The Homophobia Course in the Life of Older Gay Men in Brazil: Their Social Representations.

This study aims at understanding the social representations of homophobia among older gay men. A number of 20 older gay men aged between 60 and 75 years old participated of the study; the average age was 63.25 years old (SD = 3.58). In the data collection, a semi-structured interview about homophobia was used; they were analyzed on IRAMUTEQ, which compiles the descendant hierarchical classification. The corpus was divided into three classes of social representations. The first representation comprises images of prejudice within society. The second one presents social representations involving reports of internalized homophobia and the experiencing of prejudice. The third one shows social representations about physical and identity violations. The social representations of homophobia show how the participants lead their actions in society, being based upon risk and protection issues to face the objective and subjective difficulties present in their social representations.

Results from Portugal's 2022 report card on physical activity for children and youth.

Background: The purpose of this study is to update results of Portuguese's Report Card on Physical activity (PA) for Children and Adolescents. Methods: The grades were assigned by results derived from the PA and Fitness in Portugal 2021 Portuguese Report Card and corresponds to the third report for the Portuguese children and adolescents. It includes indicators of PA and sedentary behavior (SB) that are common to the GLOBAL matrix 4.0: Overall Physical Activity, Organized Sport and Physical Activity, Active Play, Active Transportation, Sedentary Behaviors, Family and Peers, School, Community and the Environment, Government and Physical Fitness. The search focused on published national evidence/data sources (academia, NGO, governmental) from end 2018 onwards excluding data obtained during the covid-19 pandemic. Results: The grades were assigned as follows: Overall PA (D-), Organized Sport Participation (C-), Active Play (D+), Active Transportation (D-), Sedentary behaviors (C+), Physical Fitness (C), Family and Peers (B), School (A), Community and Environment (B), and Government (B). Conclusion: In line with previous Portuguese Report Cards, a large proportion of Portuguese children and adolescents are not sufficiently active nor fit enough setting urgency for effective strategies. Particular attention should be given to Active play, Active transport and Organized Sports Participation has their grades have decreased. Some actions in selected indicators as Governmental and policy seems promising however results weren't seen yet. Despite the strong support of schools with mandatory curricula in PE no correspondent change is observed in fitness or PA, so more research is needed to find why.

Cytotoxic and Antioxidant Properties of Natural Bioactive Monoterpenes Nerol, Estragole, and 3,7-Dimethyl-1-Octanol.

The therapeutic potential of medicinal plants is noted because of the presence of varieties of biochemicals. The monoterpenes, like nerol, estragole, and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol, have been reported for antimicrobial, antifungal, anthelmintic, and antioxidant activities. This study evaluated the toxic, cytotoxic, and oxidant/antioxidant effects of these compounds by several in vitro (DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging, and ferric reducing potential), ex vivo (hemolysis), and in vivo (Artemia Salina and Saccharomyces cerevisiae) assays. Results suggest that estragole and 3,7-dimethyl-1-octanol at 31.25-500 µg/mL did not exhibit significant cytotoxic effects in the A. Salina and hemolysis tests. Nerol showed significant cytotoxic effects on these test systems at all test concentrations. The monoterpenes showed radical (ABTS•+ and DPPH•) scavenging capacities in a concentration-dependent manner in vitro tests. However, they did not oxidize the genetic material of S. cerevisiae (SODWT, Sod1Δ, Sod2Δ, Sod1/Sod2Δ, Cat1Δ, and Cat1Δ/Sod1Δ) lines. Among the three monoterpenes, nerol may be a good candidate for antioxidant and anti-tumor therapies.

Associations Between Anthropometric Indicators in Early Life and Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Physical Activity, and Sedentary Time in Adolescence.

BACKGROUND: To explore the associations between birth weight and body mass index (BMI) from 6 months to 6 years of age, with cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), physical activity, and sedentary time in adolescence. METHODS: Retrospective school-based study with 539 adolescents (292 girls), mean age of 13.94 (1.62) years. Anthropometric data from birth up to 6 years were extracted from individual child health booklets. CRF was estimated by 20-m shuttle run test. Physical activity and sedentary time were assessed with accelerometers. RESULTS: Birth weight was not associated with any outcome measured in adolescence. From the age of 6 months onwards in girls, and from 3 years in boys, BMI associated inversely with CRF in adolescence. In girls, BMI (at 12 mo and at 3 y of age) associated positively with sedentary time in adolescence, but not with physical activity. In boys, positive associations between BMI at the ages of 3, 5, and 6 years old and time spent in some intensities of physical activity in adolescence were found. CONCLUSIONS: BMI during the early years was negatively associated with CRF in adolescence, in a consistent way, for both genders, but with physical activity and sedentary time the associations were scarce and inconsistent, depending on the gender.

Intra- and interindividual variation in the advertisement call of Dendropsophus banner (Cochran, 1948) (Anura: Hylidae).

Vocalization is one of the main behaviors of anurans (Köhler et al. 2017). Calls emitted by these animals display several social and ecological functions. For example, they can be used for attraction of conspecific females (Toledo et al. 2015) and territorial defense (Wells 2010). Advertisement calls are emitted predominantly by males (Kelley 2004) and constitute a key-factor for species identification (Köhler et al. 2017).

Velhice LGBT e facilitadores de grupos de convivências de idosos: suas representações sociais / LGBT old age and facilitators of elderly living groups: their social representations

Resumo O presente artigo buscou identificar as Representações sociais dos facilitadores de grupos de convivência dos Centros de Referência da Assistência Social (Cras) a respeito da velhice LGBT, dos estados do Ceará e Piauí, Brasil. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório e descritivo com dados transversais. Assim, utilizou-se para coleta de dados entrevistas semiestruturadas e questionário sociodemográfico. O estudo contou com 20 facilitadores de grupos de convivência, de ambos os sexos, com idade entre 22 e 49 anos (M= 30,95; DP=7,41). Verificou-se a partir dos dados apreendidos as percepções que permeiam o universo dessa coorte, que foram: sociedade preconceituosa para com a população LGBT; indivíduos sem preconceito; falta de informação e naturalização do processo de envelhecimento.

Abstract This article aimed to identify the Social Representations of the facilitators of Social Assistance Reference Centers (CRAS) living groups regarding LGBT old age, from Ceará and Piauí states, Brazil. This is an exploratory and descriptive study with cross-sectional data. To collect data, sociodemographic questfonnaire and semi-structured interviews were used. The study included 20 facilitators of living groups, both sexes, aged between 22 and 49 years (M = 30.95; SD = 7.41). It was verified from the data apprehended as perceptions that permeate the universe of this cohort, which were: prejudiced society for the LGBT population; isolated without prejudice; lack of information and naturalization of the aging process.

Antitumoral effects of [6]-gingerol [(S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone] in sarcoma 180 cells through cytogenetic mechanisms.

BACKGROUND: [6]-Gingerol [(S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone] is a phenolic substance reported for several ethnopharmacological usage by virtue of its antioxidant, antiemetic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties. This study assessed the antitumoral effects of [6]-Gingerol in primary cells of Sarcoma 180 as well as in peripheral blood lymphocytes of mice. METHODS: The effect of [6]-Gingerol was assessed by applying cytogenetic biomarkers as indicative of genotoxicity, mutagenicity and apoptosis. Ascitic liquid cells were treated with [6]-Gingerol at concentrations of 21.33, 42.66 and 85.33 µM and subjected to the cytotoxicity assays using Trypan blue test and the comet assay, as well as the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. Doxorubicin (6 µM) and hydrogen peroxide (85.33 µM) were used as positive controls. RESULTS: [6]-Gingerol, especially at concentrations of 42.66 and 85.33 µM, showed notable cytotoxicity in Sarcoma 180 cells by reducing cell viability and cell division rates via induction of apoptosis. Genotoxicity at the concentrations used was punctuated by the increase in the index and frequency of DNA damage in tested groups. [6]-Gingerol, at all concentrations tested, did not induce significant aneugenic and/or clastogenic effects. It did, however, induced other nuclear abnormalities, such as nucleoplasmic bridges, nuclear buds and apoptosis. The genotoxic effects observed in the cotreatment with H2O2 (challenge assay) employing neoplastic and healthy cells, indicated that [6]-Gingerol may induce oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS: Observations suggest that [6]-Gingerol may be a candidate for pharmaceutical antitumoral formulations due to its cytotoxicity and to mechanisms associated with genetic instability generated by nuclear alterations especially by apoptosis.

DNA methylation fingerprint of monozygotic twins and their singleton sibling with intellectual disability carrying a novel KDM5C mutation.

Mutations in KDM5C (lysine (K)-specific demethylase 5C) were causally associated with up to 3% of X-linked intellectual disability (ID) in males. By exome and Sanger sequencing, a novel frameshift KDM5C variant, predicted to eliminate the JmjC catalytic domain from the protein, was identified in two monozygotic twins and their older brother, which was inherited from their clinically normal mother, who had completely skewed X-inactivation. DNA methylation (DNAm) data were evaluated using the Illumina 450 K Methylation Beadchip arrays. Comparison of methylation levels between the three patients and male controls identified 399 differentially methylated CpG sites, which were enriched among those CpG sites modulated during brain development. Most of them were hypomethylated (72%), and located mainly in shores, whereas the hypermethylated CpGs were more represented in open sea regions. The DNAm changes did not differ between the monozygotic twins nor between them and their older sibling, all presenting a global hypomethylation, similar to other studies that associated DNA methylation changes to different KDM5C mutations. The 38 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were enriched for H3K4me3 marks identified in developing brains. The remarkable similarity between the methylation changes in the monozygotic twins and their older brother is indicative that these epigenetic changes were mostly driven by the KDM5C mutation.

Association of Dairy Product Consumption with Metabolic and Inflammatory Biomarkers in Adolescents: A Cross-Sectional Analysis from the LabMed Study.

This study aimed to investigate the association between dairy product consumption and metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers in Portuguese adolescents, and whether the association differed by weight status. A cross-sectional study was conducted during the school year 2011/2012 with 412 Portuguese adolescents (52.4% girls) in 7th and 10th grade (aged 12 to 18 years old). The World Health Organization cutoffs were used to categorize adolescents as non-overweight (NW) or overweight (OW). Blood samples were collected to analyze C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), leptin, and adiponectin. Dairy product intake was evaluated using a food frequency questionnaire. Participants were divided by tertiles according to the amount of dairy product consumed. The associations between dairy product consumption with metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers were evaluated using generalized linear regression models with logarithmic link and gamma distribution and adjusted for potential confounders. The majority of adolescents were NW (67.2%). NW adolescents had lower IL-6, CRP, and leptin concentration than their counterparts (p < 0.05, for all comparisons). Higher levels of total dairy product and milk intake were inversely associated with IL-6 (P for trend <0.05, for all) in NW adolescents, but not in OW adolescents. NW adolescents in the second tertile of yogurt consumption had lower level of IL-6 compared to those in the first tertile (p = 0.004). Our results suggest an inverse association between total dairy product and milk intake and serum concentrations of IL-6 only among NW adolescents.

Cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life in adolescents: A longitudinal analysis from the LabMed Physical Activity Study.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine the longitudinal associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in a sample of adolescents, and to determine whether changes in cardiorespiratory fitness were associated with HRQoL over a 2-year follow-up. METHODS: This is a longitudinal analysis with 571 Portuguese adolescents (274 boys and 297 girls) aged 12-18 years. HRQoL was measured with the Kidscreen-10 questionnaire; the 20 m shuttle-run was used to estimate cardiorespiratory fitness; socioeconomic status was assessed with the Family Affluence Scale; and pubertal stage was assessed with Tanner stages. Linear regression and analysis of covariance (ancovas) were used to examine the associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL. RESULTS: HRQoL decreased over a 2-year period both in boys and girls (P < .05). Moreover, girls at baseline and at follow-up reported significantly lower HRQoL values than boys (between subjects P < .001). After adjustments for potential confounders, regression analyses showed significant cross-sectional associations between cardiorespiratory fitness and HRQoL both at baseline (B = 0.095; P = .023) and at follow-up (B = 0.090; P = .012). ancova showed that adolescents whose cardiorespiratory fitness decreased over time exhibited lower scores of HRQoL at follow-up, compared to those with persistent high cardiorespiratory fitness; this held after adjustments for age, sex, socioeconomic status, and pubertal stage. CONCLUSIONS: Changes in cardiorespiratory fitness during adolescence were associated with HRQoL over a 2-year period. This study suggests that improving cardiorespiratory fitness could be an important strategy in improving the HRQoL of adolescents.

Suicídio entre idosos no Brasil: uma revisão de literatura dos últimos 10 anos / Suicidio entre ancianos en Brasil: una revisión de la literatura de los últimos 10 años / Suicide between elderly in Brazil: a literature review of the last 10 years

Resumo: O presente trabalho tem por objetivo explanar sobre o suicídio na velhice no Brasil por meio da revisão da literatura existente. Optou-se por empregar uma revisão exploratória da literatura, no respectivo banco de dados Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online), sendo utilizados, apenas, artigos publicados em língua portuguesa dos últimos 10 (dez) anos. Conclui-se com base nessa pesquisa, a partir de dados oficiais, que há evidências de casos suicidas entre idosos de ambos os gêneros em todas as regiões do país, sendo constatado que mover atenções a conjuntura sobre suicídio no Brasil é imprescindível. Quando relacionado ao público gerontológico revela a incidência do ato suicida como ação dolosa que perpassa a vida, não se restringindo a um público padrão e como caso de saúde pública que se desenvolve sob múltiplos fatores, os quais compreendê-los aumenta a eficácia de medidas de prevenção amenizando o impacto psicológico do ato suicida nas pessoas próximas.

Resumen: El presente trabajo tiene como objetivo explicar acerca del suicidio en la vejez en Brasil mediante una revisión de la literatura existente. Fue realizada una revisión exploratoria de la literatura en la base de datos Scielo (Scientific Electronic Library Online). Fueron utilizados solamente artículos publicados en Portugués en los últimos 10 (diez) años. Se puede concluir mediante esta investigación realizada a partir de datos oficiales, que existen evidencias de casos de suicidio en adultos mayores de ambos géneros en todas las regiones del país. De esta forma, se constata como imprescindible llamar la atención acerca del fenómeno del suicidio en Brasil, el cual, cuando asociado con el público gerontológico, muestra la incidencia del acto suicida como una acción deliberada que permea la vida, no estando restringido a un público tipo y como caso de salud pública que se desarrolla bajo la influencia de diversos factores, los cuales al ser comprendidos aumentan la eficiencia de las medidas de prevención, disminuyendo el impacto psicológico del acto suicida en las personas próximas.

Abstract: This study aims to explain suicide in old age in Brazil by reviewing the existing literature. We chose to use an exploratory review of the literature, in the respective Scielo database (Scientific Electronic Library Online), using only published articles in Portuguese language of the last 10 (ten) years. Based on this research, it is concluded from official data that there is evidence of suicidal cases among elderly people of both genders in all regions of the country, and it was found that moving attention to the situation on suicide in Brazil is essential. When related to the gerontological public, it reveals the incidence of the suicidal act as a life-threatening act, not restricted to a standard public and a public health case that develops under multiple factors, which when understood increase the effectiveness of measures of preventing the psychological impact of the suicide act on those around them.

Toxic, cytogenetic and antitumor evaluations of [6]-gingerol in non-clinical in vitro studies.

Gingerol - [6]-gingerol ((S)-5-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-decanone; [6]-G) - is a phenolic compound with several pharmacological properties. Herein, the aim of the study was to evaluate the toxicogenic effects of [6]-G on Artemia salina nauplii, Allium cepa, HL-60 cell line and Sarcoma 180 (S-180) ascitic fluid cells.For toxic and genotoxic analysis, it was used [6]-G concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 40 µg mL-1. For cytotoxic evaluation using the MTT test (3- [4,5-dimethyl-thiazol-2-yl] -2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide), serial [6]-G dilutions (1.56-100 µg mL-1) were performed, and S-180, HL-60 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were treated for 72 h. The IC50 of [6]-G were 1.14, 5.73 and 11.18 µg mL-1 for HL-60, S-180 and PBMC, respectively, indicating a possible selectivity against tumor cell lines. At higher concentrations (>10 µg mL-1), toxicity and genotoxicity were observed in the A. cepa test, especially at 40 µg mL-1. Mechanisms indicating apoptosis, such as toxicity, cytotoxicity and nuclear abnormalities (bridges, fragments, delays, loose chromosomes and micronuclei) suggest that [6]-G has potential for antitumor pharmaceutical formulations.

Attitudes towards Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender Old Age Scale (EAFV- LGBT): Elaboration and Psychometric Evidence.

The aim of this study was to construct and validate an Attitude Scale relating to Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) old age (EAFV-LGBT). The first study, consisting of 29 items in its preliminary version, counted on 266 individuals from the public in general with an average age of 28.6 years (DP = 9.70), exploratory factor analysis was undertaken and EAFV-LGBT consisted of twelve items, with eigenvalues of 5.08, accounting for 43.8% of total variance. The second study consisted of 261 individuals from the general public with an average age of 23.18 years (DP = 8.25), confirmatory factor analysis was undertaken and psychometric parameters by means of Item Response Theory and conformation of the EAFV-LGBT structure. After this analysis, two items were excluded due to lower psychometric values, in which the 10 item scale proved to be valid and precise in evaluating individuals with varying levels of the latent trait. An adequate fit of the model to the data was verified, CFI = 0.97; TLI = 0.6; RMSEA, 90% CI = 0.05 [0.01, 0.07]. Lastly, the EAFV-LGBT has valid psychometric properties to evaluate attitudes towards LGBT old age.

Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic/antitumoral bioactives from the phylum Basidiomycota and their possible mechanisms of action.

Biologically active compounds from species of the phylum Basidiomycota have been shown a wide range of pharmacological activities and provide a vast reservoir of potential innovational drugs. The aim of this review is to discuss some mechanisms of action involved in antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic/antitumoral activities attributed to the bioactive compounds from species of the phylum Basidiomycota. We show that isolated compounds from extracts, secondary metabolites and polysaccharides that presented antioxidant properties have mechanisms of action involved in the elimination/capture of free radicals and reduction of lipid peroxidation. Also, some bioactives with anti-inflammatory activity were reported to enhance innate and cell-mediated immune responses. Finally, compounds that presented cytotoxic/antitumoral activity induces increased free radical production, collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and increased expression of proteins responsible for cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Investigating the mechanisms of action of biologically active compounds will facilitate further efforts to accelerate the discovery of novel therapeutic strategies.

Muscular fitness and cardiorespiratory fitness are associated with health-related quality of life: Results from labmed physical activity study.

BACKGROUND: Adolescents' physical fitness levels are an important indicator of their lifestyle and seem to have positive consequences in health-related quality of life (HRQoL). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to analyse the combined associations of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness with HRQoL and to assess the differences between HRQoL scores across groups of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular fitness in Portuguese adolescents. DESIGN: This is a cross-sectional analysis with 567 Portuguese adolescents aged 12-18 years-old. METHODS: HRQoL was measured using the Kidscreen-10 questionnaire. Cardiorespiratory fitness was estimated with the 20-m shuttle-run test. Muscular fitness was evaluated using the handgrip and the standing long jump tests and a muscular fitness index was computed by means of standardized measures of both tests. Socioeconomic status was assessed using the Family Affluence Scale. Body composition (body mass and height) was measured according to standard protocols. Accelerometers were used to obtain objective physical activity time. Pubertal stage was assessed using Tanner stages. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet was assessed using the KIDMED index. Participants were divided into four groups based on low or high values of both cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness. Regression analysis, mediation analysis and ANCOVA were performed. RESULTS: HRQoL was positively associated with cardiorespiratory fitness (B = 0.112; p < 0.05) and muscular fitness score (B = 0.328 p < 0.05), after controlling for potential confounders. However, when both fitness variables were entered in the same model only cardiorespiratory fitness remained significantly associated with HRQoL (B = 0.093 p < 0.05). Cardiorespiratory fitness acted as a full mediator variable on the relationship between muscular fitness and HRQoL in adolescents (p < 0.05). ANCOVA showed that adolescents with high cardiorespiratory fitness/high muscular fitness exhibit better HRQoL scores when compared to those with low muscular fitness/low cardiorespiratory fitness and with those with low muscular fitness/high cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In adolescents, the combination of high cardiorespiratory fitness and high muscular fitness was positively associated with a better HRQoL.

Ability of 2 estimation methods of body fat percentage in identifying unfavorable levels of cardiometabolic biomarkers in adolescents: Results from the LabMed study.

BACKGROUND: To assess and compare the ability of body fat percentage (BF%) estimated by 2 methods, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and by the Slaughter et al equations for triceps and subscapular skinfold thickness (SKF), in identifying unfavorable levels of several biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk. METHODS: Cross-sectional school-based study with 529 apparently healthy adolescents (267 girls), aged 14.3 ±â€Š1.7 years. RESULTS: BF% estimated by both methods always showed higher areas under the curve (AUC) for each biomarker in girls than in boys (with the exception of BIA for leptin). BF% estimated by BIA and by SKF presented a discriminatory ability in identifying unfavorable levels in all biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk in girls; however, BF% estimated by BIA displayed the highest AUC (except for C-reactive protein). In boys, BF% estimated by SKF presented higher AUC for C-reactive protein, fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate; and BF% estimated by BIA for complement C3 and leptin. Positive and significant associations between BIA and SKF with all biomarkers (P < .05) were found (except for SKF and complement C4 in girls, and SKF and fibrinogen and erythrocyte sedimentation rate in boys), after adjustments for pubertal stage, cardiorespiratory fitness, adherence to the Mediterranean diet and socioeconomic status. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, diagnostic performance was more accurate in girls. BF% estimated by BIA presented a slightly better overall discriminatory ability for each biomarker than BF% estimated by SKF in girls, while in boys no method clearly prevailed over the other.

Longitudinal associations between motor competence and different physical activity intensities: LabMed physical activity study.

An appropriated level of motor competence is essential for children´s healthy growth and development and a key factor in the promotion of lifelong active lifestyles and health. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between motor competence and different physical activity intensities (light, moderate, moderate-to-vigorous and vigorous physical activity), as well as total physical activity, over a two-year period, in adolescents. The sample comprised of 103 adolescents (13.49 ± 0.87 years, 53 girls), from the north of Portugal. Motor competence was evaluated with the body coordination test, Körperkoordination-Test-für-Kinder. Physical activity was objectively assessed with GT1M accelerometers (ActiGraph, Pensacola, FL, USA). Physical activity variables were expressed as proportions of accelerometer wear time. Regression analyses showed positive longitudinal associations between motor competence at baseline and moderate physical activity (B = 0.0033, p = 0.018), moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (B = 0.0052, p = 0.024) and total physical activity (B = 0.067, p = 0.040) at follow up, after adjustments for age, sex, the corresponding physical activity intensity at baseline, body mass index, pubertal stage and socioeconomic status. Our findings highlight the importance of motor competence development to promote moderate-to-vigorous physical activity during adolescence.

Retinol palmitate and ascorbic acid: Role in oncological prevention and therapy.

Cancer development has been directly related to oxidative stress. During chemotherapy, some cancer patients use dietary antioxidants to avoid nutritional deficiencies due to cancer treatment. Among the antioxidants consumed, there are vitamins, including retinyl palmitate (PR) and ascorbic acid (AA), which have the capacity to reduce free radicals formation, protect cellular structures and maintain the cellular homeostasis. This systematic review evaluated the antioxidant and antitumor mechanisms of retinol palmitate (a derivative of vitamin A) and/or ascorbic acid (vitamin C) in cancer-related studies. Ninety-seven (97) indexed articles in the databases PubMed and Science Direct, published between 2013 and 2017, including 23 clinical studies (5 for every single compound while 13 in interaction) and 74 non-clinical studies (37 for retinol palmitate, 36 for ascorbic acid and 1 in interaction) were considered. Antioxidant and antitumor effects, with controversies over dosage and route of administration, were observed for the test compounds in their isolated form or associated in clinical studies. Prevention of cancer risks against oxidative damage was seen in lower doses of retinol palmitate and/or vitamin C. However, at high doses, they can generate reactive oxygen species, cytotoxicity and apoptosis in test systems. Non-clinical studies using cell lines have allowed understanding the mechanisms related to antioxidants and antitumor effects of the isolated compounds, however, studies on vitamin interactions, acting as antioxidants and/or antitumor are still rare and controversial. More studies, mainly related to modulation of antineoplastic drugs are needed for understanding the risks and benefits of their use during treatment in order to achieve effectiveness in cancer therapy and patient's quality of life.

Representações sociais da velhice LGBT entre os profissionais do programa estratégia da família (PEF) / Social representations of LGBT old age among professionals of the family strategy program (PEF) / Representaciones sociales de la vejez LGBT entre los profesionales del programa estrategia de la familia (PEF)

A presente pesquisa objetivou identificar as representações sociais entre profissionais cadastrados no Programa Estratégia da Família (PEF) acerca da velhice LGBT. Contou-se com 50 profissionais dos estados brasileiros Ceará e Piauí, maioria mulheres 96%, idade média de 35,3 anos (DP=9,7). Para a coleta de dados, utilizouse um questionário sociodemográfico e uma pergunta: Como você entende a velhice LGBT? Posteriormente, foram submetidas a uma análise, no software Iramuteq, pelo método da Classificação Hierárquica Descendente (CHD) que originou 6 classes de aproximação semântica. Os dados sociodemográficos foram analisados pelo software SPSS. Nos resultados, verificouse que as Representações Sociais circundam na invisibilidade dos idosos LGBT. Assim como, preconceitos e estereótipos negativos relacionados a orientação sexual. Por outro lado, as Representações Sociais dos profissionais direcionamse a aspectos psicossociais ligados ao processo de senescência como um todo e a uma velhice feliz e autônoma.

This research aimed to identify the social representations among professionals enrolled in the Family Strategy Program (PEF) about LGBT old age. It counted with 50 professionals from the Brazilian states of Ceará and Piauí, mostly women 96% with an average age of 35.3 years (SD = 9.7). For the collection of data, we used a sociodemographic questionnaire and the question: How do you understand LGBT old age? Then, they were submitted to analysis in the software Iramuteq, by the descending hierarchical classification method (CHD) that originated 6 classes of semantic approximation. Sociodemographic data were analyzed by the SPSS software. In the results, it was found that the social representations surround the invisibility of LGBT elderly people. As well as negative prejudices and stereotypes related to sexual orientation. On the other hand, the social representations of professionals are directed to psychosocial aspects related to the process of senescence as a whole and to a happy and autonomous old age.

Esta investigación pretendía identificar las representaciones sociales entre los profesionales inscritos en el programa de estrategia familiar (PEF) sobre la vejez LGBT. Contó con 50 profesionales de los Estados brasileños Ceará y Piauí, la mayoría de las mujeres 96%, media de edad de 35,3 años (SD = 9,7). Para la recopilación de datos, usamos un cuestionario sociodemográfico y una pregunta: ¿Cómo entiendes la vejez LGBT? Posteriormente, fueron sometidos a un análisis, en el software Iramuteq, por el método de clasificación jerárquica descendente (CHD) que originó 6 clases de aproximación semántica. Los datos sociodemográficos fueron analizados por el software SPSS. En los resultados, se encontró que las representaciones sociales rodean la invisibilidad de los ancianos LGBT. Así como prejuicios negativos y estereotipos relacionados con la orientación sexual. Por otro lado, las representaciones sociales de los profesionales están dirigidas a aspectos psicosociales relacionados con el proceso de senescencia en su conjunto y a una vejez feliz y autónoma.

Representações Sociais da velhice LGBT: estudo comparativo entre universitários de Direito, Pedagogia e Psicologia / Old age LGBT social representations: A comparative study conducted with university students from law, pedagogy and psychology programs / Representaciones Sociales de la vejez LGBT: estudio comparativo entre los estudiantes universitarios del Derecho, Pedagogía y Psicología

Resumo Objetivo: O presente estudo foi realizado com 300 universitários brasileiros dos cursos de psicologia, direito e pedagogia de uma instituição de ensino superior privada no estado do Piauí, Brasil. Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa conhecer as representações sociais destes três grupos de estudantes acerca do envelhecimento LGBT. Método: Para conhecer tais representações sociais utilizou-se entrevista semi-estruturada e questionário sócio-demográfico para avaliar se há variação das representações de acordo com idade, sexo, graduação e orientação sexual. A amostragem foi por conveniência, sendo que os instrumentos de coleta de dados foram aplicados coletivamente na própria instituição durante o horário de aula. Para a análise dos dados obtidos utilizou-se o software Iramuteq que gerou o dendograma estudado. Resultados: Entre as principais conclusões observa-se que os integrantes da pesquisaobjetivaram suas RS sobre velhice LGBT em dois campos antagônicos, de um lado revelando o preconceito e a discriminação sofrida pelos idosos, e consequente exclusão social. Por outro o direito que tu tens de viver seu estilo de vida sendo respeitados e assumindo seus direitos e deveres como cidadãos. Conclusión: Finalmente, percebe-se que a representação social dos universitários sobre a orientação sexual dos idosos está relacionada a uma escolha e não uma construção social. Espera-se que os dados encontrados subsidiem estudos em outros contextos e intervenções psicossociais.

Abstract Objective: 300 psychology, law and pedagogy students from a Brazilian higher education institution (Estado de Piauí, Brazil) were sampled to conduct this study. This research aims to know students' social representation in relation with LGBT aging. Method: In order to know such social representations and a semi-structured interview and a socio-demographic questionnaire to evaluate if there are represtantions variations according to age, sex, graduation and sexual orientation were used. The sampling procedure was for convenience; the instruments for data collection were applied in the above institution during class time collectively. For data analysis, the Iramuteq software, which generated the studied dendograma was used. Results: Among the main conclusions, the members of this research objectivized their RS on old age LGBT in two antagonistic fields, as follows: on the one hand, prejudice and discrimination suffered by elderly and consequent social exclusion is revealed and on the other hand, the right that they have to live their style of Life being respected and assuming their rights and duties as citizens was observed. Conclusion: As a conclusion, students' social representations in relation with elderly sexual orientation which responds to a choice but not a social construction. It is expected that with the data found studies in other contexts and psychosocial interventions be subsidized.

Resumen Objetivo: El presente estudio fue realizado con 300 universitarios brasileños de los cursos de psicología, derecho y pedagogía de una institución de enseñanza superior privada en el estado de Piauí, Brasil. Con este se buscó conocer las representaciones sociales de estos tres grupos de estudiantes acerca del envejecimiento LGBT. Método: Para conocer tales representaciones sociales se utilizó una entrevista semi-estructurada y un cuestionario sociodemográfico para evaluar si hay variación de las representaciones de acuerdo con edad, sexo, graduación y orientación sexual. El muestreo fue por conveniencia, en tanto que los instrumentos de recolección de datos fueron aplicados colectivamente en la propia institución durante el horario de clase. Para el análisis de los datos obtenidos, se utilizó el software Iramuteq que generó el dendograma estudiado. Resultados: Entre las principales conclusiones se observa que los participantes de la investigación objetivaron sus RS sobre vejez LGBT en dos campos antagónicos; por un lado, revelando el prejuicio y la discriminación sufrida por los ancianos, y consecuente exclusión social. Por otro, el derecho que tienen a vivir su estilo de vida, siendo respetados y asumiendo sus derechos y deberes como ciudadanos. Conclusión: Finalmente, se percibe que la representación social de los universitarios sobre la orientación sexual de los ancianos se relaciona con una elección y no con una construcción social. Se espera que los datos encontrados subsidien estudios en otros contextos e intervenciones psicosociales.