[The cell technologies in modification of mesh materials used in urology].

Based on the literary analysis, the influence of cellular technologies on the results of implantation of mesh materials was studied. The scientific literature of recent years contains a large amount of data devoted to the study of mesh structures and the possibilities of their modification using multipotent stromal cells (MSC) for implantation into patients for correcting tissue defects and pelvic organ prolapse. However, the ideal implant has not yet been created. Additional studies with a longer follow-up period are needed to determine the most successful and safe methods and materials for the restoration of pathologically altered or lost tissues and the transition to clinical trials. It is also yet to come to an unambiguous understanding of the best sources of MSC, ways for stimulation of proliferation, preservation and delivery of these cells into the necessary tissues of the body, to thoroughly study the causes of inefficiency and the risks of developing various complications, especially in the long term. The progress of urological implantology in modern conditions, of course, will be associated with the introduction of modern materials and technologies, including the using MSC.

Preservation of Mesenchymal Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles after Abdominal Delivery in the Experiment.

Light luminescent microscopy was used to study the distribution of extracellular microvesicles with PKH26-stained membranes secreted by placenta-derived mesenchymal stromal cells in the uterine tissues at different terms after injections to intact rats and after abdominal delivery (a model of cesarian section). Microvesicles migrated through the uterine tissues and were detected for at least 8 days after injection. In some cases, microvesicles were more numerous in the uterus after cesarian section modeling, which can be related to blockade of microcirculation and lymph flow due to inflammation accompanying surgical intervention. The content of microvesicles in the uterine tissues gradually declined due to macrophage phagocytosis and, probably, due to their migration into the vascular bed. Despite their size, properly stained extracellular microvesicles can be detected by light microscopy in tissues after injections.

[Liver regeneration after resection in clinical and experimental conditions]. / Nekotorye aspekty regeneratsii pecheni posle rezektsii v klinike i eksperimente.

The researches devoted to postoperative liver regeneration and influence in this process were analyzed. Liver injury is followed by hypertrophy of residual liver parenchyma. The use of various cytokines is perspective for activation, acceleration and inhibition of liver recovery. Cellular technologies in the treatment of liver diseases can affect its repair. Moreover, these methods could make unnecessary resection and transplantation of liver in certain cases. It is generally accepted that the main effect of multipotent stromal cells (MSC) in liver failure is associated with their differentiation to the cellular elements of this organ. At the same time, recent reports revealed that MSC injection to the liver is followed by their quick death, dissemination to other organs and tissues or even elimination from the organism. Regeneration of non-parenchymal structures (vascular network and bile ducts) should be considered in addition to functional recovery of liver parenchyma after resection. Clarification of indications and contraindications for MSC therapy, as well as prevention of possible complications associated with cellular technologies are required.

Possibility of Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells to Restore Lymph Flow in Experimental Phlebothrombosis.

The possibility of formation of lymphatic vessels after introduction of autologous bone marrow-derived multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells transfected with GFP gene into thrombosed femoral vein was studied by fluorescent microscopy. Vascular thrombosis caused by ligation of the great vein with subsequent injection of thrombin solution was accompanied by blockade of regional lymph flow. The cells injected into thrombosed vein directly participate in the formation of new lymphatic vessels in the paravasal tissue surrounding the vein, its tissue region, and around regional lymph nodes. This is seen from bright specific fluorescence of individual cells in the walls of lymphatic vessels and all vascular layers and valves in UV light.

Morphological Changes in Rat Uterine Tissues and Possibility of Spontaneous Labor as a Result of Injection of Multipotent Mesenchymal Stromal Cells against the Background of Hydrometra.

The possibility of pregnancy and labor was evaluated and tissue changes after injection of autologous bone marrow multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells with transfected GFP gene were studied in rats with experimental hydrometra. Injection of stromal cells to the uterine cicatrix increased the number of vessels (vascular walls or their elements) formed de novo with participation of injected cells. The animals produced progeny 2 estrous cycles earlier, the percentage of "puerperal" rats in this group was higher, their progeny was more numerous and they had the maximum numbers of little rats. The maternal mortality was lower after injection of stromal cells. Injection of stromal cells led to development of a trend to more rapid reparative processes in the uterus in animals with cicatricial stenosis of its lumen.

[The rat submandibular lymph node after introduction in mandibular bone defect ultipotent mesenchymal cells adsorbed on polyhydroxyalkanoate scaffold].

The reactions of rat regional lymph nodes, caused by implantation of the autologous multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells of a bone marrow origin (AMMSCBM) for acceleration of bone defect regeneration in bottom jaw experiment were studied by methods of fluorescent light microscopy. After introduction in an injury site of a bottom jaw bone of polyhydroxyalkanoate with adsorbed AMMSCBM with a transfected GFP gene the numerous large macrophages with a set of oval fluorescent inclusions in cytoplasm appear in lymph nodules of submandibular lymph nodes. The number of such macrophages increases within 2 weeks after operation, and further starts decreasing. Probably, entered via such way the AMMSCBM partially are phagocytized by macrophages. At destruction of the structures created from AMMSCBM, debris also are phagocytized by macrophages. In that and other case these macrophages appear in the germinative centers of lymph nodules in lymph nodes where initiation of immunity reactions against DNA and same GFP isn't excluded.

[Dynamics of the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome in dystocia]. / Dinamika razvitiia sindroma disseminirovannogo vnutrisosudistogo svertyvaniia krovi pri diskoordinirovannoi rodovoi deiatel'nosti.

A comprehensive investigation of the hemostasis system permitted to follow the dynamics of disseminated intravascular hemocoagulation syndrome in patients with dystocia. In patients with spastic contractility and myometrial hypertonicity hypercoagulation stage of the aforementioned syndrome was preserved, in those with uterine inertia a transitory stage persisted, those with hypotonicity demonstrated hypocoagulation stage of the syndrome development. It was concluded that the prevention of acute syndrome stages depended on the rapid recovery of coordinated uterine contractility.