat tertile (≥39.4 g/d) and saturated fatty acid from white meat (≥1.0 g/d) consumption with the assessed parameters (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Red meat consumption was cross-sectionally associated with the occurrence of central obesity, hypertriglyceridaemia, and metabolic syndrome as well as with higher homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance, oxidized low-density lipoprotein concentrations and triglycerides:high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. The content of saturated fatty acid from red meat consumption may be a factor that contributed to this relationship, while white meat consumption was not associated with metabolic syndrome and the assessed biomarkers.