Perception and clinical decisions from inflammatory bowel diseases’ specialists towards positioning of new therapies in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: A national web-based survey from the Brazilian IBD study group (GEDIIB) / Percepción y decisiones clínicas de especialistas en enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales hacia el posicionamiento de nuevas terapias en la enfermedad de Crohn y la colitis ulcerosa: una encuesta web de práctica clínica nacional del Grupo de Estudios Brasileño de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (GEDIIB)

Background: In the last decade, new therapies with different mechanisms of action have been approved for the treatment of moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Due to the lack of comparative head-to-head trials, the ideal positioning of agents as the most appropriate first- or second-line therapies remains to be defined. Objective: This survey aimed to evaluate the perception and decisions of Brazilian Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) specialists in positioning of new therapies (vedolizumab [VEDO], ustekinumab [UST] and tofacitinib [TOFA]) in the management of IBD in different clinical scenarios. Methodology: An anonymous national web-based questionnaire was used to determine the positioning of treatment options in different clinical scenarios (using Google Forms platform), which involved different age ranges, phenotypes, clinical situations and previous exposure to anti-TNF agents (14 scenarios for CD and 10 scenarios for UC). In CD, physicians could choose between UST or VEDO, whilst in UC, between UST, VEDO or TOFA. Six reasons for the specific choice were proposed, such as mechanism of action, safety, method of administration or onset of action. Statistical analysis was carried out with chi-square and t-tests. Results: A total of 150 out of 672 GEDIIB IBD specialists (22.32%) responded to the survey. In CD scenarios, UST was the most dominant choice (11/14 scenarios), with VEDO dominating only 3 clinical situations. In UC scenarios, VEDO was the dominant choice (8/10), with UST being chosen for scenarios that included extraintestinal manifestations. Among the reasons for specific choices, the most commonly chosen were the higher efficacy due to the intrinsic mechanism of action and safety profile.(AU)

Antecedentes: En la última década se han aprobado nuevas terapias con diferentes mecanismos de acción para el tratamiento de la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) y de la colitis ulcerosa (CU) de moderada a grave. Debido a la falta de ensayos comparativos cara a cara, aún no se ha definido el posicionamiento ideal de los agentes como terapias de primera o segunda línea más adecuadas. Objetivo: El objetivo de esta encuesta fue evaluar la percepción y las decisiones de los especialistas brasileños en enfermedades inflamatorias intestinales (EII) en el posicionamiento de las nuevas terapias (vedolizumab [VEDO], ustekinumab [UST] y tofacitinib [TOFA]) en el manejo de la EII en diferentes escenarios clínicos. Metodología: Se utilizó un cuestionario nacional anónimo basado en la web para determinar el posicionamiento de las opciones de tratamiento en diferentes escenarios clínicos (utilizando la plataforma Google Forms), que implicaban diferentes rangos de edad, fenotipos, situaciones clínicas y exposición previa a agentes anti-TNF (14 escenarios para la EC y 10 escenarios para la CU). En la EC, los médicos podían elegir entre UST o VEDO, mientras que, en la CU, entre UST, VEDO o TOFA. Se propusieron 6 razones para la elección específica, como el mecanismo de acción, la seguridad, el método de administración o el inicio de acción. El análisis estadístico se llevó a cabo con las pruebas de Chi-cuadrado y la t de Student. Resultados: Un total de 150 de los 672 especialistas en EII del Grupo de Estudios Brasileño de Enfermedades Inflamatorias (GEDIIB) (22,32%) respondieron a la encuesta. En los escenarios de la EC, la UST fue la opción más dominante (11/14 escenarios), y la VEDO solo dominó 3 situaciones clínicas. En los escenarios de la CU, la VEDO fue la elección dominante (8/10), siendo la UST la elegida para los escenarios que incluían manifestaciones extraintestinales.(AU)

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) protocol in bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS)-analysis of practices in nutritional aspects from five continents.

This study aims to understand the prevalent practices on the nutritional aspects of the enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol based on the knowledge and practice of surgeons, nutritionists, and anesthesiologists who work in the bariatric and metabolic surgery (BMS) units worldwide. This cross-sectional study enrolled BMS unit professionals from five continents-Africa, America, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. An electronic questionnaire developed by the researchers was provided to evaluate practices about the three nutritional aspects of ERAS protocol in BMS (Thorel et al. 2016): preoperative fasting, carbohydrate loading, and early postoperative nutrition. Only surgeons, nutritionists, and anesthesiologists were invited to participate. One hundred twenty-five professionals answered the questionnaires: 50.4% from America and 39.2% from Europe. The profile of participating professionals was bariatric surgeons 70.2%, nutritionists 26.4%, and anesthesiologists 3.3%. Approximately 47.9% of professionals work in private services, for about 11 to 20 years (48.7%). In all continents, a large majority were aware of the protocol. Professionals from the African continent reported having implemented the ERAS bariatric protocol 4.0 ± 0 years ago. It is worth mentioning that professionals from the five continents implemented the ERAS protocol based on the published literature (p = 0.012). About preoperative fasting abbreviation protocol, a significant difference was found between continents and consequently between services (p = 0.000). There is no uniformity in the conduct of shortening of fasting in the preoperative period and the immediate postoperative period. Early postoperative (PO) period protein supplementation is not performed in a standard fashion in all units globally. ERAS principles and practices are partial and insufficiently implemented on the five continents despite the prevalent knowledge of professionals based on evidence. Moreover, there is no uniformity in fasting, immediate postoperative diet, and early protein supplementation practices globally.

Nutritional risk factors for postoperative complications in Brazilian elderly patients undergoing major elective surgery.

OBJECTIVE: In this prospective study, we assessed nutritional and immunologic risk factors for infectious complications and deaths related to infection in elderly patients undergoing major elective surgery. METHODS: Seventy patients 60 y or older were enrolled in this study. The preoperative variables analyzed were body mass index, body mass index knee height, triceps skinfold, subscapular skinfold, mid-arm muscle circumference, mid-arm muscle area, albumin, transferrin, prealbumin, and retinol-binding protein levels, immunoglobulins G, A, and M, C3, and C4 levels, total lymphocyte counts, and the occurrence of delayed hypersensitivity reactions (multitest). RESULTS: Abnormally low levels of prealbumin (P = 0.004), retinol-binding protein (P = 0.05), and transferrin (P = 0.04) were related to infectious complications. Prealbumin levels (P = 0.02) and lymphocyte counts below 1500 cells/mm(3) (P = 0.04) were associated with mortality secondary to infection. Univariate regression analysis showed that levels of prealbumin (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limits = 1.6, 110.9), retinol-binding protein (P = 0.03, odds ratio = 4.8, 95% confidence limits = 1.2, 19.3), and transferrin (P = 0.03; odds ratio = 4.2, 95% confidence limit = 1.2, 15.6) were associated with infectious complications. Multivariate analysis associated only prealbumin levels with infectious complications (P = 0.02, odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence limit = 1.6, 110.9). Regression analysis provided no conclusion regarding mortality because of the small number of deaths recorded. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with a good cardiac index (Goldman I and II) who underwent major elective surgery, prealbumin protein, retinol-binding protein, and transferrin levels below normal values represented a significant risk for postoperative infectious complications. Lymphocyte counts lower than 1500/m(3) and abnormal prealbumin values were associated with postoperative mortality secondary to infection. The anthropometric variables evaluated did not predict postoperative infectious complications and mortality.