RESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Meniere's disease (MD) is a cochlear neurodegenerative disease. Hearing loss appears to be triggered by oxidative stress in the ganglion neurons of the inner ear. OBJECTIVE: Here, we confirm the variation of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation in patients with Meniere and hypothesize that chronic treatment with Coriolus mushroom helps in the response to oxidative stress and acts on α-synuclein and on NF-kB-mediated inflammatory processes. METHODS: Markers of oxidative stress and inflammation were evaluated in MD patients with or without Coriolus treatment for 3 or 6 months. RESULTS: MD patients had a small increase in Nrf2, HO-1, γ-GC, Hsp70, Trx and sirtuin-1, which were further increased by Coriolus treatment, especially after 6 months. Increased markers of oxidative damage, such as protein carbonyls, HNE, and ultraweak chemiluminescence, associated with a decrease in plasma GSH/GSSG ratio, were also observed in lymphocytes from MD patients. These parameters were restored to values similar to the baseline in patients treated with Coriolus for both 3 and 6 months. Furthermore, treated MD subjects showed decreased expression of α-synuclein, GFAP and Iba-1 proteins and modulation of the NF-kB pathway, which were impaired in MD patients. These changes were greatest in subjects taking the supplements for 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests MD as a model of cochlear neurodegenerative disease for the identification of potent inducers of the Nrf2-vitagene pathway, able to reduce the deleterious consequences associated with neurodegenerative damage, probably by indirectly acting on α-synuclein expression and on inflammatory processes NF- kB-mediated.
RESUMEN
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) includes a heterogeneous group of complex neurodevel opmental disorders characterized by atypical behaviors with two core pathological manifestations: deficits in social interaction/communication and repetitive behaviors, which are associated with disturbed redox homeostasis. Modulation of cellular resilience mechanisms induced by low levels of stressors represents a novel approach for the development of therapeutic strategies, and in this context, neuroprotective effects of a wide range of polyphenol compounds have been demonstrated in several in vitro and in vivo studies and thoroughly reviewed by [2, 3]. Mushrooms have been used in traditional medicine for many years and have been associated with a long list of therapeutic properties, including antitumor, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, antiviral, antibacterial, and hepatoprotective effects [4]. Our recent studies have strikingly indicated the presence of polyphenols in nutritional mushrooms and demonstrated their protective effects in different models of neurodegenerative disorders in humans and rats [5, 6]. Although their therapeutic effects are exerted through multiple mechanisms, increasing attention is focusing on their capacity to induce endogenous defense systems by modulating cellular signaling processes, such as nuclear factor erythroid 2 related factor 2 (Nrf2) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) pathways. Here we discuss the protective role of hormesis and its modulation by hormetic nutrients in ASD.
RESUMEN
The paper provides a comprehensive and foundational mechanistic framework of hormesis that establishes its centrality in medicine and public health. This hormetic framework is applied to the assessment of olive polyphenols with respect to their capacity to slow the onset and reduce the magnitude of a wide range of age-related disorders and neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's Disease and Parkinson's Disease. It is proposed that olive polyphenol-induced anti-inflammatory protective effects are mediated in large part via the activation of AMPK and the upregulation of Nrf2 pathway. Consistently, herein we also review the importance of the modulation of Nrf2-related stress responsive vitagenes by olive polyphenols, which at low concentration according to the hormesis theory activates this neuroprotective cascade to preserve brain health and its potential use in the prevention and therapy against aging and age-related cognitive disorders in humans.
