Seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in semi-arid region of Ceará state / Soroprevalência de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis de Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos de região semi-árida do estado do Ceará

The present study was conducted to investigate in 20 extensive sheep farms for the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) and Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. It was observed that C. pseudotuberculosis showed the highest prevalence in the region (34.07%) with statistically significant presence (p 0.05) in ewes. Antibodies to T. gondii was reported in 14.91% of the animals studied. About C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii coinfection the categories of rams showed significant (p 0.05) differences, suggesting that this gender could perpetuate the diseases in the flocks. It was concluded that the knowledge about the diseases in the region under study would facilitate the execution of prophylactic measures, especially against the diseases that pose risks to the public health and cause damages to the producer.(AU)

O presente estudo foi conduzido para investigar a soroprevalência em 20 fazendas de criação extensiva de ovinos quanto à presença de anticorpos para Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) e Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimático (ELISA) foi utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos contra C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. Observou-se que C. pseudotuberculosis apresentou a maior prevalência na região (34,07%), com presença estatisticamente significante (p 0,05) nas categorias de ovelha. Anticorpos contra T. gondii foram encontrados em 14,91% dos animais estudados. Sobre a coinfecção de C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii, as categorias carneiro apresentaram diferenças significativas (p 0,05), sugerindo que esse gênero poderia perpetuar as doenças nos rebanhos. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento sobre as doenças na região em estudo facilitaria a execução de medidas profiláticas, principalmente contra as doenças que apresentam riscos à saúde pública e causam danos ao produtor.(AU)

Vesicular stomatitis due to Indiana III (Alagoas/VSIV-3) is endemic in Brazilian state of Ceará / Estomatite vesicular causada pelo subtipo Indiana III (Alagoas/VVI-3) é endêmica no estado do Ceará, Brasil

Although Northeast Brazil is considered free of foot and mouth disease (FMD) with vaccination, several economic and health damages are still recorded due to the occurrence of vesicular syndromes that can be evaluated, such as Vesicular Stomatitis (VS). Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the occurrence of this disease and to determine the predominant viral serotype in suspected cases notified to the Official Veterinary Service of Ceará in 2013 performing official diagnostic protocols recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. After clinical and epidemiological investigation in 46 farms, 32 probable cases of VS were considered with 78 sampled animals, 65 bovines and 13 equines. Serum (54) and epithelium (24) samples were collected. Six (14.6%) of 41 bovines and 8 (61.5%) of 13 equines described seroconversion to Indiana Vesiculovirus (IVV) by viral neutralization. The IVV was detected in 15 (62.5%) of 24 bovines epithelia using the indirect sandwich ELISA. Finally, positive epithelium underwent complement fixation test viral subtyping that identified the occurrence of Indiana III serotype (Alagoas/IVV-3) in 11 (73.3%) of 15 previous positives cattle. These were the first confirmed cases of VS in Ceará with an official diagnosis of IVV-3, confirming the endemic character attributed to the state through previous unofficial serological surveys. The presence of VS is a continuing diagnostic challenge, given the risk of possible incursions of FMD. Vesicular stomatitis is recurrent and is a worrying in this area free of foot and mouth disease with vaccination that bring damage to producers and a maximum alert to the Sanitary Defense Organs in the face of a probable case of vesicular syndrome.(AU)

Embora o Nordeste do Brasil seja considerado livre de Febre Aftosa (FA) com a vacinacao, ainda sao registrados varios prejuízos econômicos e sanitários devido a ocorrencia de sindromes vesiculares que precisam ser adequadamente avaliadas, como Estomatite Vesicular (EV). Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo confirmar a ocorrencia desta doenca e determinar o sorotipo viral predominante em casos suspeitos notificados ao Servico Veterinario Oficial do Ceara no ano de 2013 realizando protocolos oficiais de diagnóstico recomendados pela Organizacao Mundial de Saude Animal. Após investigação clínica e epidemiológica em 46 propriedades rurais, foram considerados 32 casos prováveis de propriedade foco de EV com 78 animais amostrados, sendo 65 bovinos e 13 equídeos. Amostras de soro (54) e epitelio (24) foram coletadas. Analises sorologicas de 6 (14,6%) de 41 bovinos e 8 (61,5%) de 13 equídeos apresentaram soroconversao ao Vesiculovirus Indiana (VVI) por neutralizacao viral. O VVI foi detectado em 15 (62,5%) de 24 epitélios bovinos usando ELISA indireto sanduiche. Por fim, amostras de epitélio positivas foram submetidas a subtipagem viral por fixacao do complemento que identificou a ocorrência do sorotipo Indiana III (Alagoas/VVI-3) em 11 (73,3%) de bovinos. Estes foram os primeiros casos confirmados de EV no estado do Ceara com diagnostico oficial de VVI-3 confirmando o carater endemico atribuido ao Estado por meio de levantamentos sorologicos nao oficiais anteriores. A presença de EV é um desafio diagnóstico contínuo, dado o risco de possíveis incursões de FA. A Estomatite Vesicular é recorrente e preocupante nesta área livre de FA com vacinação pois, além de prejuízos aos produtores, traz um alerta máximo aos Órgãos de Defesa Sanitária diante de um caso provável de síndrome vesicular.(AU)

Vesicular stomatitis due to Indiana III (Alagoas/VSIV-3) is endemic in Brazilian state of Ceará / Estomatite vesicular causada pelo subtipo Indiana III (Alagoas/VVI-3) é endêmica no estado do Ceará, Brasil

ABSTRACT: Although Northeast Brazil is considered free of foot and mouth disease (FMD) with vaccination, several economic and health damages are still recorded due to the occurrence of vesicular syndromes that can be evaluated, such as Vesicular Stomatitis (VS). Therefore, this study aimed to confirm the occurrence of this disease and to determine the predominant viral serotype in suspected cases notified to the Official Veterinary Service of Ceará in 2013 performing official diagnostic protocols recommended by the World Organization for Animal Health. After clinical and epidemiological investigation in 46 farms, 32 probable cases of VS were considered with 78 sampled animals, 65 bovines and 13 equines. Serum (54) and epithelium (24) samples were collected. Six (14.6%) of 41 bovines and 8 (61.5%) of 13 equines described seroconversion to Indiana Vesiculovirus (IVV) by viral neutralization. The IVV was detected in 15 (62.5%) of 24 bovines epithelia using the indirect sandwich ELISA. Finally, positive epithelium underwent complement fixation test viral subtyping that identified the occurrence of Indiana III serotype (Alagoas/IVV-3) in 11 (73.3%) of 15 previous positives cattle. These were the first confirmed cases of VS in Ceará with an official diagnosis of IVV-3, confirming the endemic character attributed to the state through previous unofficial serological surveys. The presence of VS is a continuing diagnostic challenge, given the risk of possible incursions of FMD. Vesicular stomatitis is recurrent and is a worrying in this area free of foot and mouth disease with vaccination that bring damage to producers and a maximum alert to the Sanitary Defense Organs in the face of a probable case of vesicular syndrome.

RESUMO: Embora o Nordeste do Brasil seja considerado livre de Febre Aftosa (FA) com a vacinação, ainda são registrados vários prejuízos econômicos e sanitários devido à ocorrência de síndromes vesiculares que precisam ser adequadamente avaliadas, como Estomatite Vesicular (EV). Portanto, este estudo teve como objetivo confirmar a ocorrência desta doença e determinar o sorotipo viral predominante em casos suspeitos notificados ao Serviço Veterinário Oficial do Ceará no ano de 2013 realizando protocolos oficiais de diagnóstico recomendados pela Organização Mundial de Saúde Animal. Após investigação clínica e epidemiológica em 46 propriedades rurais, foram considerados 32 casos prováveis de propriedade foco de EV com 78 animais amostrados, sendo 65 bovinos e 13 equídeos. Amostras de soro (54) e epitélio (24) foram coletadas. Análises sorológicas de 6 (14,6%) de 41 bovinos e 8 (61,5%) de 13 equídeos apresentaram soroconversão ao Vesiculovírus Indiana (VVI) por neutralização viral. O VVI foi detectado em 15 (62,5%) de 24 epitélios bovinos usando ELISA indireto sanduíche. Por fim, amostras de epitélio positivas foram submetidas a subtipagem viral por fixação do complemento que identificou a ocorrência do sorotipo Indiana III (Alagoas/VVI-3) em 11 (73,3%) de bovinos. Estes foram os primeiros casos confirmados de EV no estado do Ceará com diagnóstico oficial de VVI-3 confirmando o caráter endêmico atribuído ao Estado por meio de levantamentos sorológicos não oficiais anteriores. A presença de EV é um desafio diagnóstico contínuo, dado o risco de possíveis incursões de FA. A Estomatite Vesicular é recorrente e preocupante nesta área livre de FA com vacinação pois, além de prejuízos aos produtores, traz um alerta máximo aos Órgãos de Defesa Sanitária diante de um caso provável de síndrome vesicular.

Seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis and Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in semi-arid region of Ceará state / Soroprevalência de Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis de Toxoplasma gondii em ovinos de região semi-árida do estado do Ceará

ABSTRACT: The present study was conducted to investigate in 20 extensive sheep farms for the seroprevalence of Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) and Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used for the detection of antibodies to C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. It was observed that C. pseudotuberculosis showed the highest prevalence in the region (34.07%) with statistically significant presence (p<0.05) in ewes. Antibodies to T. gondii was reported in 14.91% of the animals studied. About C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii coinfection the categories of rams showed significant (p<0.05) differences, suggesting that this gender could perpetuate the diseases in the flocks. It was concluded that the knowledge about the diseases in the region under study would facilitate the execution of prophylactic measures, especially against the diseases that pose risks to the public health and cause damages to the producer.

RESUMO: O presente estudo foi conduzido para investigar a soroprevalência em 20 fazendas de criação extensiva de ovinos quanto à presença de anticorpos para Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis (n=402) e Toxoplasma gondii (n=228). Ensaio de imunoabsorção enzimático (ELISA) foi utilizado para a detecção de anticorpos contra C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii. Observou-se que C. pseudotuberculosis apresentou a maior prevalência na região (34,07%), com presença estatisticamente significante (p <0,05) nas categorias de ovelha. Anticorpos contra T. gondii foram encontrados em 14,91% dos animais estudados. Sobre a coinfecção de C. pseudotuberculosis/T. gondii, as categorias carneiro apresentaram diferenças significativas (p <0,05), sugerindo que esse gênero poderia perpetuar as doenças nos rebanhos. Concluiu-se que o conhecimento sobre as doenças na região em estudo facilitaria a execução de medidas profiláticas, principalmente contra as doenças que apresentam riscos à saúde pública e causam danos ao produtor.

Serological and molecular investigation of Leishmania spp. infection in cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil / Investigação sorológica e molecular da infecção por Leishmania spp. em gatos provenientes de uma área endêmica para leishmaniose canina e humana no nordeste brasileiro

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Ninety-one cats were subjected to a complete clinical exam, and blood samples were collected. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors. IgG anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a cut-off value of 1:40. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect genetic material of Leishmania spp. in the blood samples. The presence of antibodies against FIV and antigens of FeLV was evaluated using an immunochromatographic test. Seropositivity for Leishmania spp., FIV, and FeLV was observed in 14/91 (15.38%), 26/91 (28.57%), and 3/91 (3.29%) cats, respectively. All samples gave negative results on PCR analysis. Based on these data, no significant statistical association was observed between seropositivity for Leishmania spp., and sex, age, presence of clinical signs, evaluated risk factors, and positivity for retroviruses. These findings demonstrated for the first time that cats from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, are being exposed to this zoonosis and might be part of the epidemiological chain of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.

Resumo O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp., e sua associação com o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV), em felinos domésticos provenientes de uma área endêmica no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, para a leishmaniose visceral canina e humana. Noventa e um gatos foram submetidos a exame clínico completo e amostras de sangue foram coletadas. Um questionário epidemiológico foi feito para investigar fatores de risco. Anticorpos IgG anti-Leishmania spp. foram identificados por meio da imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), adotando-se como ponto de corte a diluição de 1:40. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi executada visando detectar o material genético de Leishmania spp. a partir de amostras de sangue total. Para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra o FIV e antígenos do FeLV foi utilizado um teste imunocromatográfico. Observou-se soropositividade em 14/91 (15,38%), 26/91 (28,57%) e 3/91 (3,29%) animais para Leishmania spp., FIV e FeLV, respectivamente. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na PCR. Baseado nestes dados, não foi observada nenhuma associação estatística significativa entre a soropositividade para Leishmania spp. e gênero, idade, presença de sinais clínicos, fatores de risco avaliados e positividade para as retroviroses. Esses achados demonstram pela primeira vez que felinos da cidade Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, estão sendo expostos a esta zoonose, sugerindo que os mesmos podem estar participando da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão da leishmaniose visceral.

Serological and molecular investigation of Leishmania spp. infection in cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil.

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Ninety-one cats were subjected to a complete clinical exam, and blood samples were collected. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors. IgG anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a cut-off value of 1:40. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect genetic material of Leishmania spp. in the blood samples. The presence of antibodies against FIV and antigens of FeLV was evaluated using an immunochromatographic test. Seropositivity for Leishmania spp., FIV, and FeLV was observed in 14/91 (15.38%), 26/91 (28.57%), and 3/91 (3.29%) cats, respectively. All samples gave negative results on PCR analysis. Based on these data, no significant statistical association was observed between seropositivity for Leishmania spp., and sex, age, presence of clinical signs, evaluated risk factors, and positivity for retroviruses. These findings demonstrated for the first time that cats from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, are being exposed to this zoonosis and might be part of the epidemiological chain of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.

Armadillos and leprosy: from infection to biological model.

Mycobacterium leprae is the primary causative agent of Hansen's disease or leprosy. Besides human beings, natural infection has been described in animals such as mangabey monkeys and armadillos. Leprosy is considered a global health problem and its complete pathogenesis is still unknown. As M. leprae does not grow in artificial media, armadillos have become the primary experimental model for leprosy, mimicking human disease including involvement of the peripheral nervous system. Leprosy transmission occurs through continuous and close contact of susceptible people with untreated infected people. However, unknown leprosy contact has been reported in leprosy-affected people, and contact with armadillos is a risk factor for leprosy. In the USA, leprosy is considered a zoonosis and this classification has recently been accepted in Brazil. This review presents information regarding the role of wild armadillos as a source of M. leprae for human infections, as well as the pathogenesis of leprosy.

Serological and molecular investigation of Leishmania spp. infection in cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Northeast Brazil / Investigação sorológica e molecular da infecção por Leishmania spp. em gatos provenientes de uma área endêmica para leishmaniose canina e humana no nordeste brasileiro

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of Leishmania spp. antibodies, and its association with feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) and feline leukemia virus (FeLV), in domestic cats from an area endemic for canine and human leishmaniasis in Rio Grande do Norte State, Brazil. Ninety-one cats were subjected to a complete clinical exam, and blood samples were collected. An epidemiological questionnaire was used to investigate the risk factors. IgG anti-Leishmania spp. antibodies were detected by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), with a cut-off value of 1:40. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to detect genetic material of Leishmania spp. in the blood samples. The presence of antibodies against FIV and antigens of FeLV was evaluated using an immunochromatographic test. Seropositivity for Leishmania spp., FIV, and FeLV was observed in 14/91 (15.38%), 26/91 (28.57%), and 3/91 (3.29%) cats, respectively. All samples gave negative results on PCR analysis. Based on these data, no significant statistical association was observed between seropositivity for Leishmania spp., and sex, age, presence of clinical signs, evaluated risk factors, and positivity for retroviruses. These findings demonstrated for the first time that cats from Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, are being exposed to this zoonosis and might be part of the epidemiological chain of transmission of visceral leishmaniasis.(AU)

O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a ocorrência de anticorpos contra Leishmania spp., e sua associação com o vírus da imunodeficiência felina (FIV) e o vírus da leucemia felina (FeLV), em felinos domésticos provenientes de uma área endêmica no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, para a leishmaniose visceral canina e humana. Noventa e um gatos foram submetidos a exame clínico completo e amostras de sangue foram coletadas. Um questionário epidemiológico foi feito para investigar fatores de risco. Anticorpos IgG anti-Leishmania spp. foram identificados por meio da imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI), adotando-se como ponto de corte a diluição de 1:40. A reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) foi executada visando detectar o material genético de Leishmania spp. a partir de amostras de sangue total. Para avaliar a presença de anticorpos contra o FIV e antígenos do FeLV foi utilizado um teste imunocromatográfico. Observou-se soropositividade em 14/91 (15,38%), 26/91 (28,57%) e 3/91 (3,29%) animais para Leishmania spp., FIV e FeLV, respectivamente. Nenhuma amostra foi positiva na PCR. Baseado nestes dados, não foi observada nenhuma associação estatística significativa entre a soropositividade para Leishmania spp. e gênero, idade, presença de sinais clínicos, fatores de risco avaliados e positividade para as retroviroses. Esses achados demonstram pela primeira vez que felinos da cidade Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, estão sendo expostos a esta zoonose, sugerindo que os mesmos podem estar participando da cadeia epidemiológica de transmissão da leishmaniose visceral.(AU)

Research on viral agents associated with feline reproductive problems reveals a high association with feline panleukopenia virus.

Although reproductive failures (RF) such as abortion, stillbirth and neonatal mortality in cats are still under researched, it is known that many RF are caused by viral agents. This research surveyed the viral agent prevalence in queens with RF. Queens were excluded from the study if their RF was caused by issues other than infection, such as genetic, traumatic, hormonal or nutritional problems, or if they had a history of RF. Blood samples from 26 pregnant females with RF were collected for complete blood counts (BCC), renal/hepatic biochemistry and glycaemic analysis. Ultrasonography was performed to evaluate gestational age and foetal viability. When possible, placentas, humours and foetal tissues were collected. Blood samples were tested by PCR and qPCR for feline leukaemia virus (FeLV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), feline alphaherpesvirus 1 (FeHV-1) and carnivore protoparvovirus 1 (CPPV-1). All maternal samples were negative for FeLV, FIV and FeHV-1 and positive for CPPV-1. In addition, foetuses from one queen and three females were positive for CPPV-1 by qPCR and for feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) through DNA sequencing. The BCC and biochemistry results revealed significant neutrophilia, lymphopenia, monocytosis, and liver enzymes. These results provide the first description of an FPV agent causing only RF-related clinical signs in queens.

Zoonotic transmission of canine sporotrichosis in northeastern Brazil

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, caused by the fungal complex Sporothrix schenckii, and composed of several species of the genus. Although diseased dogs show the minimal risk of infection to humans, such susceptibility is non-null and, therefore, should be considered. In the Northeast of Brazil, such mycosis has been reported in dogs but its role in local public health is still unknown. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of canine sporotrichosis with transference capacity to humans, pointing a case in a Brazilian northeastern city. An 11-year-old male dachshund dog presenting skin lesions for two months. The dog was autochthonous to the city of Natal. The animal was referred for physical evaluation. Subcutaneous nodules were detected in the nasal and ventral-cervical regions. An incisional biopsy of the lesions was performed, subjecting the samples to histopathology. Itraconazole (10 mg/ kg, orally, every 24 hours) was prescribed. After a few days under physical evaluation, the guardian of the animal noticed alterations in the integument of her left upper limb. A clinical laboratory examination by a dermatologist detected sporotrichosis condition, being the animal caregiver submitted to a specialized therapy. The dermato-histopathology of the canine revealed the presence of Sporothrix spp., thus confirming the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. After the histopathological examination, itraconazole therapy was continued, achieving a complete lesion regression after 120 days. In dogs infected with the S. schenckii complex, transmission to humans should be considered regardless of the affected animal species, once sporotrichosis is an anthropozoonosis.(AU)

Zoonotic transmission of canine sporotrichosis in northeastern Brazil

Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis, caused by the fungal complex Sporothrix schenckii, and composed of several species of the genus. Although diseased dogs show the minimal risk of infection to humans, such susceptibility is non-null and, therefore, should be considered. In the Northeast of Brazil, such mycosis has been reported in dogs but its role in local public health is still unknown. The objective of this study was to report the occurrence of canine sporotrichosis with transference capacity to humans, pointing a case in a Brazilian northeastern city. An 11-year-old male dachshund dog presenting skin lesions for two months. The dog was autochthonous to the city of Natal. The animal was referred for physical evaluation. Subcutaneous nodules were detected in the nasal and ventral-cervical regions. An incisional biopsy of the lesions was performed, subjecting the samples to histopathology. Itraconazole (10 mg/ kg, orally, every 24 hours) was prescribed. After a few days under physical evaluation, the guardian of the animal noticed alterations in the integument of her left upper limb. A clinical laboratory examination by a dermatologist detected sporotrichosis condition, being the animal caregiver submitted to a specialized therapy. The dermato-histopathology of the canine revealed the presence of Sporothrix spp., thus confirming the diagnosis of sporotrichosis. After the histopathological examination, itraconazole therapy was continued, achieving a complete lesion regression after 120 days. In dogs infected with the S. schenckii complex, transmission to humans should be considered regardless of the affected animal species, once sporotrichosis is an anthropozoonosis.

Síndrome hipereosinofílico idiopático en el perro: una descripción poco común en el noreste de Brasil / Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in dog: an unsual description in Northeastern Brazil / Síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática em cão: uma insólita descrição no nordeste do Brasil

Síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) es un mieloproliferación rara en perros con presencia intensiva de los eosinófilos y los órganos de circulación. Hay pocos informes de canino SHI, y sin antecedentes de la enfermedad en el noreste de Brasil. El objetivo fue informar el SHI en un perro semiárido del noreste, haciendo hincapié en la importancia en el diagnóstico del síndrome de otras causas de eosinofilia. Un canino, macho, cuatro años mestizo, fue remitido al Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal Rural de la Zona Semiárida (Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Tenía una historia de eosinofilia crónica (por anterior hematología historia). Desparasitación actualiza. Solicitada para completar el recuento sanguíneo, la citología de la médula ósea, la serología para la leishmaniasis visceral y prueba de inmunoensayo para la detección de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocurrió eosinofilia sistémica y la cantidad marcada de eosinófilos en la médula ósea. No fue positivo para las enfermedades infecciosas. La terapia se instituyó-prednisolona. Después de 15 días, hematología mostró eosinófilos en los valores de referencia, así como el recuento de eosinófilos intramedular. Después de 112 días en el tratamiento, el paciente volvió a expresar eosinofilia suero y el compartimiento intraóseo mediante la sustitución de deflazacort prednisolona. Después de 63 días del inicio de [...](AU)

Idiopathic hypereosinophilc syndrome (HES) is a rare canine mioproliferation, with high quantity of eosinophils in peripheral blood and organs. There are few case reports of this disease in dogs, and no record of the disease in the Northeast of Brazil. This paper aimed to report the HES in a semi-arid Northeast dog, emphasizing the importance in the differential diagnosis of the other causes of eosinophilia. A 4 years old mixed breed male dog was referred to the Rural Federal University of Semi-Árid Hospital (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) present cronic eosinophilia (previously hematologic test). The deworming has been done. Complete blood count, marrow bone cytology, Leishmania serological test and immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis were requested. The laboratorial results showed systemic eosinophilia and marked amount of eosinophils in bone marrow. There was negative to infectious disease. Treatment with predinisolone was established. After 15 days, eosinophils count had returns to reference values as well as the bone marrow count. Lather than 112 days of treatment, the animal manifested serum and intraosseous compartment eosinophilia again, so prednisolona was replaced by deflazacort. After 63 days of the start this new treatment, the dog presented normal eosinophils count in blood and bone marrow. [...](AU)

A síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) é uma mieloproliferação rara em cães, com intensa presença de eosinófilos circulantes e em órgãos. Há poucos relatos da SHI canina, e sem registro da doença no Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se relatar a SHI em um cão do semiárido nordestino brasileiro, ressaltando a importância no diagnóstico da síndrome para outras causas de eosinofilia. Um canino, macho, quatro anos, sem raça definida, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Possuía histórico de eosinofilia crônica (por exames hematológicos pregressos). A vermifigução estava atualizada. Solicitaram-se hemograma completo, citologia da medula óssea, sorologia para leishmaniose visceral e ensaio imunocromatográfico para detecção de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocorria eosinofilia sistêmica e acentuada quantidade de eosinófilos na medula óssea. Não houve positividade para doenças infecciosas. Instituiu-se terapia com prednisolona. Transcorridos 15 dias, a hematologia exibiu eosinófilos nos valores de referência, assim como a contagem de eosinófilos intramedular. Após 112 dias do tratamento, o paciente retornou a manifestar eosinofilia sérica e no compartimento intraósseo, substituindo a prednisolona pelo deflazacort. Após 63 dias do início desse último, o cão possuía normalidade nos índices de eosinófilos [...](AU)

Síndrome hipereosinofílico idiopático en el perro: una descripción poco común en el noreste de Brasil / Idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome in dog: an unsual description in Northeastern Brazil / Síndrome hipereosinofílica idiopática em cão: uma insólita descrição no nordeste do Brasil

Síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) es un mieloproliferación rara en perros con presencia intensiva de los eosinófilos y los órganos de circulación. Hay pocos informes de canino SHI, y sin antecedentes de la enfermedad en el noreste de Brasil. El objetivo fue informar el SHI en un perro semiárido del noreste, haciendo hincapié en la importancia en el diagnóstico del síndrome de otras causas de eosinofilia. Un canino, macho, cuatro años mestizo, fue remitido al Hospital Veterinario de la Universidad Federal Rural de la Zona Semiárida (Mossoro, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Tenía una historia de eosinofilia crónica (por anterior hematología historia). Desparasitación actualiza. Solicitada para completar el recuento sanguíneo, la citología de la médula ósea, la serología para la leishmaniasis visceral y prueba de inmunoensayo para la detección de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocurrió eosinofilia sistémica y la cantidad marcada de eosinófilos en la médula ósea. No fue positivo para las enfermedades infecciosas. La terapia se instituyó-prednisolona. Después de 15 días, hematología mostró eosinófilos en los valores de referencia, así como el recuento de eosinófilos intramedular. Después de 112 días en el tratamiento, el paciente volvió a expresar eosinofilia suero y el compartimiento intraóseo mediante la sustitución de deflazacort prednisolona. Después de 63 días del inicio de [...]

Idiopathic hypereosinophilc syndrome (HES) is a rare canine mioproliferation, with high quantity of eosinophils in peripheral blood and organs. There are few case reports of this disease in dogs, and no record of the disease in the Northeast of Brazil. This paper aimed to report the HES in a semi-arid Northeast dog, emphasizing the importance in the differential diagnosis of the other causes of eosinophilia. A 4 years old mixed breed male dog was referred to the Rural Federal University of Semi-Árid Hospital (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil) present cronic eosinophilia (previously hematologic test). The deworming has been done. Complete blood count, marrow bone cytology, Leishmania serological test and immunochromatographic assay for the detection of Dirofilaria immitis were requested. The laboratorial results showed systemic eosinophilia and marked amount of eosinophils in bone marrow. There was negative to infectious disease. Treatment with predinisolone was established. After 15 days, eosinophils count had returns to reference values as well as the bone marrow count. Lather than 112 days of treatment, the animal manifested serum and intraosseous compartment eosinophilia again, so prednisolona was replaced by deflazacort. After 63 days of the start this new treatment, the dog presented normal eosinophils count in blood and bone marrow. [...]

A síndrome hiperosinofílica idiopática (SHI) é uma mieloproliferação rara em cães, com intensa presença de eosinófilos circulantes e em órgãos. Há poucos relatos da SHI canina, e sem registro da doença no Nordeste do Brasil. Objetivou-se relatar a SHI em um cão do semiárido nordestino brasileiro, ressaltando a importância no diagnóstico da síndrome para outras causas de eosinofilia. Um canino, macho, quatro anos, sem raça definida, foi encaminhado ao Hospital Veterinário da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido (Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil). Possuía histórico de eosinofilia crônica (por exames hematológicos pregressos). A vermifigução estava atualizada. Solicitaram-se hemograma completo, citologia da medula óssea, sorologia para leishmaniose visceral e ensaio imunocromatográfico para detecção de Dirofilaria immitis. Ocorria eosinofilia sistêmica e acentuada quantidade de eosinófilos na medula óssea. Não houve positividade para doenças infecciosas. Instituiu-se terapia com prednisolona. Transcorridos 15 dias, a hematologia exibiu eosinófilos nos valores de referência, assim como a contagem de eosinófilos intramedular. Após 112 dias do tratamento, o paciente retornou a manifestar eosinofilia sérica e no compartimento intraósseo, substituindo a prednisolona pelo deflazacort. Após 63 dias do início desse último, o cão possuía normalidade nos índices de eosinófilos [...]

Atypical mannheimiosis in captive rheas (Rhea americana) / Mannheimiose atípica em emas (Rhea americana) cativas

Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) is a major cause of respiratory disease in bovine complex (BRDC) that causes great economic losses. To this day, there are no reports of birds affected by this bacterium. The present report describes an atypical outbreak of mannheimiosis in captive rheas (Rhea americana).(AU)

Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) é uma das principais causas da doença do complexo respiratório dos bovinos (DCRB) que causa grandes perdas econômicas. Até os dias atuais, não há relato de aves acometidas por tal bactéria. Relata-se um surto atípico de mannheimiose em emas em cativeiro (Rhea americana).(AU)

Atypical Mannheimiosis in captive rheas (Rhea americana) cativas / Mannheimiose atípica em emas (Rhea americana) cativas

Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) is a major cause of respiratory disease in bovine complex (BRDC) that causes great economic losses. To this day, there are no reports of birds affected by this bacterium. The present report describes an atypical outbreak of mannheimiosis in captive rheas (Rhea americana).(AU)

Mannheimia haemolytica (MH) é uma das principais causas da doença do complexo respiratório dos bovinos (DCRB) que causa grandes perdas econômicas. Até os dias atuais, não há relato de aves acometidas por tal bactéria. Relata-se um surto atípico de mannheimiose em emas em cativeiro (Rhea americana).(AU)

Caracterização clínica e terapêutica de lesões mamárias não neoplásicas em fêmeas da espécie felina / Clinical and therapeutic characterization of nonneoplastic mammary lesions in feline species females

A hiperplasia fibroepitelial e a displasia cística são proliferações não neoplásicas da glândulamamária felina. Embora sejam benignas, possuem o carcinoma como principal diagnóstico diferencial.Objetivou-se estabelecer o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e terapêutico das neoformações mamárias nãoneoplásicas de gatas domésticas, no sentido de auxiliar aos clínicos veterinários no manejo destas mastopatias. Aobtenção das informações, de forma retrospectiva, ocorreu por meio de fichas do Hospital Veterinário daUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Foi colhida informação da anamnese, aspecto clínico das lesões,diagnóstico microscópico, terapia utilizada e resposta clínica. Os dados foram distribuídos em frequências.Verificou-se que a maioria das alterações (91%) correspondia à hiperplasia fibroepitelial, em contraste comapenas um (9%) caso de displasia cística. A citologia confirmou todas as situações de hiperplasia fibroepitelial,enquanto o diagnóstico definitivo da displasia cística foi obtido somente pela histopatologia. Grande parte dasgatas estudadas possuía idade inferior a um ano, sendo usualmente não ovariectomizada e já submetida à terapiacom progestágenos. O sinal clínico mais comum foi à cianose local. Em 90% das fêmeas com hiperplasiafibroepitelial mamária, o tratamento primário equivaleu à administração de fármaco antiprogestágeno(aglepristone). Após a regressão do tecido mamário, as pacientes foram submetidas àovariossalpingohisterectomia. Para a displasia cística, estabeleceu-se a associação da esterilização cirúrgica coma mastectomia. Para todas as situações, as distintas terapias promoveram a remissão definitiva das mastopatias.Os dados obtidos tornam-se fundamentais para a abordagem clínica e terapêutica das pacientes felinasacometidas por neoformações não neoplásicas da glândula mamária

The fibroepithelial hyperplasia and cystic dysplasia correspond to feline mammary glandnonneoplastic proliferations. Although benign, they have the carcinoma as the main differential diagnosis. Thestudy aimed to establish the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic profile of nonneoplastic mammaryneoformations of domestic cats, in order to help veterinary clinicians in the management of feline mastopathies.Information was obtained retrospectively from the Veterinary Hospital of the Semi-Arid Rural FederalUniversity clinical records. Historical information, clinical appearance of the lesions and microscopic diagnosiswere collected, besides the therapy used and the respective clinical response. The data were distributed infrequencies. It was found that most disorders (91%) corresponded to fibroepithelial hyperplasia, in contrast withone (9%) case of cystic dysplasia. Cytology was enough to confirm all cases of fibroepithelial hyperplasia, whilethe cystic dysplasia definitive diagnosis was obtained only by the histopathological exam. Many of the catsstudied were under one year old, having not usually been ovariectomized yet, but already subjected to progestintreatment. The most common clinical sign were local cyanosis. In 90% of the female patients with breastfibroepithelial hyperplasia, primary treatment consisted of antiprogestagen drug (aglepristone) administration.After complete regression of the breast tissue, the patients underwent ovariosalpingohysterectomy. For the cysticdysplasia case, it was established the association of surgical sterilization with mastectomy. For all situations, thedifferent therapies promoted permanent remission of the mastopathies. The data obtained become crucial forclinical management and therapy of feline patients suffering from nonneoplastic mammary gland neoformations

Pitiose canina: uma doença despercebida na clínica de pequenos animais / Canine pythiosis: an unnoticed disease in the small animal clinic

A pitiose é uma doença granulomatosa decorrente da infecção pelo oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. Essa enfermidade tem recebido grande atenção devido à ampla distribuição do patógeno, sintomatologia variável, dificuldade no diagnóstico e necessidade de seleção de uma terapia apropriada. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da pitiose na espécie canina, alertando o médicoveterinário em considerar tal enfermidade na rotina da clínica de pequenos animais. Para a manutenção do ciclo no ambiente, o P. insidiosum necessita de umidade e com temperatura elevada. Não se verifica transmissão direta entre animais ou zoonótica. No Brasil há um considerável volume de estudos da pitiose em cães,principalmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Frequentemente os animais afetados são machos, de grande porte, com idade inferior a três anos. Essa doença Apresenta-se sob as formas gastrintestinal e cutânea, sendo a primeira a mais frequente. A avaliação histopatológica pode representar a única ferramenta para o diagnóstico, poisrotineiramente as amostras encontram-se fixadas em formol, o que inviabiliza o seu envio para a cultura. Asterapias utilizadas apresentam resultados variados e incluem combinação de antifúngicos sistêmicos, cirurgia e imunoterapia. Torna-se essencial a inclusão da pitiose na diferenciação de determinadas enfermidades cutâneas e/ou gastroentéricas que acometem os cães. Essa doença infecciosa não deve ser considerada incomum na práticada clínica veterinária, pois o que provavelmente ocorre é um subdiagnóstico, seja pela ausência de suspeita clínica ou a falta de direcionamento das amostras teciduais para laboratórios especializados

Pythiosis is a granulomatous infectious disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease has received great attention due to the pathogen wide distribution, variable symptoms, difficulty in clinical diagnosis and need for appropriate therapy selection. This study aimed to perform a literature review about the pythiosis in dogs, prompting a veterinarian to consider this disease in the small animal clinic routine. For the maintenance of the cycle in the environment, P. insidiosum requires water accumulation and high temperature. There is neither direct transmission among animals nor zoonotic. In Brazil, there is a considerable amount of study on pythiosis in dogs, especially in the South and Southeast regions. Often affected animals are male, large, and below three years of age. The disease shows up under the gastrointestinal and in skin forms, being the first the most common. Histopathology may represent the only tool for the diagnosis, since samples are routinely fixed in formalin, making their culture unfeasible. The therapies used have varied results and include systemic antifungal drug combination, surgery, and immunotherapy. Pythiosis should be included in the differentiation of certain skin and/or gastroenteric ailments that affect dogs. This infectious disease should not be considered unusual in the veterinary clinic practice. What may really occur is an underdiagnosis either by absence of clinical suspicion or lack of direction of the tissue samples to specialized laboratories

Histopathological features of mammary gland tumors in native domestic female cats from the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

Background: There is in Brazil little information about histopathological features of feline mammary neoplasms. Especially in some Brazilian Northeastern locations such as Rio Grande do Norte (RN), there is complete absence of data regarding feline mammary neoplasm microscopy. Accordingly, this study aimed to describe the histopathology of mammary gland tumors in native domestic cats from the state of RN, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Records of 26 feline females, carriers of mammary neoplasms, were analyzed. Files from Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (located in the city of Mossoró, RN, Brazil) were used, comprehending the period from December 2004 to August 2009. The information collected was related to mammary tumor microscopic findings, obtained from classical histopathology reports. The lesions were distributed according to their biological behavior. Histological classification and morphological differentiation degree were also considered. Data related to neoplastic infiltration in adjacent tumoral regions were obtained as well. Descriptive statistic data were performed and submitted in percentage form. It was observed that most tumors (92%) exhibited malignant biological behavior. All of those were classified as carcinomas and, among the ones presenting benign behavior, intraductal papilloma was diagnosed. As referred to malignancies, the most common histological type corresponded to papillary carcinoma (42%). For morphological differentiation degree of mammary carcinomas, grade II presented the highest percentage (54%). Local tumor infiltration occurred mainly to the skin (75%).Discussion: It has been reported that, among the palpable mammary masses in cats, 82% corresponded to malignancies and 10% were benign neoplasms.[...]

Pitiose canina: uma doença despercebida na clínica de pequenos animais / Canine pythiosis: an unnoticed disease in the small animal clinic

A pitiose é uma doença granulomatosa decorrente da infecção pelo oomiceto Pythium insidiosum. Essa enfermidade tem recebido grande atenção devido à ampla distribuição do patógeno, sintomatologia variável, dificuldade no diagnóstico e necessidade de seleção de uma terapia apropriada. O presente trabalho objetivou realizar uma revisão de literatura a respeito da pitiose na espécie canina, alertando o médicoveterinário em considerar tal enfermidade na rotina da clínica de pequenos animais. Para a manutenção do ciclo no ambiente, o P. insidiosum necessita de umidade e com temperatura elevada. Não se verifica transmissão direta entre animais ou zoonótica. No Brasil há um considerável volume de estudos da pitiose em cães,principalmente nas regiões Sul e Sudeste. Frequentemente os animais afetados são machos, de grande porte, com idade inferior a três anos. Essa doença Apresenta-se sob as formas gastrintestinal e cutânea, sendo a primeira a mais frequente. A avaliação histopatológica pode representar a única ferramenta para o diagnóstico, poisrotineiramente as amostras encontram-se fixadas em formol, o que inviabiliza o seu envio para a cultura. Asterapias utilizadas apresentam resultados variados e incluem combinação de antifúngicos sistêmicos, cirurgia e imunoterapia. Torna-se essencial a inclusão da pitiose na diferenciação de determinadas enfermidades cutâneas e/ou gastroentéricas que acometem os cães. Essa doença infecciosa não deve ser considerada incomum na práticada clínica veterinária, pois o que provavelmente ocorre é um subdiagnóstico, seja pela ausência de suspeita clínica ou a falta de direcionamento das amostras teciduais para laboratórios especializados(AU)

Pythiosis is a granulomatous infectious disease caused by the oomycete Pythium insidiosum. This disease has received great attention due to the pathogen wide distribution, variable symptoms, difficulty in clinical diagnosis and need for appropriate therapy selection. This study aimed to perform a literature review about the pythiosis in dogs, prompting a veterinarian to consider this disease in the small animal clinic routine. For the maintenance of the cycle in the environment, P. insidiosum requires water accumulation and high temperature. There is neither direct transmission among animals nor zoonotic. In Brazil, there is a considerable amount of study on pythiosis in dogs, especially in the South and Southeast regions. Often affected animals are male, large, and below three years of age. The disease shows up under the gastrointestinal and in skin forms, being the first the most common. Histopathology may represent the only tool for the diagnosis, since samples are routinely fixed in formalin, making their culture unfeasible. The therapies used have varied results and include systemic antifungal drug combination, surgery, and immunotherapy. Pythiosis should be included in the differentiation of certain skin and/or gastroenteric ailments that affect dogs. This infectious disease should not be considered unusual in the veterinary clinic practice. What may really occur is an underdiagnosis either by absence of clinical suspicion or lack of direction of the tissue samples to specialized laboratories(AU)

Caracterização clínica e terapêutica de lesões mamárias não neoplásicas em fêmeas da espécie felina / Clinical and therapeutic characterization of nonneoplastic mammary lesions in feline species females

A hiperplasia fibroepitelial e a displasia cística são proliferações não neoplásicas da glândulamamária felina. Embora sejam benignas, possuem o carcinoma como principal diagnóstico diferencial.Objetivou-se estabelecer o perfil clínico-epidemiológico e terapêutico das neoformações mamárias nãoneoplásicas de gatas domésticas, no sentido de auxiliar aos clínicos veterinários no manejo destas mastopatias. Aobtenção das informações, de forma retrospectiva, ocorreu por meio de fichas do Hospital Veterinário daUniversidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido. Foi colhida informação da anamnese, aspecto clínico das lesões,diagnóstico microscópico, terapia utilizada e resposta clínica. Os dados foram distribuídos em frequências.Verificou-se que a maioria das alterações (91%) correspondia à hiperplasia fibroepitelial, em contraste comapenas um (9%) caso de displasia cística. A citologia confirmou todas as situações de hiperplasia fibroepitelial,enquanto o diagnóstico definitivo da displasia cística foi obtido somente pela histopatologia. Grande parte dasgatas estudadas possuía idade inferior a um ano, sendo usualmente não ovariectomizada e já submetida à terapiacom progestágenos. O sinal clínico mais comum foi à cianose local. Em 90% das fêmeas com hiperplasiafibroepitelial mamária, o tratamento primário equivaleu à administração de fármaco antiprogestágeno(aglepristone). Após a regressão do tecido mamário, as pacientes foram submetidas àovariossalpingohisterectomia. Para a displasia cística, estabeleceu-se a associação da esterilização cirúrgica coma mastectomia. Para todas as situações, as distintas terapias promoveram a remissão definitiva das mastopatias.Os dados obtidos tornam-se fundamentais para a abordagem clínica e terapêutica das pacientes felinasacometidas por neoformações não neoplásicas da glândula mamária(AU)

The fibroepithelial hyperplasia and cystic dysplasia correspond to feline mammary glandnonneoplastic proliferations. Although benign, they have the carcinoma as the main differential diagnosis. Thestudy aimed to establish the clinical-epidemiological and therapeutic profile of nonneoplastic mammaryneoformations of domestic cats, in order to help veterinary clinicians in the management of feline mastopathies.Information was obtained retrospectively from the Veterinary Hospital of the Semi-Arid Rural FederalUniversity clinical records. Historical information, clinical appearance of the lesions and microscopic diagnosiswere collected, besides the therapy used and the respective clinical response. The data were distributed infrequencies. It was found that most disorders (91%) corresponded to fibroepithelial hyperplasia, in contrast withone (9%) case of cystic dysplasia. Cytology was enough to confirm all cases of fibroepithelial hyperplasia, whilethe cystic dysplasia definitive diagnosis was obtained only by the histopathological exam. Many of the catsstudied were under one year old, having not usually been ovariectomized yet, but already subjected to progestintreatment. The most common clinical sign were local cyanosis. In 90% of the female patients with breastfibroepithelial hyperplasia, primary treatment consisted of antiprogestagen drug (aglepristone) administration.After complete regression of the breast tissue, the patients underwent ovariosalpingohysterectomy. For the cysticdysplasia case, it was established the association of surgical sterilization with mastectomy. For all situations, thedifferent therapies promoted permanent remission of the mastopathies. The data obtained become crucial forclinical management and therapy of feline patients suffering from nonneoplastic mammary gland neoformations(AU)