RESUMEN
The interference between external magnetic fields and neurophysiology is not new, however, the role of the neuronal magnetic field remains unclear. This study aimed at investigating a possible role of the neuronal magnetic field in nociception. Highly and poorly magnetic reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was injected intrathecally in rats. Nociceptive responsiveness was greater in rats that received highly magnetic-rGO in von Frey electronic or intraplantar capsaicin tests. Furthermore, in vitro experiments demonstrated that the number of KCl-responsive DRG-neurons was greater when treated with highly magnetic-rGO when compared with non-magnetic-rGO. Our data also suggested that the mechanism underlying the increased nociceptive responsiveness involves increased Ca2+v activity. Complementary experiments excluded the cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of the magnetic-rGO in neuronal responsiveness. These data suggest that the disturbance of the neuronal magnetic field in spinal cord increases nociceptive responsiveness, suggesting an importance of the magnetic component of the electromagnetic field in neuronal transmission.
Asunto(s)
Grafito , Nociceptores , Médula Espinal/fisiología , Transmisión Sináptica/fisiología , Animales , Campos Magnéticos , Óxidos , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-DawleyRESUMEN
Os níveis de citocinas e síntese intratecal de IgG foram dosados no líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) e soro, com o objetivo de avaliar a atividade inflamatória em pacientes com esclerose múltipla durante remissão clínica. Foram detectados níveis elevados de citocinas pró-inflamatórias (TNFa e IFNg) no LCR e soro, sem alterações significativas na produção de IL12 e IL10. O perfil de produção das citocinas pró-inflamatórias estava associado ao aumento de leucócitos no LCR, assim como a presença de bandas oligoclonais IgG sugerindo síntese intratecal de IgG. Estes resultados sugerem que mesmo quando a doença está clinicamente silenciosa, a atividade inflamatória está presente nestes pacientes.
Asunto(s)
Adolescente , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Citocinas/biosíntesis , Inmunoglobulina G/biosíntesis , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/inmunología , Bandas Oligoclonales/biosíntesis , Biomarcadores/sangre , Biomarcadores/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Citocinas/sangre , Citocinas/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Inmunoglobulina G/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Inflamación/sangre , Inflamación/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Inflamación/inmunología , Recuento de Leucocitos , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/sangre , Esclerosis Múltiple Recurrente-Remitente/líquido cefalorraquídeo , Bandas Oligoclonales/sangre , Bandas Oligoclonales/líquido cefalorraquídeoRESUMEN
Cytokines and intrathecal IgG synthesis were determined in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and sera to evaluate inflammatory activity in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients during clinical remission. Although the disease was stable, there had been a significant increase of proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFalpha and IFNgamma in the CSF and serum, with no significant changes of IL12 and IL10 production. The changes in the cytokine production patterns were associated with an increase of leukocytes in the CSF, as well as the presence of oligoclonal bands suggesting intrathecal IgG synthesis. These results suggest that even when the disease is clinically silent, one can observe inflammatory activity in these MS patients.